Effects Of Training Research Articles

Optimizing credit card fraud detection: a deep learning approach to imbalanced datasets

Imbalanced datasets pose a significant challenge in credit card fraud detection, hindering the training effectiveness of models due to the scarcity of fraudulent cases. This study addresses the critical problem of data imbalance through an in-depth exploration of techniques, including cross-entropy loss minimization, weighted optimization, and synthetic minority oversampling technique-based resampling, coupled with deep neural networks (DNNs). The urgent need to combat class imbalances in credit card fraud datasets is underscored, emphasizing the creation of reliable detection models. The research method delves into the application of DNNs, strategically optimizing and resampling the dataset to enhance model performance. The study employs a dataset from October 2018, containing 284,807 transactions, with a mere 492 classified as fraudulent. Various resampling techniques, such as undersampling and SMOTE oversampling, are evaluated alongside weighted optimization. The results showcase the effectiveness of SMOTE oversampling, achieving an accuracy of 99.83% without any false negatives. The study concludes by advocating for flexible strategies, integrating cutting-edge machine learning methods, and developing adaptive defenses to safeguard against emerging financial risks in credit card fraud detection.

The effect of pregnancy pilates-assisted childbirth preparation training on urinary incontinence and birth outcomes: a randomized-controlled study.

To examine the effect of pregnancy pilates-assisted birth preparation training on urinary incontinence (UI) including stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and urge urinary incontinence (UUI) during pregnancy, and the postpartum period and birth outcomes. In this single-center, single-blind, randomized, controlled study, 126 participants who have 28-30weeks of gestation and nulliparous were randomly assigned to receive either the (n = 63) or control group (n = 63). The study was carried out between March and August 2022. Pregnancy pilates intervention was applied twice in a week, a total of 8 weeks to pilates group. The control group was given routine obstetric and pregnancy care. A personal data form and the Michigan Incontinence Severity Index Form (M-ISI) were used as data collection tools. The mean weight gains of the experimental group during pregnancy were significantly lower than the control group. The experimental group had almost twice the rate of vaginal birth than those of the control group. The duration of labor mean score of experimental group was 5 h and 43min less than the duration of labor of the control group (p < 0.001). After intervention, and postpartum period, the SUI and UUI severity of the experimental group was significantly lower than those of the control group (p < 0.001). Pilates-assisted childbirth preparation training reduced the severity of UI including SUI and UUI symptoms during pregnancy and the early postpartum. In addition, pilates-assisted childbirth preparation training contributes to decrease in weight gain during pregnancy, the increase in the vaginal birth rate, and the shortening of the duration of labor. NCT06185439.

Effects of neurofeedback training on the alpha activity in quantitative electroencephalography, cognitive function, and speech perception in elderly with presbycusis: a quasi-experimental study

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the effects of neurofeedback training (NFT) on alpha activity in quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG), cognitive function, and speech perception in elderly with presbycusis.MethodsThis study was conducted from June 15 to November 30, 2020. The experimental group (n = 28) underwent NFT, while the control group (n = 31) was instructed to continue with their routine daily life. The NFT conducted for 40 min, two times a week, for a total of 16 sessions and was performed using Neuroharmony S and BrainHealth 2.7. The alpha activity was measured as alpha waves using QEEG. The cognitive function was measured using the Korean version of Mini-Mental Status Examination, digit span forward and backward (DSF and DSB). The speech perception was measured using the word and sentence recognition score (WRS and SRS) using an audiometer with the Korean Standard Monosyllabic Word Lists for Adults.ResultsThe experimental group demonstrated improvement in the alpha wave of the left frontal lobe measured as alpha activity (t=-2.521, p = .018); MMSE-K (t=-3.467, p < .01), and DSF (t=-2.646, p < .05) measured as cognitive function; and WRS (t=-3.255, p = .003), and SRS (t=-2.851, p = .008) measured as speech perception compared to the control group.ConclusionsThis study suggests that NFT could be considered an effective cognitive and auditory rehabilitation method based on brain and cognitive science for improving alpha activity, cognitive function, and speech perception.

PREDICTIVE POWER OF SELF-EFFICACY, FAMILIARITY WITH TRAINING CONTENT ON JOB PERFORMANCE: MODERATING EFFECT OF TRAINING EFFECTIVENESS IN OMAN’S HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

The higher education institutions (HEIs) in Oman have witnessed rapid development over the last decade; and yet, the quality of their training programs programmes has not yielded the anticipated results. The desired outcome, which failed to meet expectations, pertains to the effectiveness of these programs in enhancing employee job performance. This study aims to investigate the influence of self- efficacy, trainee familiarity with training content and employees’ performance in Oman’s higher education sector. Additionally, the study explores the moderating effect of training effectiveness on employee’s performance. The researcher examined 184 academics as well as administrative employees that participated in a training program sponsored by Takatuf, a consulting firm responsible for assessing, training, and developing employees in Oman. Results indicated that self-efficacy and familiarity with training content contribute to high employee job performance in the country’s HEIs, confirming the significant moderating role of training effectiveness in this relationship. Furthermore, the study suggests two implications for human resource practices. First, it is crucial for managers to provide comprehensive training-related information aimed at increasing self- efficacy before the actual training program. Second, HR managers and individuals can jointly improve the performance effectiveness by creating suitable methods for fostering self-efficacy. The findings suggest that organizations can enhance job performance and reduce turnover intention intentions by improving the effectiveness of training programs for employees. There is limited research linking self-efficacy, training effectiveness, and job performance in HEIs, particularly within member countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). This research contributes to the expansion of theoretical and managerial doctrines regarding the relationships among the identified variables. Therefore, this research represents a unique attempt to determine the effectiveness of training programs in HEIs grappling with transitional challenges.

The Influence of Individual Characteristics, Training, Employee Performance, and Job Placement on PT. Bank BNI Medan

This study uses work placement at PT. Bank Negara Indonesia Medan as an intervening variable to identify and assess the direct and indirect effects of individual characteristics and training on employee performance. Associative research is the study of associations. Primary data are the kind used. The general population of this study included 150 permanent workers at PT. Bank Negara Indonesia Medan.. Data analysis was done by employing the Path analysis, using the SPSS software. The results of this research indicated that individual traits have a direct, positive, and significant impact on whether an applicant is hired, training has a direct, positive, and significant impact on whether an applicant is hired, and traits have a direct, positive, and significant impact on whether an applicant is hired. Keywords: individual characteristics, training, job placement, employee performance

The Effectiveness of Familiar Auditory Sensory Training (FAST) in Increasing Consciousness Levels among Stroke Patients

Stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide, along with myocardial infarction and cancer. Stroke often results in loss of consciousness and neurological deficits that affect sensory perception. To support recovery, non-pharmacological therapies like auditory sensory stimulation are crucial. Familiar Auditory Sensory Training (FAST) is one such intervention. This study assessed the effectiveness of FAST in improving consciousness levels in stroke patients using a one-group pretest-posttest design. It involved 35 stroke patients aged 35-75, who were selected through purposive sampling and underwent three FAST sessions. Consciousness levels were measured using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) before and after the intervention. Data analysis with the Wilcoxon rank test at α=0.05 revealed a significant increase in consciousness from a mean of 6.77 to 10.83 post-intervention (p=0.001), demonstrating FAST's effectiveness in enhancing consciousness in ICU stroke patients.

The effect of virtual reality on the breastfeeding process: a randomized controlled study.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of breastfeeding training given with virtual reality (VR) to postpartum mothers after cesarean section delivery on breastfeeding success and breastfeeding self-efficacy. The research was designed as a prospective randomized controlled study. In total, 66 women were included in the study, with 31 in the control group and 35 in the intervention group. The study included mothers who had no vision or hearing impairments and no neurological disorder, who had received breastfeeding counseling during pregnancy, and who had given birth by cesarean delivery to a healthy baby. The control group received standard breastfeeding training while the intervention group watched a breastfeeding video with VR in the 4th and 24th hours after cesarean delivery. Research data were collected with the sociodemographic information form, LATCH Breastfeeding Charting System and Documentation Tool and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. As a result of the research, the women in the intervention group were found to have higher mean scores for the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale in the 4th and 24th hours compared to the control group. Mean LATCH scores were also higher in the intervention group compared to the control group. There were linear correlations between the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale scores and LATCH Scale scores. Breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding success of mothers who received breastfeeding training with VR at 4th and 24th hours after cesarean delivery were higher than mothers who received standard breastfeeding training. NCT06256822.

Effectiveness of Child and Infant Airway Management Training for Midwifery Students in Jambi

Choking often occurs in children and babies which causes airway obstruction, either partial airway obstruction or total airway obstruction. If help is not given immediately, it can result in death in children and babies. This research was conducted to determine the level of knowledge and skills of midwifery students in airway management in infants and children with airway obstruction due to choking. The research aims to determine students' knowledge and skills in airway management in infants and children with choking cases using a comparative research method, namely assessing knowledge before and after being given training, the sample used was 36 respondents, and the results showed an increase in students' knowledge after being given training with a value The pretest average for knowledge was 51.72% to 86.14%, while for skills there was an increase in knowledge after the test, with an average score of 93.31%. The conclusion is that this training can have an impact on increasing students' knowledge and skills so that when students practice and find cases of airway obstruction, they can do it as optimally as possible.

Let UNet Play an Adversarial Game: Investigating the Effect of Adversarial Training in Enhancing Low-Resolution MRI.

Adversarial training has attracted much attention in enhancing the visual realism of images, but its efficacy in clinical imaging has not yet been explored. This work investigated adversarial training in a clinical context, by training 206 networks on the OASIS-1 dataset for improving low-resolution and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) magnetic resonance images. Each network corresponded to a different combination of perceptual and adversarial loss weights and distinct learning rate values. For each perceptual loss weighting, we identified its corresponding adversarial loss weighting that minimized structural disparity. Each optimally weighted adversarial loss yielded an average SSIM reduction of 1.5%. We further introduced a set of new metrics to assess other clinically relevant image features: Gradient Error (GE) to measure structural disparities; Sharpness to compute edge clarity; and Edge-Contrast Error (ECE) to quantify any distortion of the pixel distribution around edges. Including adversarial loss increased structural enhancement in visual inspection, which correlated with statistically consistent GE reductions (p-value << 0.05). This also resulted in increased Sharpness; however, the level of statistical significance was dependent on the perceptual loss weighting. Additionally, adversarial loss yielded ECE reductions for smaller perceptual loss weightings, while showing non-significant increases (p-value >> 0.05) when these weightings were higher, demonstrating that the increased Sharpness does not adversely distort the pixel distribution around the edges in the image. These studies clearly suggest that adversarial training significantly improves the performance of an MRI enhancement pipeline, and highlights the need for systematic studies of hyperparameter optimization and investigation of alternative image quality metrics.

Remote and in-person Pilates impact on the quality of life of older adults: A controlled and randomized clinical trial

IntroductionSedentary behavior and physical inactivity pose significant concerns for the elderly population due to their detrimental effects on physical autonomy and quality of life. The Pilates method practiced remotely on the ground may be a promising option to enhance the quality of life for older adults. ObjectiveTo compare the effects of remote and in-person Pilates solo training on older adults' quality of life (QOL) through a controlled and randomized clinical trial. MethodologyElderly individuals aged 60 to 70 were assigned to three groups: remote training (RT), in-person training (IT), and a control group (CG). The effect size was calculated, and comparisons were conducted using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) with a Bonferroni complementary test (α = 0.05). ResultsAll groups showed improvement in most QOL domains. However, the IT group exhibited a more significant effect size in the physical, psychological, social relationships, autonomy, death, and dying domains, as well as total scores compared to the RT group. ConclusionPilates practiced solo, whether in-person or remotely, enhances various aspects of older adults' quality of life. Nevertheless, in-person training demonstrates superiority for these outcomes.

The Effects of Untact Training on Health Fitness, Lipid Metabolism, and Psychological Factors Across Different Life Stages: A Non-systematic Domestic Review of the Literature

The Effects of Untact Training on Health Fitness, Lipid Metabolism, and Psychological Factors Across Different Life Stages: A Non-systematic Domestic Review of the Literature

Experimental Study on the Effect of Pilates Training on the Correction of O-shaped Legs in College Students

This study investigates the corrective effects of Pilates training on O-shaped legs among university students. Thirty-two students from the University of Malaya participated in a 10-week Pilates program. The study employed a quantitative approach with pre- and post-intervention measurements to assess changes in knee gap and muscle strength. Results indicated significant improvements in both natural and active knee gaps, suggesting that Pilates effectively strengthens the muscles responsible for leg alignment. The study also found gender and location differences, with males and urban students showing greater knee gap reductions. The sustainability of these improvements was confirmed, with no significant regression observed two weeks post-intervention. This research highlights the potential of Pilates as a non-invasive intervention for postural and musculoskeletal issues, particularly among young adults prone to such problems due to sedentary lifestyles. These findings have significant implications for physical education and rehabilitation, advocating for the integration of Pilates into training regimens to enhance overall physical well-being. Future research should explore the long-term effects and broader applications of Pilates.

Effects of combined aerobic and resistance training on the inflammatory profile of children with overweight/obesity: A randomized clinical trial.

We assessed the effects of a 20-week combined (aerobic and resistance) exercise training programme on the inflammatory profile of prepubertal children with overweight or obesity. Totally 109 participants (10.1 ± 1.1 years, 41% girls) were randomly allocated to an exercise or control group. Adiponectin, C-reactive protein, epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, leptin, tumour necrosis factor-α and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) were analysed in plasma. Total white blood cell (WBC) count and immune subpopulations (eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes) were also determined. No intervention effect was found for any of the analysed biomarkers (all p ≥ 0.05). We observed a significant sex by intervention interaction for IL-1β (p = 0.03). When stratifying the sample by sex, the exercise programme induced a significant effect on IL-1β levels (mean Z-score difference, 0.66 [95% confidence interval 0.32-1.01]) in girls, but not in boys. A lower number of girls in the exercise group showed a meaningful reduction in IL-1β (i.e., ≥0.2 standard deviations) than in the control group (15% vs. 85%, p = 0.01). This exercise programme failed to improve the inflammatory profile in prepubertal children with overweight/obesity. Future studies should explore the effect of longer exercise interventions and in combination with diet.

Effects of concurrent training on glycemic and vascular parameters among patients with T2DM-associated Peripheral Artery Disease.

To evaluate the effects of CT to improve HbA1C and ABI among the T2DM-associated PAD population. A randomized, single-blinded, two-arm trial was conducted at the Department of Rehabilitation Sciences of Dr. Ziauddin Hospital in Karachi between July to September 2023. A total of 80 T2DM-associated PAD patients were included and randomly divided into Experimental Group (n=40) and Control Group (n=40), using the sealed envelope method. Experimental group patients received Concurrent Training (CT), whereas Control Group patients underwent Aerobic Training (AT) for 12 weeks. Both groups received thirty-minute sessions three times a week that was progressed to 60 minutes over 12 weeks. HbA1C and ABI were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. Analysis revealed an average age of 46.75±3.59 and the duration of T2DM for developing PAD is 14.82±2.23 on average. Findings revealed that both training groups were significantly effective (p<0.000) at 95% CI in improving glycemic and vascular parameters after 12 weeks. Subsequently, findings showed that the CT group showed more significant improvement than AT group in improving HbA1C for glycemic control (p=0.002, CT: pre: 9.53±1.406, post: 7.81±0.81, AT: pre: 8.74±0.908, post: 8.15±0.83) and ABI for systemic blood flow (p=0.0001, CT: pre: 0.84±0.03, post: 0.94±0.03, AT: pre: 0.82±0.02, post: 0.86±0.02). CT showed a two-fold improvement in glycemic control and arterial blood flow than AT group, which represents that CT is an effective therapeutic approach for T2DM-associated Fontain's stage IIa PAD rehabilitation.

The Effects of Kinesio Taping and Kettlebell Training on Shoulder Isokinetic Muscle Strength and Pitching Speed of Amateur Baseball Players

The Effects of Kinesio Taping and Kettlebell Training on Shoulder Isokinetic Muscle Strength and Pitching Speed of Amateur Baseball Players

The Effect of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Quadriceps Activity After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial

The Effect of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Quadriceps Activity After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial

Physiological mechanisms of exercise related to prevention and treatment of breast cancer: A review

Background: Considering limitations related to intensity, duration, and mode of exercise and possible physiological mechanisms, this study aimed to summarize the physiological mechanisms emphasizing inflammation, angiogenesis, and immunology of different exercises related to prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Methods: In the current review study, different platforms were analyzed including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Research Gate as well as Iranian databases such as Scientific Information Database (SID) and Magiran. The data was reviewed until May 2024. Search keywords included “exercise", "sport”, “physical exercise”, “intensity, training”, “breast cancer”, “inflammation”, “angiogenesis”,” immunology”, and “physiological mechanisms”. Results: Among several proposed mechanisms, inflammation, immunity and angiogenesis have been mentioned as important indices but there are ambiguities regarding the influence of different intensities and durations of exercise on breast cancer prevention and treatment. Other effective factors such as the effect of exercise on gene regulation and some other mechanisms have been proposed as possible mediators. Conclusion: According to some previous studies, aerobic exercise induces positive effects on preventing and treating breast cancer through reducing inflammation, improving angiogenesis, and enhancing immunological mechanisms. Regarding duration and intensity, long term regular exercise (&gt;8 weeks), in the form of aerobic and especially high intensity interval training (HIIT) reduces inflammation. while the effect of short-term exercise training is not clear yet and high intensity exercise may induce suppressing effects on the immune system. Therefore, the effect of intensity and duration of exercise on physiological mechanisms must be clarified.

The Effect of Sentence Structure Training on the Progress of Chinese Children with Autism in English Grammar Acquisition

This research proposal aim to examine grammatical training on children with ASD and its impact on their language ability and communication skills. Data will be collected by an experiment in a real-life classroom environment setting. Experimental group and control group are set to compare the impact of sentence structure training to children with Autism Spectrum Disorder on their grammatical acquisition and English language development. A pre-test includes 20 grammatical questions will be given to the students before the beginning of the experiment in order to assess the baseline of students grammar ability. A post-test includes anther 20 grammatical questions which has same difficulty but different questions will be used at the end of the training period which aims to examine the result of the sentence training sessions. The data collection will be used to evaluate how and to what extent sentence structure training on the progress of Chinese children with Autism in their English grammar acquisition. The result of this research proposal is expected to provide information to the further language development of special groups of children.

Multiple object tracking training affects the executive function in basketball players: the role of instant feedback

BackgroundThe present study aims to investigate the potential impact of eight sessions of Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) training on the executive function in basketball players. The purpose of the study was primarily to observe the effects of MOT training with and without feedback on the executive function of basketball players.MethodsA sample of fifty-eight participants was selected from college students enrolled in a university basketball special selection class. The participants were divided into three equal groups. The first group received MOT training with instant feedback and was called feedback group, the second group received MOT training without instant feedback and was called no feedback group, and the third group did not receive any intervention and was called control group.ResultsAfter eight sessions of MOT training, feedback group demonstrated the best performance in the Go/No-go task and the 3-back task. After eight sessions of MOT training, there was no significant difference in test scores on the Stroop task between the feedback and no feedback groups. There was also no significant difference in test scores between the feedback and no feedback groups on the 2-back task after eight sessions of MOT training. The findings of this study suggest that MOT training can effectively enhance the executive function of basketball players.ConclusionsMOT training was found to enhance the executive function of basketball players, irrespective of whether they received instant feedback. However, the feedback group exhibited superior improvements in the Go/No-go task and the 3-back task.

Effects of high-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on vascular function among individuals with overweight and obesity-a systematic review.

The study aimed to investigate and systematically review the evidence relating to the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on vascular function such as arterial diameter, arterial stiffness, pulse wave velocity, blood flow, etc. in individuals with overweight and obesity. The entire content of PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, SPORT Discus® (via EBSCO host), CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched. Only experimental research studies conducted in adult participants aged ≥18 years, published in English before January 2023 were included. A total of 5397 studies were reviewed for the title and abstract with 11 studies being included for data extraction. The review resulted in a total of 346 individuals with overweight and obesity with body mass index (BMI) ranging between 25-36 kg/m2. HIIT and MICT intensities resulted in 85%-95% and 60%-70% maximal heart rate (MHR) respectively. Seven out of 11 studies showed some concerns about the overall risk of bias. Six of 11 studies reported improving vascular function following HIIT than MICT. HIIT is a more effective and time-efficient exercise for enhancing vascular functions in individuals with overweight and obesity, leading to improvements in flow-mediated dilation by 3.9% and arterial diameter by 4.8%, compared to MICT.