Effective Safety Management System Research Articles

An integrated approach to ensuring an effective occupational health and safety management system

An integrated approach to ensuring an effective occupational health and safety management system

Fatality risk management: Applying Quinlan’s Ten Pathways in Western Australia’s mining industry

In ‘Ten Pathways to Death and Disaster’ Professor Michael Quinlan (2014) identified a series of ten common catastrophic incident risk factors, known as the Ten Pathways, contributing to major incidents in mining and other high hazard industries. This study applies the Quinlan methodology in two separate phases. The first phase of the study explored employee perception of employer effectiveness of fatality prevention against each of the Ten Pathways through a questionnaire of n = 2009 participants at the 2017–2019 Western Australian Government Mines Safety Roadshows. Respondents generally perceived their employer as having a relatively good understanding of the role of risk assessments and their importance in preventing injuries yet perceived their employers as generally ineffective in management system auditing. In the second phase of the study, 71 fatality reports on the Western Australian Government Department of Mines Fatalities register were assessed to identify the Ten Pathways involved in the fatality. The analysis identified fatalities typically included four or five of the Ten Pathways, although none of the investigations analysed all Ten Pathways. A combined assessment of employee perceptions of employer’s effectiveness at fatality prevention and pathways present in the Mines Fatalities register identified which Quinlan Ten Pathways mining organisations should prioritise for fatality prevention. It is recommended that benchmarking safety performance, incident investigations, and reviews of effectiveness of safety management systems include an examination and verification of the organisation’s response to Ten Pathways, a relatively straight forward task which may highlight latent issues or weaknesses that may otherwise remain undetected.

Analysis of the dangerous factors related to food products in a retail establishment

In accordance with the current legislation of Ukraine, retail establishments must develop, implement, and apply permanent procedures based on the principles of hazard analysis and control at critical points, and provide appropriate training on the application of permanent procedures based on the principles of HACCP; persons responsible for these procedures during the production and circulation of food products. The purpose of the study is to analyse foodrelated hazards in retail establishments. The study used methods of analysing internet resources, scientometric databases, in particular, Scopus and Web of Science, and regulatory documents on the food safety management system. Food safety hazards can occur at any stage of the food chain. Therefore, proper control throughout the entire food chain is essential. In the course of the study, adapted recommendations for network use were developed in the form of a HACCP book, which contains four volumes: Basic provisions, Basic programmes-prerequisites, HACCP Group, and HACCP plan (Production). Another method for determining the substantiality of hazardous factors is also proposed. In general, it is established that the implementation of HACCP principles ensures both the safety of culinary products and contributes to the development of trade enterprises. The process of production of culinary products becomes safe, the staff adheres to sanitary and hygienic standards; the confidence of visitors in the quality and safety of food consumed increases the rating of the institution; the detection of possible violations in case of inspections is practically excluded; the institution acquires a marketing advantage in the conditions of modern competition. Hazard analysis is important for an effective food safety management system because its implementation helps in streamlining the knowledge needed to establish an effective set of management measures and implement integrated quality systems

“Vision Zero” Concept as a Tool for the Effective Occupational Safety Management System Formation in JSC “SUEK-Kuzbass”

At present, in Russia, as in many countries, the issues of reducing industrial injuries, as well as increasing the effectiveness of measures taken by employers in the field of industrial safety and introducing a culture of safe work, are widely discussed. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that Russia is a participant in the Vision Zero campaign, founded by the International Social Security Association (ISSA) and the Institution of Occupational Safety and Health (IOSH). The article discusses the history of the emergence and development of the Vision Zero strategy from the corporate to the international level, provides the goals and objectives of the concept of “zero injuries”, studies the indicators of its implementation, and analyzes injuries at coal enterprises of the Russian Federation. As a result, a methodology for solving the tasks in the form of a list of necessary measures and target indicators of their achievement was proposed based on the example of one of the largest coal companies—JSC “SUEK-Kuzbass”. Based on the results of studies, the main conclusion has been formulated—the “Vision Zero” concept is an effective tool to promote an effective occupational safety management system.

Improving the Safety-Performance Nexus: A Study on the Moderating and Mediating Influence of Work Motivation in the Causal Link between Occupational Health and Safety Management (OHSM) Practices and Work Performance in the Oil and Gas Sector.

The preventive systems required to ensure workers are protected from occupational accidents and injuries dwell heavily on effective occupational health and safety management (OHSM) systems and practices. In this study, the concepts of the job demand-resource model (JD-R), self-determination theory (SDT), and perceived organizational support for safety (POSS) theory were adopted to develop a holistic conceptual model that seeks to unravel moderating and mediating effects of work motivation on the causal link between OHSM practices and work performance in the oil and gas sector. The study measured OHSM practices from six distinct safety dimensional perspectives and work performance using a two-dimensional distinct construct that assesses different aspects of positive work behaviours. A quantitative research approach through the structural equation modelling analysis technique was applied. A total of 1310 participants were selected across three major organizations that represent downstream, upstream, and middle stream of the Ghanaian oil and gas sector. Respondents were recruited through stratified, purposive, and convenient sampling techniques. The findings from the path estimate through the SEM analysis suggested that OHSM practices positively and significantly influenced both safety performance and task performance of employees. However, OHSM practices indicated a higher positive significant influence on task performance than safety performance. The significant influence of OHSM practices on both task and safety performance was significantly moderated and partially mediated by work motivation, while both task performance and safety performance were significantly determined by work motivation. In this study, the dimensions for assessing work performance extend the performance theories established in previous literature, whereas the integrated multifaceted OHSM practices employed diverge from the traditional individualistic approach by providing insights into more flexible managerial practices that are employee-centred and outcome-oriented. The findings from this study address the need for organizations to appreciate the importance of managing workers’ perception of OHSM practices as a motivational drive that induces work performance.

Exploring Listeria monocytogenes perceptions in small and medium sized food manufacturers: Technical leaders' perceptions of risk, control and responsibility

Due to its ability to colonize, grow and form in niches in food manufacturing environments, the management of Listeria monocytogenes can be complex, particularly for food manufacturing small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). In addition to an effective food safety management system, the perceptions of risk, control and responsibility within a food manufacturing business are important influential factors associated with the management of L. monocytogenes. Research exploring managerial perspectives of L. monocytogenes in food manufacturer SMEs is lacking. Consequently, this study conducted in-depth interviews (n = 10) with technical leaders from food manufacturing SMEs to ascertain factors that may influence listeria management, such as factors associated with cultural dimensions. Perceived risks associated with L. monocytogenes were related to business reputation and consumer health impacts, but such events were perceived to be unlikely. Technical leaders reported having clearly defined and well executed processes to ensure food safety; but for some, L. monocytogenes, as a single pathogen was seldom considered. Despite acknowledging that “everyone” had responsibility for ensuring control of the pathogen, technical leaders indicated that the ‘people’ attributes associated with organisational culture were difficult factors to control and manage. Trust in staff ability to assure food safety was widely discussed, with technical leaders acknowledging that food handlers may not necessarily have specific knowledge regarding L. monocytogenes. Some technical leaders perceived themselves as having the greatest levels of responsibility for L. monocytogenes. Overall, technical leaders perceived a medium level of risk, with high levels of control and high levels of responsibility for L. monocytogenes. Optimistic bias, illusion of invulnerability, illusion of control, and perceived attribution of responsibility are discussed, which may hinder implementation of effective listeria management in SME food manufacturing businesses. Consideration of specific pathogen risks in food manufacture in relation to food safety cultural dimensions may assist development of highly targeted and effective interventions.

Occupational Safety and Health Education in Post-Secondary Career and Technical Education Construction Programs

Construction is one of the most dangerous industries in the US. Career and Technical Education (CTE) programs are important settings in which new construction workers can learn about Occupational Safety and Health (OSH). CTE programs are sometimes the only place where these workers will encounter such training. We set out to examine the quality of OSH education received by students in post-secondary CTE construction programs by conducting a surv ey of instructors teaching in these programs across the country . The goal was to learn the extent to which previously identified" essential elements necessary for providing effective safety and health education" are spread across these programs. Our findings show instructors in these programs prioritize hands-on training, make efforts to stay current in best practices in safety and health, and regularly update their curricula. We also found that instructors need more training on effectively teaching safety and health to more meaningfully integrate such content into their trade skill courses. Finally, we found that instructors need to better model effective safety and health management systems within their classrooms to help keep students safe and set students' expectations for safe work when they enter their chosen trade.

Analysis and Forecast of Mining Accidents in Pakistan

In the mining sector, the barrier to obtain an efficient safety management system is the unavailability of future information regarding the accidents. This paper aims to use the auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, for the first time, to evaluate the underlying causes that affect the safety management system corresponding to the number of accidents and fatalities in the surface and underground mining in Pakistan. The original application of the ARIMA model provides that how the number of accidents and fatalities is influenced by the implementation of various approaches to promote an effective safety management system. The ARIMA model requires the data series of the predicted elements with a random pattern over time and produce an equation. After the model identification, it may forecast the future pattern of the events based on its existing and future values. In this research work, the accident data for the period of 2006-2019-is collected from Inspectorate of Mines and Minerals (Pakistan), Mine Workers Federation, and newspapers in order to evaluate the long-term forecast. The results obtained reveal that ARIMA (2, 1, 0) is a suitable model for both the mining accidents and the workers’ fatalities. The number of accidents and fatalities are forecasted from 2020 to 2025. The results obtained suggest that the policy-makers should take a systematic consideration by evaluating the possible risks associated with an increased number of accidents and fatalities, and develop a safe and effective working platform.

Investigation and Analysis of a Hazardous Chemical Accident in the Process Industry: Triggers, Roots, and Lessons Learned

This paper performs an in-depth investigation and analysis on a catastrophic hazardous chemical accident involving domino effects in China based on an emerging accident causation model—the 24Model. The triggers and roots of the incident from the individual and organizational levels have been identified and several useful lessons have been summarized to avoid similar mistakes. This accident began with a leak of vinyl chloride caused by the failure of the gas holder’s bell housing and the operators’ mishandling. Leaked vinyl chloride was ignited by a high-temperature device in the process of diffusion and the fire quickly spread to the illegally parked vehicles. Several organizations were involved in this accident, and the chemical company should bear the main responsibility for it, and shall establish and implement an effective safety management system in its organizational structure and staffing, facilities management, hazards identification, emergency disposal, etc., to improve safety performance in a systematic way. Enterprises in the chemical industry park shall enhance the communication to clarify major hazard installations in their domains, and conduct regular safety evaluation for the plant as the external environment changed. Government agencies shall plan the layout of the chemical industry park scientifically and ensure safety starts with the design stage. The case study provides a practical procedure for accident investigation and analysis, and thus, preventive measures can be made according to the various causations at different levels.

STRUCTURIZATION AND MODELLING OF TECHNICAL DEVICES OF HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION FACILITIES

Every year, the problem of industrial safety is becoming increasingly relevant. The effective industrial safety management system (ISMS) organization becomes especially important for nuclear energy, chemical, petrochemical, oil and gas, mining, metallurgical industries, coal mines and other industries, including enterprises with hazardous production facilities (HPF). Any violation of operating modes, unaccounted technological and operational defects can lead to serious consequences and accidents, accompanied by significant material costs and technological disasters. An important place among the problems of industrial safety is the problem of trouble-free operation of technical devices (units, machines and mechanisms, technical systems and complexes, technological equipment, instruments and apparatus) of hazardous production facilities. However, existing approaches to solving this problem have limited application. The article proposes an effective solving method of the problem based on the use of graph models. The advantage of such modelling is the simplicity, clarity and ease of mathematical algorithmization of the studied production processes and technical systems.

RISK MANAGEMENT IN AIR NAVIGATION SERVICES

The need to develop and adopt legal standards for safety management was identified at the Conference of General Directors of Civil Aviation dedicated to the global strategy of aviation safety (Montreal, March 20-22, 2006) and additionally supported by the recommendations of the Safety Conference (Montreal, March 29 - April 1, 2010). The year 2006 saw the introduction of issues related to the safety management system to the Convention’s annexes. The existing fundamental rules related to SMS were included in the annexes: 1 - Personnel licensing, 6 - Operation of Aircraft, 8 - Airworthiness of Aircraft, 11 - Air Traffic Services, 13 - Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation, and 14 - Aerodromes. In addition, due to the dynamic development of aviation and, at the same time, the growing need to create the highest standards in the field of safety management systems, the Air Navigation Commission established the Safety Management Panel (SMP) to develop the content of Annex 19. After several years of reconciliation and consultation, this document was finally adopted by the ICAO Council in 2013. It has become the ipso facto document that provides the basis for creating an effective safety management system, as it is compatible and also adapted to the most effective practices indicated in the ICAO Doc 9859 Safety Management Manual. Annex 19 sets out the responsibility of States, the safety management system and the collection of information related to safety. The National Civil Aviation Safety Programme and the structure of this system were also dealt with. The whole idea is to support states in the process of hazard identification and risk management. The purpose of the article was: to highlight selected elements of the risk management process in a practical dimension, to present the principles for assessing the degree of risk by an air navigation service provider, and to identify ways of improving this process. Searching for an answer to the main research problem contributed to achieving this goal. The research problem was expressed in the form of a question: How does the air navigation service provider manage the risk under the air traffic safety management system in order to achieve compliance with regulatory requirements and to achieve the assumed parameters (indicators) in the area of safety? With regard to the main research problem, the following research hypotheses were formulated: 1. I believe that an air navigation service provider undertakes an assessment of the degree of possible danger in civil aviation to identify hazards in air traffic as part of a safety management system. 2. I suppose that the air navigation service provider manages the risk in a manner consistent with the provisions of law and by using procedures included in normative documents.

Fire Safety Protection and Prevention Measures in Nigeria Office Buildings

office buildings are generally known to have high-rise of fire due to its complexity, combustible materials, and its economic value. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the fire safety protection and prevention system installed in six randomly selected office buildings. The method adopted in achieving the study objective includes literature review, interview, and physical inspection/observation. Thus, a multiattribute evaluation approach was adopted to establish adequate, inadequate, and no fire safety systems, used the pre-designed checklist from NFPA, 2008, NBC, 2006, and NFSC, 2013. The analysis of the result shows that some of the fire safety systems are mainly provided in the buildings. Thus, inadequate maintenance affect their performance greatly; the result shows that fire extinguisher has the highest performance among the fire safety system provided with 66.6% of the buildings have adequate, good working condition, properly position, etc., while 33.4% of the building does not have adequate fire extinguisher in term of performance, are not maintenance the system display lack in term of total compliance to the standard fire regulation. The results of the other systems were as follows: place of safety (33.4%); inadequate, (66.4%) no fire safety system, (0.00%) adequate, Escape Stair (0.00%), adequate, (33.4%) inadequate, (66.6%), no fire safety system, Fire Door (17%) adequate, (83%) inadequate (0.00%) no fire safety system, Travel distance (0.00%) adequate, (83%) inadequate, (17%) no fire system, Emergency lighting (0.00%) adequate, (100%) inadequate, (0.00%) no fire safety system, Fire Alarm (16.6%) adequate (66.6%) inadequate, (16.6%) no fire safety system. The firefighters access (0.00%) adequate, (100%) inadequate, (0.00%) no fire safety system, Artificial lighting (17%) adequate, (83%) inadequate and (0.00%) no fire safety system. Judging from the findings, the study recommended that, regular maintenance of fire safety system should be done to enhance effective functionality of the systems, effective fire safety management system should be developed to enhance continuous functions of the installed system and construction of any office building should be made to comply strictly with existing fire safety regulation, standard, and code.

Patient Referral As a Quality Outcome of Occupational Health Practice At The Workplace in Turkey

Objective: In the determination of the Workplace Health and Safety management system effectiveness, the rates of the occupational diseases, accidents or work-related diseases are the most commonly used outcome indicators. Occupational physicians OP may decide on consultation with various indications including diagnosis of occupational disease. Aims: The content of the referral from the workplace affects the accuracy of the consultation to be done. Methods: This study evaluates the contents of the referral documents of the patients who applied to our clinic and analyzes the approach of the OP to the referral process and health surveillance in the workplace. Results: 412 32% cases referred by OP from 1288 patients who applied were evaluated. The most common reasons for the referral were abnormal diagnostic test results 43% and evaluation for the possible occupational disease diagnosis 35% . The preliminary diagnosis of the occupational disease was present in the 55.3% of the referral documents. Most of the referrals 82.5% did not contain the information about the complaints, medical and occupational history, physical examination findings and resume of the patients. There was no workplace environment measurements 93.4% and no explanation regarding the hazards which patients were exposed in the workplace 74% in most of the referral documents. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that OP have deficiencies in collecting and evaluating data during the health surveillance of the employees, and workplace health and safety management system should improve the function of enhancing its effectiveness

Influence of Leadership Practices on Organizational Safety Performance

This study analyzes the reasons why leadership does not influence the counteraction to incidents (through the implementation of safety systems and technology), which cause serious injuries or deaths in US oil and gas companies. The modified Delphi method summarizes eight oil and gas industry experts’ consensus on how leadership can reduce workplace incidents and improve organizational safety performance. The study selects eight safety specialists and leadership experts in executive positions in the US oil and gas industry, who participated in three rounds of discussions regarding the impact of leadership practices on the effectiveness of the safe conditions and were interviewed through a series of questionnaires. The study identifies five key aspects that can help improve the safety process efficiency in the company and provide the basis for future research: empowering employees to stop dangerous operations; formation of effective health, safety and environmental management system; employees’ involvement in the formation of organizational safety initiatives, the creation of corporate culture in the company, the use of consistent behavior patterns in promoting safety improvements across the organization. The study concludes that preventing incidents and improving safety performance in an organization requires effective coordination of the five components, which, according to the experts’ evaluations are the most important in terms of organization development. Therefore, leaders and practitioners in this field, who often face safety performance challenges, should apply a safety ecosystem approach to prevent incidents from occurring and improve safety performance within their businesses. The study results contribute towards a deeper understanding of how organizational management can apply existing knowledge on compliance with safe working conditions to prevent incidents in the company using different strategies to counteract them. The study identifies the main limitations related to the use of the modified Delphi method. They include the difficulties in determining the optimal sample size and attracting a sufficient number of study participants. The second limitation is that due to fewer participants, the conclusion from the study represents the views of the participants which may vary if a sufficiently large number of participants took part in the study. Keywords: Incident Prevention, Leadership, Management System, Organizational Culture, Safety Culture.

Assessing Cultural Drivers of Safety Resilience in a Collegiate Aviation Program

Organizational safety resilience is a key factor in sustaining an effective safety management system (SMS) in high-reliability organizations (HROs) such as aviation. Extant research advocates for monitoring, assessing and continuously improving safety in an organization that has a fully-functional SMS. Safety resilience provides a buffer against vulnerabilities. Extant research also suggests a paucity in terms of a measurement framework for organizational safety resilience in collegiate aviation operations. A quantitative approach using Reason’s safety resilience concept (Reason, 2011) is used to assess organizational safety resilience in a collegiate aviation program with an active conformance SMS accepted by the FAA. A sample of 516 research participants responded to an online survey instrument derived from Reason (2011). Structural Equation Model (SEM)/Path Analysis (PA) techniques are used to assess models that measure the strength of relationships between three cultural drivers (Commitment, Cognizance, Competence) of safety and safety resilience. There were strong significant relationships between these cultural drivers and safety resilience. Path analysis suggests that Commitment significantly mediates the path between Cognizance and Competence and highlights its important role in sustaining safety competencies. There were significant differences in the perceptions of safety resilience among top-level leadership, flight operations and ground operations. Flight operations and ground operations had higher mean scores on safety resilience than top-level leadership. Study provides a validated model of safety resilience that is essential for SMS improvements in collegiate aviation programs. Future studies will utilize this safety resilience model to assess other collegiate aviation programs in various phases of SMS implementation, airlines, and air traffic control operations.Key words: SMS, safety culture, safety resilience, collegiate aviation

The experiment results of using the competency-based approach in the occupational safety management field to reduce microtraumas in the energy sales company

Reducing injuries problems in the electrical energy industry require the modern tools search and application for managing professional risks. The authors suggest the labor protection services specialists’ professional competence improving in organizations as one of these tools. Conducting experiment of the labor protection specialists’ professional competence improving impact assessment on the labor protection management effectiveness of was performed on the example of the energy sales company. The experiment purpose was the electrical injuries level decrease. The competency-based approach testing in the labor protection field is based on the researches results of more than 1000 organizations, where the assessment of more than 2000 labor protection specialists’ professional competence state was performed. The results obtained showed the occupational safety specialists professional competence improving effectiveness not only in electrical injury reducing by 1.5 times over 2 years, but also in the occupational safety management system effectiveness improving in the company as a whole. The authors forecast the further positive company’s competence approach impact in the labor protection field in dynamics. The experiment results are of practical interest to the labor protection services heads, personnel management services, leading top managers, employers.

The labor protection specialist competence influence on the professional risk management state

The results of the authors’ research in more than 600 organizations have shown the labor protection specialist competence influence on the occupational risk management system state and the overall labor protection management system. It is revealed that the leading role in the labor conditions and safety improving strategy choosing and formation, as well as in the scientifically based method of professional risk assessment belongs to a labor protection specialist with a certain competence. The paper describes 16 occupational safety specialists’ professional competence levels and the main factors that determine their formation. The possibilities and abilities of specialists’ with different professional competence levels to assess professional risks are considered and presented in tabular form. About 100 data of different approaches and methods for assessing occupational risks are given, from which only a competent occupational safety specialist can choose the best method for his organization. His decision influences not only the assessing and managing professional risks procedure costs, determined by the particular method choosing, but also the overall occupational safety management system effectiveness in the organization. The conducted research has shown a significant occupational safety competent specialists role in ensuring the professional risks management in the organization and allowed to link his capabilities in assessing professional risks with his professional competence level. This information can motivate the employer to pay attention to the labor protection specialists’ role in ensuring the industrial safety and take care of their timely skills improvement.

Identification of Traffic Accident Hotspots using Geographical Information System (GIS)

Limiting the number andseverity of traffic accidents is one of the major goals of road traffic safety management.The alarming rate of road accidents globally emphasizes the importance of an effective traffic safety management system. Identification of accident hotspots is the first step towards implementation of efficient traffic safety management.Until the arrival of Geographical Information System (GIS),traffic accident analyses have been performed based ontraditional statistical methods alone. The advent of GIS-based techniques has led toimproved traffic accident analysis by employing spatial statistics,enabling engineers and researchers to account for variation in the spatial characteristics of hotspot locations in the analysis. This paper discusses the different spatial and statistical methods that are employedintraffic accident hotspots identification. An example application of Planar Kernel Density Estimation (PKDE)for hotspot identification is presented based on crash data for Des Moines city of Iowa state. The effect of varying bandwidths in creating density mapsis investigated and the optimum bandwidth to obtain distinct hotspots is identified as 500 m for the chosen study area.The paper also discusses the scope for future research in traffic accident hotspot analysis.

Food safety management systems based on ISO 22000:2018 methodology of hazard analysis compared to ISO 22000:2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the difference of the methodologies between ISO 22000:2005 and ISO 22000:2018. Compared to the methodology of food safety management system ISO 22000:2005, the methodology of ISO 22000:2018 has not been seen yet. The methodology established in this study was based on the differences of ISO 22000:2018 and ISO 22000:2005 and the abundant experiences of author toward the counseling of verification. The high-level structural management of ISO 22000:2018 can be integrated with other management systems. The risk which was assessed through the severity and possibilities could be converted into an opportunity according to the new method of risk evaluation of ISO 22000:2018 based on the CODEX HACCP. Relatedly, through the implementation of the HACCP system, the key regulatory terms relevant for adherence to ISO 22000:2018 have been added and revised. In particular, the new regulations state that the members of food safety management committees must either possess the expertise required to determine hazards or seek the assistance of outside experts when necessary. This regulation must be effectively implemented in the FSMS of small- and medium-sized enterprises throughout the world. In addition, the key terms and definitions of ISO 22000:2018 such as critical control points, prerequisite programs, and operation prerequisite programs are more clearly defined and consistent with the standard operating procedures of effective food safety management systems. ISO 22000:2018 also pays greater attention to the two “plan, do, check, action” (PDCA) cycles including food safety management system and food safety level. These two PDCA cycles emphasize the need for independent operation but should also be implemented such that they have close synergy and harmony with each other. This methodology was used for the verification of ISO 22000:2018 of seven factories.

Focus on Individual Decision Making Drives Safety Journey

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Judy Feder, contains highlights of paper SPE 191514, “Safe Choice—Operationalizing Human Performance Science in Decision-Making,” by Carla Santamaria, Jim K. Flood, Paul C. Schuberth, SPE, Jorge J. Morell, Jaime R. Hinojosa, and Justin Haddock, ExxonMobil, and Hugh O’Donnell, Eric Sandelands, Mel Cowan, and Alan Higgins, Ingenium, prepared for the 2018 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dallas, 24–26 September. The paper has not been peer reviewed. The complete paper discusses ExxonMobil’s focus on the next phase of its safety journey through advancement of individual awareness and decision making to help drive breakthroughs in the operator’s vision of safety. This methodology empowers and enables safe decision making at all levels of an organization by providing new knowledge and techniques, and links these to current behavioral-based safety practices. In particular, a program called Safe Choice, first developed for the ExxonMobil Hebron Project integration, hookup, and commissioning construction (IHUC) site in Newfoundland, Canada, is detailed. The paper also covers the implementation-blueprint process the operator has used to enable each business unit to adapt and further the codevelopment process for local needs while maintaining core•principles. Introduction For many years, the energy industry has understood both the moral and business imperatives for providing effective safety-management systems to keep employees, contractors, the communities in which they operate, and the environment safe. In pursuing its safety program entitled “Nobody Gets Hurt,” Exxon Mobil seeks performance breakthroughs that will eliminate not only fatalities and higher-consequence injuries and outcomes, but all hurts, including those of lower severity. The company has focused its efforts on operations-integrity management systems, process safety, transformational leadership, safety culture, and human factors that affect its systems and processes. Considerable study of human factors has led to a number of innovations, including classification of incidents on the basis of both hurt and potential-hurt levels. A detailed study of upstream events in 2015 found that although decisions made in the moment affected some incidents, many had resulted from decisions made sometimes days, months, or even years earlier. From this analysis, the company identified some higher-priority areas of focus for its safety-management systems, and, most importantly, identified a need for enhancing decision-making knowledge and awareness as a step toward conscious, safer decision making. Understanding the human factors behind decision making was critical to unlocking a breakthrough in performance. Recent efforts have focused on factors that influence individual risk tolerance, with more emphasis on helping identify what those factors are but less on how and why those influences work. The concept of risk tolerance has not always resonated with all workforce groups. However, framing risk tolerance as a series of decisions by individuals has made more sense across the organization. The company’s focus thus has shifted to providing a better understanding of the influences upon, and effects of, choice.