Effect Of Porous Media Research Articles

Experimental and numerical investigation on premixed H2/C3H8/air combustion and thermal performance in a burner with partially filled porous media

• Combustion limits of premixed H 2 /C 3 H 8 /air in varied burners are tested. • Effects of porous media and C 3 H 8 blended on burner thermal performance are experimenatal studied. • Combustion characteristics of varied fuels are compared and analyzed. Micro combustion is challenged by small size, high area-volume ratio and heat loss ratio, affecting the flame stability and energy efficiency. Premixed H 2 /air combustion with C 3 H 8 blending and porous media (PM) setting are experimentally and numerically investigated in two size burners. Results indicate that partially inserted PM and enlarged combustor size both promote the combustion stability and broaden the burning limits, while C 3 H 8 blending inhibit it. These factors significantly affect the combustion characteristics and heat transmission, such as flame location and temperature distribution. The addition of small amount of C 3 H 8 is conducive to promote H 2 /air burning heat release and heat transfer in combustion chamber, while effects of C 3 H 8 blending on flame anchoring and burner wall temperature modification are weakened with increase of fuel input energy Q in and burner size. Furthermore, PM strongly improves the burner mean radiation temperature of 50 K for H 2 fueled combustion with Q in = 120.0 W in the burner with Od = 5 mm, while effects of PM is decreased with C 3 H 8 blended and burner size increased. The exhaust gas temperature of PM combustion is 274 K and 459 K lower than that of free flame in the burners with Od = 4 mm and Od = 5 mm, respectively. It also notes that the burner with Od = 5 mm and PM achieves the highest radiation efficiency 41.84% at Q in = 90.0 W, while the C 3 H 8 addition contributes to improve the efficiency of free flame in a small burner.

Experimental study on drag reduction control of porous media wall turbulence

In order to study the control law and effect of the related mechanism of porous media on the turbulent drag reduction of a plate wall, experimental research of a plate laid with porous media was carried out in a low-turbulence, re-flow wind tunnel. First, the hot wire was used to acquire the time-averaged statistics and fluctuation data inside the boundary layer on the plate surface by single point measurement. Then, the fluorescenct oil flow was applied to obtain the global skin friction distribution downstream of the porous media. Finally, through Time-resolved Particle Image Velocimetry technique, the normal velocity flow field on the surface and the structural information of the near-wall strip were captured in quantitative terms, and the Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) was adopted to analyze the strip’s structural features with the mode reduction. The results showed that the drag reduction effect of porous media had a trend of first increasing and then decreasing in the flow direction, with the maximum drag reduction rate on the surface of porous media. Meanwhile, the porous media changed the internal structure of the turbulent boundary layer, reduced the velocity gradient of the viscous bottom layer, and decreased the momentum exchange between the inner and outer layers, which suppressed the development of large-scale strip structure and promoted the lift of the spanwise vortices. The results of DMD analysis further explained that the porous media could effectively weaken the strip energy fluctuation and accelerate its spatio–temporal evolution process. Moreover, the second and higher order modes could reach a stable state in shorter time.

Hydrodynamic behaviour of floating polygonal compound platforms with wide porous media

Presented herein are the formulation and semi-analytical solutions for the hydrodynamic characteristics and wave fields of floating polygonal compound platforms with wide porous media. The wetted porous medium is assumed to be homogeneous and fully saturated. Limiting cases of the semi-analytical solutions without the porous medium have been verified by the results obtained by using the commercial software ANSYS AQWA. The present semi-analytical solutions based on a matched eigenfunction expansion method are useful as benchmark results for analysts working on new numerical methods for the hydrodynamic analysis of floating platforms with porous media. Parametric studies were conducted to examine the effects of porous media on the wave exciting forces, RAOs, wave fields, porous damping and mooring loads. It is found that the wide porous medium with appropriate porosity and resistance coefficient contributes to reducing the wave exciting forces, RAOs, and overall level of wave fields in the long period region by attenuating the incident wave energy. Also, the porous medium helps to decrease the mooring loads, especially at resonance. Thus, a wide porous medium surrounding the compound platform is effective in both enhancing the motion performance of the floating platform and reducing the wave fields around it.

Numerically Detection Fluid Characteristic Effects in Porous Media for Plastic Manufacturing Process Reconstruction

Research work aimed to prove the cooling effectiveness and efficiency of heating numerically. It was carried out by reconstructing the mold to reduce condensation while keeping the production cycle time. The simulation was done using CFD Fluent, Finite Volume Method (FVM) with a solution method of pressure-velocity, SIMPLE coupling, and second-order upwind discretization scheme. The model's boundary condition represents plastic packaging's production process. The simulation was done to optimize performance during production. Reconstruction and simulation were undertaken. The initial investigation was to produce data for cooling time versus the whole production time. The research result indicated that the average cooling time was 3/5 of the total production time. There were 15.5706 of 26.4206 sec and 15.641 of 26.491 sec, respectively. Further investigation was focused on investigating heat absorption and transfer through cells in the matrix. The porous effect showed temperature gradient reduction between cooled and cooler temperatures by simulation in color. The phenomenon predicted that the Ra contributed to the rate of temperature decrease revealed. There is also an apparent increase in temperature interfaces is evidence. The porous media application with The Rayleigh Number ≥ 105 retained the potential cooling effectivity and heating efficiency. By simulation, a series of discussions of the result of research, the potential may apply in the plastic mold to reconstruct the space and its methods using filling-porous. It is relevant because the heating ability in the phase change of fluid that creates particular characteristics has the potential to make effective cooling.

A Review of the Effect of Porous Media on Gas Hydrate Formation.

Most gas hydrates on the earth are in sediments and permafrost areas, and porous media are often used industrially as additives to improve gas hydrate formation. For further understanding its exploration and exploitation under natural conditions and its application in industry, it is necessary to study the effect of porous media on hydrate formation. The results show that the stacked porous media affects the phase equilibrium of hydrate formation depending on the competition water activity and large specific surface areas, while integrated porous media, such as metal foam, can transfer the hydration heat rapidly and moderate the hydrate phase equilibrium. A supersaturated metal–organic framework is able to significantly improve gas storage performance and can be used as a new material to promote hydrate formation. However, the critical particle size should be studied further for approaching the best promotion effect. In addition, together with the kinetic accelerators, porous media has a synergistic effect on gas hydrate formation. The carboxyl and hydroxyl groups on the surface of porous media can stabilize hydrate crystals through hydrogen bonding. However, the hydroxyl radicals on the silica surface inhibit the combination of CH4 and free water, making the phase equilibrium conditions more demanding.

Effects of Porous Media on Foam Properties

AbstractFoam flooding is an important pathway for enhanced oil recovery. However, the evaluation of foam properties is usually carried out in free space, which can not accurately reflect the performance of foam in porous oil formation. In the present work, by investigating the foamability and stability of foam systems in sand‐pack models with average pore throat radius from 1.24 μm to 4.28 μm, the effects of porous media on foam properties are studied. Compared with foam systems in free space, foam systems in porous media have longer foam half‐life, longer drainage half‐life, and higher foam comprehensive index. The foam volume of foam systems in porous media could be higher or lower than that in free space, depending on the average pore throat radius of the porous media. Generally, in porous media, with the decreasing of pore throat radius, the foamability of the foam systems gradually decreases while the foam stability gradually increases. Moreover, the bubble size and liquid film thickness also decrease with the decreasing of pore throat radius of the porous media. Above all, the behaviors of foams are significantly affected by porous media. When investigating a foam system to evaluate its performance for foam flooding in oil recovery or other applications in porous media, porous models which could reflect the target conditions should be considered to obtain more trustable results.

Optimization of porous finned heat exchanger configuration using the comprehensive performance methodology

This paper uses numerical simulations to investigate heat transfer in a heat exchanger with porous longitudinal fins and a counter-flow double tube. To improve the heat exchanger's overall heat transfer, porous media with uniform porosity is selected in longitudinal fins. To this end, the Darcy and Forchheimer models and the k-ɛ model are used to consider porous media effects and predict the turbulent flow structure. Furthermore, the energy equation was solved using the Local Thermal Non-Equilibrium method. According to the results, it has been noticed that there is a substantial increase in heat transfer upon decreasing the porosity. However, further decreases in porosity cause a growth in the porous material's resistance against fluid flow, which pushes it outside and prevents further increases. Finally, the heat exchanger's total performance variation shows that the optimum values of the permeability and porosity are equal to 10e-6 and 0.85, respectively. The results show the highest efficiency is achieved by a heat exchanger configuration associated with 40 porous fins, where the porous volume is considered as a constant portion of the total volume.

Probing multiscale dissolution dynamics in natural rocks through microfluidics and compositional analysis

Mineral dissolution significantly impacts many geological systems. Carbon released by diagenesis, carbon sequestration, and acid injection are examples where geochemical reactions, fluid flow, and solute transport are strongly coupled. The complexity in these systems involves interplay between various mechanisms that operate at timescales ranging from microseconds to years. Current experimental techniques characterize dissolution processes using static images that are acquired with long measurement times and/or low spatial resolution. These limitations prevent direct observation of how dissolution reactions progress within an intact rock with spatially heterogeneous mineralogy and morphology. We utilize microfluidic cells embedded with thin rock samples to visualize dissolution with significant temporal resolution (100 ms) in a large observation window (3 × 3 mm). We injected acidic fluid into eight shale samples ranging from 8 to 86 wt % carbonate. The pre- and postreaction microstructures are characterized at the scale of pores (0.1 to 1 µm) and fractures (1 to 1,000 µm). We observe that nonreactive particle exposure, fracture morphology, and loss of rock strength are strongly dependent on both the relative volume of reactive grains and their distribution. Time-resolved images of the rock unveil the spatiotemporal dynamics of dissolution, including two-phase flow effects in real time and illustrate the changes in the fracture interface across the range of compositions. Moreover, the dynamical data provide an approach for characterizing reactivity parameters of natural heterogeneous samples when porous media effects are not negligible. The platform and workflow provide real-time characterization of geochemical reactions and inform various subsurface engineering processes.

Determination of dynamic capillary effect on two-phase flow in porous media: A perspective from various methods

The relationship between capillary pressure and saturation plays a critical role in the characterization of two-phase flow and transport in aquifers and oil reservoirs. This relationship is usually determined under the static condition, where capillary pressure is the only function of saturation. However, considerable experiments have suggested that the dependence of capillary pressure on desaturation rate is under the dynamic condition. Thus, a more general description of capillary pressure that includes dynamic capillary effect has been approved widely. A comprehensive understanding of the dynamic capillary effect is needed for the investigation of the two-phase flow in porous media by various methods. In general, dynamic capillary effect in porous media can be studied through the laboratory experiment, pore- to macro-scale modeling, and artificial neural network. Here, main principle and research procedures of each method are reviewed in detail. Then, research progress, disadvantages and advantages are discussed, respectively. In addition, upscaling study from pore- to macro-scale are introduced, which explains the difference between laboratory experiment and pore-scale modeling. At last, several future perspectives and recommendations for optimal solution of dynamic capillary effect are presented.

Unsteady MHD on Convective Flow of a Newtonian Fluid Past an Inclined Plate in Presence of Chemical Reaction with Radiation Absorption and Dufour Effects

In this study, emission incorporation and Dufour belongings are investigated for uneven magnetohydrodynamic assorted convection stream over a disposed holey moving shield with thermal emission, heat assimilation, and homogenous substance reactions subjected to changeable suction. The governing momentum equation, as well as the energy and mass diffusion equations, have analytical solutions. The Nusselt number, the Sherwood number, in addition to velocity, temperature, attentiveness, and skin friction, are computed and examined analytically and visually in order to observe the manipulate of a variety of parameters. Grashof number (Gr), modified Grashof number (Gm), magnetic parameter (M), permeability parameter (K), Prandtl number (Pr), Heat Sink (Q), Radiation parameter (F), Dufour parameter (Du), Radiation absorption constraint (R), Schmidt number (Sc), and Chemical reaction parameter (K0) are all non-dimensional parameters with different values. In porous medium, slow-moving chemical reaction fluids are the only source of the issue. In the future, researchers may look at the inertia effects of porous medium for high-velocity flows. Researchers interested in radiation absorption effects in porous media will find this a highly helpful resource.

Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) simulations for thermal flow hybrid nanofluid flow with Darcy-Forchheimer effects

The goal of this study is to examine the radiative properties of a Cu−Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid with respect to joule heating and suction effects over a stretched sheet. The copper and aluminium oxide nanoparticles are used to increase the thermal impact of water base fluid. The Darcy-Forchheimer theory is used to endorse the inertial and porous media effects and makes the model more interesting from the physical scenario. The partial differential equations (PDEs) are converted to nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through similarity transformation and then numerically solved using the shooting technique with the assistance of a built-in function in Maple software. The impacts of relevant parameters on temperature and velocity profiles, as well as local Nusselt number and skin friction, are discussed. A derivative-based sensitivity analysis is performed to determine different values of physical parameters that affect response functions (skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number) under a given set of assumptions. The effect of the suction, magnetic, and permeability parameters on the solutions is observed to be significant. On the decreasing surface, an increase in copper nanoparticle volume fractions induces an improvement in local skin friction and a decrease in local Nusselt number. Moreover, in order to predict the skin friction and local Nusselt number, we employed an artificial neural network (ANN). This study revealed that the ANN method can predict skin friction and local Nusselt number (R2=0.98 and R2=0.99 respectively). As a result, this study is useful for engineers and scientists who want to learn about the features of the flow, its behavior, and how to anticipate it.

The physical impact of blowing, Soret and Dufour over an unsteady stretching surface immersed in a porous medium in the presence of ternary nanofluid

AbstractThis study discusses the thermal and mass dispersal of ternary unsteady nanofluid flow in the existence of Soret and Dufour effects over a stretched surface with the Stefan blowing (SB) effect in porous media. The “blowing effect” is created by a large number of molecules or nanoscale particles moving from one point to another. SB is a mass transfer of species application that gives the notion of the blowing effect, as well as the Soret and Dufour effects, which are also being considered in the current study. The governing equations that pose the problem are solved using appropriate similarity variables and then translated into ordinary differential equations. Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg 45 and the shooting process are used to solve the reduced equations. The effect of the different dimensionless restrictions on the relevant profiles is visually depicted. According to the analysis, the rise in the porosity constraint will decline the velocity of the fluid. The SB parameter directly influences velocity, thermal, and concentration profiles. The Soret constraint increases concentration, whereas the Schmidt number has the opposite effect. With the addition of solid volume fraction, the rate of mass transmission and surface drag force reduces while the rate of heat dispersion increases.

Effect of opening blockage ratio on the characteristics of methane/air explosion suppressed by porous media

Gas explosion is a common serious accident in underground coal mines and industrial production processes. Porous media, due to its special cellular structure, has a significant effect on stopping the propagation of pressure and flame, which can effectively reduce the explosion hazard. In this study, the explosion suppression effect of Fe-Ni and Cu foams with different pore sizes (20 and 40 holes pores per inch (ppi)) was experimentally investigated and comparatively analyzed at opening blockage ratios (OBR) equal to 0.36, 0.64 and 0.84, respectively. The results demonstrate that Fe-Ni foam with 20ppi quenches the flame only under the OBR of 0.84, which indicates that the larger the OBR is, the better the explosion suppression effect is. However, under the OBR of 0.64, the porous media achieve an enhanced quenching efficiency and the shortest quenching time. In addition, when the vent area is relatively large, the obstacle effect of porous media is stronger than its pressure absorption capacity, thus leading to an increased pressure in the explosion area. The lowest peak overpressure attenuation rate, − 25.9%, is observed for 40ppi Fe-Ni foam under the OBR of 0.36. In general, the OBR is positively correlated with the depressurization capacity. Among all the cases used in this study, the 20ppi Cu foam boasts the highest upstream and downstream peak overpressure attenuation rates under three OBRs, 0.86%, and 6.33%, respectively.

The Effect of Porous Media on Wave-Induced Sloshing in a Floating Tank

Placing porous media in a water tank can change the dynamic characteristics of the sloshing fluid. Its extra damping effect can mitigate sloshing and, thereby, protect the integrity of a liquefied natural gas tank. In addition, the out-of-phase sloshing force enables the water tank to serve as a dynamic vibration absorber for floating structures in the ocean environment. The influence of porous media on wave-induced sloshing fluid in a floating tank and the associated interaction with the substructure in the ambient wave field are the focus of this study. The numerical coupling algorithm includes the potential-based Eulerian–Lagrangian method for fluid simulation and the Newmark time-integration method for rigid-body dynamics. An equivalent mechanical model for the sloshing fluid in a rectangular tank subject to pitch motion is proposed and validated. In this approach, the degrees of freedom modeling of the sloshing fluid can be reduced so the numerical computation is fast and inexpensive. The results of the linear mechanical model and the nonlinear Eulerian–Lagrangian method are correlated. The dynamic interaction between the sloshing fluid and floating body is characterized. The effectiveness of the added porous media in controlling the vibration and mitigating the sloshing response is confirmed through frequency response analysis.

Simulation of a Perforated Vertical Wellbore with Near Wall Porous Media Effect

This paper aims to predict the effect of porous media permeability and perforations parameters on the pressure drop and productivity index, for the perforated vertical wellbore with six perforations and for two phase angles. The first 60ᵒ phase angle with helical distribution and the second 180ᵒ phase angle with normal distribution. In this study, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software has been used to simulate a model of 3-D turbulent fluid flow with stander k−∈, steady-state, and single phase. The effect of the permeability of porous media, inlet mass flow rate from porous media, perforations length, and diameter of perforations are studied, for two cases of the phase angles. The results of this study show that, the pressure drop decreases with increasing permeability pf porous media, so the productivity index increasing. Also, increase of inlet mass flow rate from porous media causing an increase in the pressure drop. The perforations length has a few effects on the pressure drop and productivity index, while the diameter of perforations has a greater effect on the pressure drop.

Feasibility Investigation on the N2 Injection Process to Control Water Coning in Edge Water Heavy Oil Reservoirs

N2 injection process is a potential technique to control the water coning behavior in heavy oil reservoirs. In this paper, by using the methods of experiment and numerical simulation, the N2 injection process for controlling the edge water coning behavior is investigated. First, through a visual fluid flow experimental device, the flow behavior of N2-water in porous media is discussed. Also, the effects of temperature, pressure, and injection rate were studied. Then, based on the experimental results, aiming at an actual edge water heavy oil reservoir, a reservoir simulation model is developed. Thus, the water coning behavior of edge aquifer is systematically studied. Also, two novel indicators are proposed to evaluate the water coning behavior. Then, a series of numerical models are developed to investigate the performance of N2 injection process in edge water heavy oil reservoirs after water coning, and the adaptability and the optimal operation parameters are analyzed. Results indicate that under the effect of porous media, N2 can cut into a series of small gas bubbles. It is a typical dispersed phase and can effectively plug the water coning path. Compared with pressure and injection rate, temperature is a more sensitive factor to affect the plugging performance of N2. From the simulation results, it is observed that the permeability, water/oil ratio, and distance between well and aquifer can significantly affect the performance of water coning behavior. N2 injection process can effectively control the edge water coning and improve the CSS performance. Furthermore, from the simulation results, it is found that the optimal operation parameters for a N2 injection process is that the total N2 injection volume should be higher than 6,000 m3 within one operation cycle and the optimal N2 injection rate should be lower than 700 m3/day. This investigation further clarifies the mechanisms of N2 injection process to control the water coning behavior in heavy oil reservoirs. It can provide a useful reference for the EOR process of the heavy oil reservoirs with edge water.

Utilising fractional porous interface for high thermal performance of serpentine wavy channel solar air heater

This work investigates the thermohydraulic performance of a porous serpentine wavy channel solar air heater. Comprehensive illustration on the effect of fractional porous interface (25%≤ξ≤100%), channel porosity (90%≤φ≤100%) and Reynolds number 2000≤Re≤11000 on the thermohydraulic performance of solar air heater design is presented. Experiments are performed and numerical results are validated to conduct further investigations for the optimization of the input variables. This study is a unique idea that broadly presents the scope of thermal performance improvement by utilizing the porous media in fraction and varying porosity in solar air heater channel and highly useful for the researchers of this field. Finite volume method based computational fluid dynamics tool is used to conduct numerical investigations, Forchheimer equation is used to account the effect of porous media and surface to surface (S2S) radiation model to capture the effect of shape factor and emitted radiation in collector channel. It is obtained that ξ of 25% and φ of 93% delineated the best thermohydraulic performance (THPP) of 4.52 for the present solar air heater design. While, the obtained thermohydraulic performance is 186% times higher compared to the smooth design. The excellent results that come into the light from numerical investigation are the secondary flow formation in the porous and flow zones at higher Reynolds number and lower fraction of porous region (ξ), and for all configurations of ξ at large channel porosity (φ). Hence, results of this investigation not only present the best operational configuration to obtain higher thermal performance, but also present the measures to reduce the material cost of porous media and consequently pumping power.

Influence of Polymer Viscoelasticity on Microscopic Remaining Oil Production.

To investigate the impact of polymer viscoelasticity on microscopic remaining oil production, this study used microscopic oil displacement visualisation technology, numerical simulations in PolyFlow software, and core seepage experiments to study the viscoelasticity of polymers and their elastic effects in porous media. We analysed the forces affecting the microscopic remaining oil in different directions, and the influence of polymer viscoelasticity on the displacement efficiency of microscopic remaining oil. The results demonstrated that the greater the viscosity of the polymer, the greater the deformation and the higher the elasticity proportion. In addition, during the creep recovery experiment at low speed, the polymer solution was mainly viscous, while at high speed it was mainly elastic. When the polymer viscosity reached 125 mPa·s, the core effective permeability reached 100 × 10−3 μm2, and the equivalent shear rate exceeded 1000 s−1, the polymer exhibited an elastic effect in the porous medium and the viscosity curve displayed an ‘upward’ phenomenon. Moreover, the difference in the normal deviatoric stress and horizontal stress acting on the microscopic remaining oil increased exponentially as the viscosity of the polymer increased. The greater the viscosity of the polymer, the greater the remaining oil deformation. During the microscopic visualisation flooding experiment, the viscosity of the polymer, the scope of the mainstream line, and the recovery factor all increased. The scope of spread in the shunt line area significantly increased, but the recovery factor was significantly lower than that in the mainstream line. The amount of remaining oil in the unaffected microscopic area also decreased.

Effect of porous media on wake-induced vibration (WIV) in tandem circular cylinder

In practical engineering, cylindrical structures are frequently arranged in tandem under different flow environments. In this study, wake-induced vibration (WIV) of a solid circular cylinder in the wake of a stationary porous cylinder is numerically investigated. A numerical model including the porous medium and vibration modules is established by using the Immersed Boundary (IB) method and the calculation accuracy of the model is verified by the experiment. Seven porosities of the upstream cylinder from 0.0 to 1.0 are considered and the downstream cylinder is allowed to oscillate in both streamwise and transverse directions. The effects of the gap between the two cylinders, the Reynolds number (Re) and the reduced velocity (Ur) on the upstream-stationary-downstream-vibrating tandem cylinders are investigated in terms of shear layer reattachment, vortex impingement and wake interference. The wake flow pattern and the vortex shed from the porous cylinder are vulnerable to the porosity of the cylinder. As a result, the vibration of the downstream cylinder caused by the wake changes at different porosities. Besides, the hydrodynamic force and vibration frequency are also tightly associated with the wake interaction. At different reduced velocities (Ur) and Reynolds numbers (Re), the WIV and the force on the cylinder change significantly.

Evaluation Criterion of Proton Exchange Membrane (ECPEM) fuel cells considering inserted porous media inside the gas flow channel

• Electrochemical and heat transfer analyses of proton exchange membrane fuel cell. • Introducing a new design using porous media inside the gas flow channel. • Evaluating the power density, voltage, pressure drop and Nu as the outputs. • Define a new parameter “Evaluation Criterion of Proton Exchange Membrane (ECPEM)”. • Training an ANN model to calculate the optimum value of ECPEM to be 78.88. The focus of this study is to evaluate the effects of porous media inside the gas flow channel of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) on four different output parameters of voltage, power density, pressure drop, and Nusselt number (Nu) considering the impacts of its thickness, viscous resistance, and current density. Although it is proved that the new design will improve the convective heat transfer, there have not been studies to evaluate the effects of this porous layer on the electrochemical performance and heat transfer simultaneously. The results showed that viscous resistance has by far the highest impact on the power densities in high current densities while thicker inserted porous layer improves the performance. Results also demonstrate that a parameter is needed to consider all these output parameters at the same time, hence the Evaluation Criterion of Proton Exchange Membrane (ECPEM) is defined using artificial neural network (ANN) modeling. Single-objective optimization of the ECPEM is developed using the ANN models to produce 250,000 data. The optimum value of ECPEM was obtained 78.88 in the thickness of 500 μ m and the viscous resistance of 2,111,000 ( 1 m 2 ) while the current density is equal to 0.65 ( A / c m 2 ).