Effect Of Radiation Treatment Research Articles

The Effect of Annealing and Optical Radiation Treatment on Graphene Resonators.

Graphene resonant sensors have shown strong competitiveness with respect to sensitivity and size. To advance the applications of graphene resonant sensors, the damage behaviors of graphene harmonic oscillators after thermal annealing and laser irradiation were investigated by morphology analysis and frequency domain vibration characteristics. The interface stress was proven to be the key factor that directly affected the yield of resonators. The resulting phenomenon could be improved by appropriately controlling the annealing temperature and size of resonators, thereby achieving membrane intactness of up to 96.4%. However, micro-cracks were found on the graphene sheets when continuous wave (CW) laser power was more than 4 mW. Moreover, the fluctuating light energy would also cause mechanical fatigue in addition to the photothermal effect, and the threshold damage power for the sinusoidally modulated laser was merely 2 mW. In this way, based on the amplitude-frequency surface morphology of the graphene resonator, the thermal time constant of the order of a few microseconds was confirmed to evaluate the damage of the graphene oscillator in situ and in real time, which could be further extended for those resonators using other 2D materials.

High dose rate brachytherapy in nonmelanoma skin cancer-Systematic review.

Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most common malignancies worldwide. Millions of new cases every year present challenge to healthcare systems. Recent years brought numerous new data concerning high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy (BT) as treatment option for NMSCs. International guidelines do not recognize BT as a method of choice given lack of randomized trials, however many prospective and retrospective studies show promising results. Aim of the study was to present the efficacy of HDR BT, with analysis of its safety and adverse effects based on review of the English published medical full-text papers. Literature review of 13 articles published between 1999 and 2021 was performed. Pubmed and Google Scholar databases were searched on October 2021 using keywords: ([Basal cell carcinoma] OR [squamous cell carcinoma] OR [non-melanoma skin cancer]) AND (HDR brachytherapy). Fourteen full-text English articles with follow up over 1year and study group over 50 patients were included into analysis. In analyzed material, 2403 patients received HDR BT. Local control varied between 71% and 99%.Dominant reported cosmetic effect was good or very good. Results were cross-referenced with recent meta-analyses comparing BT to surgical excision, Mohs microsurgery and external beam radiotherapy. Radiodermitis is the main adverse effect of radiation treatment during and after radiotherapy. HDR BT emerges as potentially noninferior treatment method providing very good reported cosmetic outcomes.

Physiological and Differential Proteomic Analysis at Seedling Stage by Induction of Heavy-Ion Beam Radiation in Wheat Seeds.

Novel genetic variations can be obtained by inducing mutations in the plant which help to achieve novel traits. The useful mutant can be obtained through radiation mutation in a short period which can be used as a new material to produce new varieties with high yield and good quality wheat. In this paper, the proteomic analysis of wheat treated with different doses of 12C and 7Li ion beam radiation at the seedling stage was carried out through a Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) tagging quantitative proteomic analysis platform based on high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the traditional 60Co-γ-ray radiation treatment for reference. A total of 4,764 up-regulated and 5,542 down-regulated differentially expressed proteins were identified. These proteins were mainly enriched in the KEGG pathway associated with amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, carbon metabolism, photosynthesis, signal transduction, protein synthesis, and DNA replication. Functional analysis of the differentially expressed proteins showed that the oxidative defense system in the plant defense system was fully involved in the defense response after 12C ion beam and 7Li ion beam radiation treatments. Photosynthesis and photorespiration were inhibited after 12C ion beam and 60Co-γ-ray irradiation treatments, while there was no effect on the plant with 7Li ion beam treatment. In addition, the synthesis of biomolecules such as proteins, as well as multiple signal transduction pathways also respond to radiations. Some selected differentially expressed proteins were verified by Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM) and qPCR, and the experimental results were consistent with the quantitative results of TMT. The present study shows that the physiological effect of 12C ion beam radiation treatment is different as compared to the 7Li ion beam, but its similar to the 60Co-γ ray depicting a significant effect on the plant by using the same dose. The results of this study will provide a theoretical basis for the application of 12C and 7Li ion beam radiation in the mutation breeding of wheat and other major crops and promote the development of heavy ion beam radiation mutation breeding technology.

Palliative tumor surgery for incurable head and neck cancer: indications and outcomes: A retrospective case review

Purpose: Despite the promising palliative effects of radiation treatment, few reports have studied the role of palliative tumor surgery (PTS) in patients with unresectable head and neck cancer (HNC). Thus, we aimed to present the outcomes of PTS in HNC, and suggest a possible surgical indication for PTS.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 18 patients who underwent PTS for HNC between 2002 and 2017. PTS was defined as surgical debulking of tumor or surgery of loco-regionaltumors in patients with distant metastasis. As functional outcomes, we evaluated changes in pain, diet, respiration, and wound care before and after PTS.Results: Squamous cell carcinoma was the common cancer type (72.2%), followed by salivary gland cancers and others. The median overall survival time was 17 months (95% confidence interval, 7.3 to 26.7). PTS significantly reduced the pain score (P= 0.013), and improved cancer-related wounds (P=0.003 in wound infection). Oral swallowing and respiration status did not change after PTS. The recurrent tumor at the operation bed was clinically detected at post-operative 1 to 2 months with intact skin (without wound problems). Of note, further chemotherapy or other additional cancer treatments was possible in 66.7% of patients with PTS (P=0.002).Conclusion: PTS could provide a meaningful benefit to selected patients with incurable HNC, in terms of pain control and cancer wound management. Thus, PTS is a considerable option for selected HNC patients, based on the accurate evaluation of tumor extent along with multi-disciplinary consultation as well as patient counseling.

Деградаційно-відновні особливості опромінених світлодіодів GAP

The homo-transitional original and irradiated by electrons with E = 2 MeV; F = 5.9⋅1014 cm-2 ÷ 8.2⋅1016 cm-2 GaP LEDs were studied. The effect of radiation treatment on their electrical and optical characteristics was studied; the results of isochronous annealing of irradiated samples are given; the consequences of high-temperature annealing of output diodes are analyzed. Peculiarities of the formation of the current-voltage characteristics of red LEDs doped with Zn, O, and green LEDs doped with N under reverse bias, as well as features of the recovery of the reverse current during annealing of both types of LEDs, are revealed.

Selected Articles from This Issue

Intratumoral electroporation of IL12-encoding plasmids (IT-pIL12-EP) enhances antitumor immunity in treated and distant tumors. However, IT-pIL12-EP outcomes are in part dictated by infiltrating T-cell composition, where higher proportions of cytotoxic T cells as opposed to more immunosuppressive immune cells predicts enhanced IT-pIL12-EP responsiveness. In an effort to increase proportions of activated cytotoxic T cells in IT-pIL12-EP-treated tumors, Han and colleagues supplemented IT-pIL12-EP with electroporation of plasmids encoding membrane-anchored anti-CD3 single-chain variable fragments (scFv). The authors found that including anti-CD3 scFv with IL12 enhances proliferation and interferon-γ (IFNγ) secretion in both CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and CD4+ T regulatory (Treg) cells, and that costimulation with membrane-bound anti-CD3 with IL12 reduces Treg suppression. Supplementing IT-pIL12-EP with plasmids encoding anti-CD3 scFv in vivo enhances proliferation and cytotoxicity of tumor antigen-specific T cells, leading to augmented antitumor immunity against B16-F10 melanoma and 4T1 mammary tumor cells. Treating human melanoma-infiltrating T cells with IL12 and anti-CD3 scFv enhances cytotoxic CD8+ expansion, IFNγ secretion, and PD-1 expression in vitro, suggesting IT-pIL12-EP and anti-CD3 scFv could augment PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibition responsiveness in melanoma patients.Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-mediated cytotoxicity can be resisted via NF-κB activation and downstream survival signals in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Toxicities accompanying NF-κB signaling inhibition necessitate other methods of targeting the pathway. To search for novel targets affecting NF-κB signaling, Hu and colleagues performed a RNAi screen targeting the kinome and druggable genomic targets in a HNSCC cell line expressing NF-κB promoter response elements in tandem with a β-lactamase reporter gene. The screen revealed that G2/M checkpoint kinases WEE1 and cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) promote NF-κB signaling. WEE1 inhibition using AZD1775 disrupts WEE1 interactions with IκB kinase (IKK)α/β and RELA, reducing IKKα/β and RELA phosphorylation and NF-κB signaling. Correspondingly, AZD1775 augments TNFα-mediated HNSCC cell death, including in HNSCC radiotherapy in vivo. WEE1 and CDK1 expression levels and disease outcome correlations are dependent on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection status, suggesting HPV influences the signaling pathway. In addition to unveiling a novel signaling axis, this study presents a new potential way in which NF-κB can be therapeutically targeted in HNSCC.Decreased SIN3A expression in human breast cancer cell lines enhances tumorigenic phenotypes in vitro and tumor progression in vivo. However, how SIN3A abundance in breast tumors compares to its abundance in normal breast tissue is unknown, as is how SIN3A expression is regulated in breast tumors. To address these questions, Davenport and colleagues assessed SIN3A mRNA and corresponding protein levels in patients and validated these findings using public data sets (TCGA and METABRIC). The authors found that the SIN3A mRNA 3′ untranslated region harbors a sequence complementary to that of oncogenic miR-183, and that miR-183 silences SIN3A expression and enhances expression of genes that SIN3A transcriptionally represses. Accordingly, miR-183 expression negatively correlates with breast cancer patient survival and induces breast cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro and pulmonary metastasis in vivo through SIN3A downregulation. Overall, the novel miR-183-mediated regulation of SIN3A expression uncovered in this study could be used to inform metastatic breast cancer intervention strategies moving forward.Radiation and temozolomide (TMZ), the standard treatments for glioblastoma (GBM), are known to induce a non-proliferative, senescent phenotype in surviving GBM cells. However, GBM cells often eventually escape treatment-induced senescence, leading to residual tumor outgrowth and GBM recurrence. To assess whether recently discovered senolytic drugs can eliminate senescent GBM cells, Rahman and colleagues tested the effects of 10 senolytic drugs on 12 human GBM cell lines treated with radiation or TMZ. The authors found that senolytic drugs targeting BCL-XL, as well as siRNA-mediated BCL-XL abrogation, enhance senescent GBM cell death. The results of the study suggest that pharmacological BCL-XL inhibition could augment antitumor effects of radiation and TMZ treatment, and potentially inhibit residual GBM cell outgrowth and disease recurrence.

RONC-18 Radiosurgery for Primary and Metastatic CNS Malignancies in the Pediatric Population

Abstract PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to describe outcomes after pediatric radiosurgery for malignant CNS lesions. METHODS: Retrospective chart review was performed for 31 pediatric patients treated at a single institution with Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for primary or metastatic CNS malignancies between 2000-2020. RESULTS: 25 patients were treated with SRS for focal recurrences of primary CNS malignancies, 1 patient was treated in the adjuvant setting after initial resection, and 5 patients were treated for brain metastases. Primary CNS histologies included ependymoma (n=14), glioma (n=4), medulloblastoma (n=2), and meningioma (n=2). 65% were WHO grade 3 or 4. 71% of patients had received a prior course of involved-field external beam radiation to the brain to a median dose of 59.4 Gy in 33 fractions. Median age at SRS was 14 years (range 4-21). Radiosurgery was predominantly performed in a single fraction to a median dose of 17 Gy to a total of 42 targets among 29 patients. Two patients underwent fractionated radiosurgery to 30 Gy in 5 fractions for larger lesions. Median follow up after SRS was 44 months. 7 patients (23%) had no evidence of disease after SRS at a median follow up of 39 months. 6 patients (19%) developed local recurrence at the site of their treated lesion at a median of 13 months after SRS. 20 patients (65%) developed recurrent disease in the CNS outside of the radiosurgery field at a median of 11 months after SRS. 4 patients developed toxicity from SRS related to radiation treatment effect, all of which occurred within 1 year of SRS. CONCLUSIONS: SRS for malignant CNS lesions in the pediatric population provides effective local control and is well-tolerated. However, there remains a substantial risk of distant CNS failures given the nature of recurrent or metastatic disease in these patients.

Joint effects of general population polygenic risk scores (PRS) and radiation treatment on subsequent neoplasm risk among childhood cancer survivors: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS).

10008 Background: We examined whether PRS from general population studies are associated with risk of subsequent neoplasms (SNs) in childhood cancer survivors and evaluated joint associations between PRS and radiation treatment (RT), an established SN risk factor. Methods: Common genetic variants associated with risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), breast cancer, thyroid cancer, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or melanoma in general population studies were used to calculate cancer specific PRS among 5,911 5 year cancer survivors diagnosed < 21 years of age and between 1970-1986 in the CCSS. We examined associations between each PRS and SN risk using conditional logistic regression in nested case control studies, with incidence density sampling and matching on childhood cancer type, age at diagnosis, sex, RT dose to the SN site, and chemotherapy exposure. Further analyses matching only on non-treatment factors assessed joint associations considering potential combinations of PRS and RT exposure. We calculated the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) to determine whether joint associations were consistent with additivity of the individual risk factors (RERI > 0 indicates a more-than-additive joint association). Results: Among survivors (median age at follow-up 40 years, range 3-67; 62% exposed to RT), cancer specific PRS were associated with risk of subsequent BCC (N = 626; quartile 4 versus 1, OR [95% CI] = 1.9 [1.5-2.4]), breast cancer (N = 277; 4.5 [2.8-7.1]), thyroid cancer (N = 149; 1.9 [1.2-3.1]), and melanoma (N = 76; 2.7 [1.3-5.6]). Both PRS and RT were independently associated with SN risk, but joint analyses using a common reference group (PRS < median, RT < 1 Gy) found that both risk factors together resulted in more-than-additive increases in risk of BCC (RERI [95% CI] = 6.9 [2.0-11.8], breast cancer (6.6 [2.2-10.1], and thyroid cancer (4.8 [0.5-9.2]). Specifically, BCC risk was increased 28.8-fold for both PRS ≥ median and RT ≥ 1 Gy together, but only 3.3-fold for PRS ≥ median alone and 19.7-fold for RT ≥ 1 Gy alone. Similarly, breast cancer risk was increased 14.1-fold for both risk factors together, 2.5-fold for PRS ≥ median alone, and 6.5-fold for RT ≥ 1 Gy alone, and thyroid cancer risk was increased 12.3-fold for both risk factors together, 2.4-fold for PRS ≥ median alone, and 6.0-fold for RT ≥ 1 Gy alone. In joint analyses using more detailed RT categories, we found more-than-additive joint associations at both low and high RT doses. Conclusions: General population PRS were associated with SN risks after childhood cancer. More-than-additive increased risks with the combination of PRS and RT suggest that established markers of genetic susceptibility remain important in the context of treatment-related risks and may be useful in further refining risk assessment and follow-up guidelines for survivors.

Acute effects of radiation treatment to submental muscles on burrowing and swallowing behaviors in a rat model.

Swallowing impairments are a major complication of radiation treatment for oropharyngeal cancers, influencing oral intake and quality of life. The timing and functional consequences of radiation treatment on the swallowing process is not clearly understood. A rodent radiation injury model was used to investigate the onset of oral and pharyngeal dysfunctions in deglutition related to radiation treatment. This study tested the hypothesis that (Wall et al., 2013) alterations in normal biting, licking, and swallowing performance would be measurable following 64Gy of fractionated radiation to the submental muscles; and (Kotz et al., 2004) radiation will affect the animal’s general well-being as measured via burrowing activity. Seven rats received radiation using a clinical linear accelerator given in 8 fractions of 8Gy and another seven animals received sham anesthesia only treatment. Swallowing bolus transit/size was assessed via videofluoroscopy, tongue movement during drinking was measured via an electrical lick sensor, and biting was analyzed from acoustic recordings of a vermicelli pasta test. Burrowing activity was measured by the amount of gravel substrate displaced within a container. Measurements were taken at baseline, during treatment (1–4 weeks), and after completion of treatment (weeks 5 & 6). Decreases in licking frequency and increases in inter-lick interval were observed 5- and 6-weeks post-treatment. Significant decreases in burrowing performance, swallowing frequency, and inter-swallow interval were observed starting the last week of treatment and continuing up to 2-weeks after completion. Results suggest that tongue dysfunction is one of the first treatment related feeding problems to present immediately after the completion of radiation to the submental muscles.

Variation of antioxidant capacity and antiviral activity of the brown seaweed Sargassum filipendula (Fucales, Ochrophyta) under UV radiation treatments

ABSTRACT Physiological responses in seaweeds are influenced by environmental conditions such as UV radiation among other abiotic factors, concerns that must be taken into account for bioprospecting purposes. The production of UV-absorbing compounds is a well-known strategy for protecting organisms against UV radiation stress as the compounds absorb and dissipate short wavelengths. Besides their natural photoprotective sunscreen value, there is strong evidence of potential use as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antiproliferative, immunomodulatory and anticancer agents. Here, we studied the relationship of potential cell damage to antioxidant activity and bioactive properties of brown seaweed Sargassum filipendula under the effect of radiation treatments: PAR (control), PAR+UVA and PAR+UVB after 10 days of exposure. Cell damage was assessed as DNA impairment by the quantification of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). Antioxidant potential, tested by ABTS, DPPH, FRAP and chelating activity assays and quantification of total phenolic compounds were performed using methanolic crude extracts at different concentrations. Antiviral activity was assessed by the ability of different concentrations of methanolic and aqueous extracts to inhibit retroviral reverse transcriptase (RT) activity. PAR+UVB treatment negatively affected DNA integrity, and more CDP-DNA complexes were observed. Higher antioxidant activity was observed under PAR treatment than UVA and UVB radiation treatments. There was 25–90% inhibition of the RT enzyme for methanolic extracts, while aqueous extracts showed nearly 100% inhibition for all treatments and tested concentrations. UV-absorbing compounds in S. filipendula provide adaptive advantages against UV radiation exposure. Additionally, the species can be considered as a potential biotechnology source of natural bioactive compounds, and isolation of these compounds or obtaining bioactively rich extracts will potentially be of great benefit for the development of functional bioproducts.

Radiotherapy for the treatment of leukemia

HintergrundLymphoide Zellen weisen eine hohe Strahlensensitivität auf, sodass die Strahlentherapie eine sinnvolle Ergänzung der Systemtherapie bei Leukämien darstellt. Vor allem als konditionierende Behandlung vor allogener Stammzelltransplantation ist die Radiotherapie in Form einer Ganzkörperbestrahlung etabliert.Ziel der ArbeitDie vorliegende Arbeit ermöglicht einen Überblick über Durchführung und Nebenwirkungen der strahlentherapeutischen Behandlung bei Leukämien. Hierbei werden insbesondere die (Langzeit‑)Nebenwirkungen nach Ganzkörperbestrahlung dargestellt.Material und MethodenEs erfolgte eine selektive Literaturrecherche über die Datenbank PubMed zur Radiotherapie von Leukämien und zu Ganzkörperbestrahlungen mit Fokus auf Nebenwirkungen sowie technische und konzeptionelle Neuerungen.ErgebnisseDie Ganzkörperbestrahlung ist eine effektive Therapie zur Konditionierung vor allogener Stammzelltransplantation und weist ein diverses, aber beherrschbares, Toxizitätsspektrum mit endokrinen, kardiopulmonalen, okulären, nephrologischen und neurologischen Langzeitnebenwirkungen sowie Sekundärneoplasien auf. Zusätzlich kann eine Radiotherapie in Niedrigdosis effektiv zur Behandlung myeloider Sarkome (Chlorome) angewendet werden.SchlussfolgerungDie Vielfalt der Nebenwirkungen nach Ganzkörperbestrahlung erfordert eine interdisziplinäre und langfristige Nachsorgebetreuung durch internistische Onkolog*innen/Transplantationsmediziner*innen und Radioonkolog*innen. Technische Entwicklungen der Strahlentherapie können in Zukunft eine selektive Adressierung des Knochenmarks sowie der lymphatischen Organe realisieren. Aktuell sind diese noch nicht in der klinischen Routine etabliert und werden im Rahmen klinischer Studien evaluiert.

Sleepless and Spent in Survivorship: Fatigue and Insomnia in Breast Cancer Survivors.

It is estimated that there are 3.8 million breast cancer survivors in the United States. Addressing survivors' post-treatment needs is critical to providing quality healthcare. A standardized questionnaire for breast cancer survivors was employed to assess the health status, challenges, and concerns of our breast cancer patients at their survivorship visits, which were conducted 4months after surgery. All patients were seen in the breast center at one community hospital over a 6-year period. Responses to a standardized questionnaire that was administered to 505 consecutive breast cancer patients at their survivorship visits 4months after surgery were evaluated. The most striking finding was that 35% reported symptoms of insomnia, 26% had persistent fatigue, and 19% experienced fatigue that interfered with their usual activities. There was a significant association between symptoms of insomnia and radiation treatment (P = .004), pain (P < .001), hormone therapy (P < .01), and side effects of hormone therapy (P < .0001). There was also a significant association between fatigue and pain (P < .001) as well as side effects from hormone treatment (P = .0036). Over a third (35%) of breast cancer patients suffer from insomnia, while over a quarter (26%) complain of fatigue at their survivorship assessments. Contributing factors include radiation treatment, pain, and hormonal therapy. Careful assessment and treatment of fatigue and symptoms of insomnia in breast cancer patients is needed to improve quality of life for survivors.

Effect of Radiation Treatment at a High-Volume Center on Outcomes in Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer: An Analysis of the National Cancer Database

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of radiation treatment at a high-volume center on overall survival in men with intermediate-risk prostate cancer. MethodsFrom 2004 to 2015, 430,347 patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer were identified in the National Cancer Database. Radiation case volume (RCV) of each hospital was calculated based on number of patients treated. After excluding certain patients including those with metastatic disease, our final analysis population included 116,091 intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients receiving radiation therapy or radiation with androgen deprivation therapy. Characteristics analyzed include age, race, distance to treatment facility, Charlson-Deyo Score, and socioeconomic factors. Primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Five-year survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals were computed using multivariate analysis. Cox regression and propensity score-matched analysis was performed. ResultsMedian follow up was 63.5 months and estimated 5-year OS was 90.1% at high RCV centers and 88.2% at low RCV centers (P <.0001). Treatment at high RCV facility was associated with significantly lower mortality compared to treatment at a low RCV facility on multivariate analysis and propensity score matching analysis. The survival benefit of treatment at a high RCV facility remained when high RCV facilities were defined as those above the 80th, 90th, and 95th percentile in patient volume (P <.05). ConclusionTreatment at a high radiation case volume facility is associated with improved OS in patients with radiation-treated intermediate-risk prostate cancer. This survival benefit is important to consider when choosing a treatment center for radiation therapy.

Induced variations by gamma radiation and EMS on the agronomic traits, essential oil yield with its quality and their exploitation in Java citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt)

Purpose The slips of Cymbopogon winterianus (Java citronella) are used to propagate this industrially important crop. It does not have a mating system that allows it to create new variability or develop superior progenies, which could be addressed by using induced mutation caused by physical or chemical agents. Physical treatments, rather than chemical treatments, are believed to be the most incredible alternative for mutation breeding. As a result, this study aims to assess the effects of gamma radiation and EMS treatment on the development of better C. winterianus progenies. Materials and methods The three superior lines, i.e. JC-62 (IC-0627007), JC-55 (IC-0627000), and JC-71 (IC-0627018) based on high herbage, essential oil yield and citronellal content were selected through clonal selection during three-year evaluation. These were then irradiated with 60Co gamma rays (50 Gy, 100 Gy, 150 Gy, 200 Gy, 250 Gy, and 300 Gy) and treated with EMS dose (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 and 1%) separately. Ten plants of each dose were mutated and planted in the experimental field to obtain the MV2 progenies. After 4 months, the plants were harvested, and the slips were prepared and planted to get the MV3 and subsequently MV4 progenies. All morphological and essential oil data have been recorded and analyzed statistically. The essential oil was extracted through the Clevenger apparatus for all the progenies, followed by GC and GC-MS analysis. Results The morpho-chemical study of the 112 healthy mutants has led to the identification of six superior progenies in MV4 progenies, M17, M63, M77, M179, M233, and M392. In terms of the economic yield, it was observed that mutant M77 treated with 0.20% EMS dose increased the herbage yield and citronellal content tremendously. In contrast, the progeny M17 irradiated with γ-100Gy increased essential oil yield from 1.32% to 1.50%. The EMS treatment at 0.10% and 0.20% doses showed an increasing trend in plant height, leaf length, tillers/bush, leaves/bush, herbage yield, and citronellal content compared to the base variety. The LD50 value of C. winterianus for gamma radiation and EMS treatment was averaged at 173 Gy and 0.72%, respectively. Conclusion In C. winterianus, both gamma rays and EMS treatment successfully created superior progenies with desired characteristics. The 0.20 percent EMS treatment significantly improved economic features, including herbage yield and citronellal content. Simultaneously, gamma radiation at 100 Gy produced the highest essential oil yield, which is a highly desirable characteristic in C. winterianus breeding.

ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ВИКОНАННЯ ЗАВДAНЬ ПІД ЧАС ЛІКВІДАЦІЙ НАСЛІДКІВ З РУЙНУВАННЯ (АВАРІЙ) ПОТЕНЦІЙНО-НЕБЕЗПЕЧНИХ ОБ’ЄКТІВ

The quality of tasks during the elimination of the consequences of destruction (accidents) of potentially dangerous objects by all units of different departments depends on the experience and coherence of actions, objective quantitative assessment and effectiveness of all measures provided by the regulations in these situations. The purpose of the study: to develop a mathematical model that allows to evaluate the effectiveness of radiation, chemical, biological exploration and special treatment during the elimination of destruction (accidents) at potentially dangerous objects. Objectives of the study: to determine the main tasks that arise during RHB infection and to consider the possibility of using a mathematical model to determine the effectiveness of their implementation using the theory of queuing. The model for determination of efficiency of performance of the set tasks is investigated and using methods of the mathematical analysis and the theory of queuing ways of its perfection are substantiated. Applying the model of the system approach, the possibility of increasing the efficiency of radiation, chemical or biological reconnaissance and special treatment is mathematically substantiated. It is proved that the relative efficiency does not depend on the number of units of resources involved and the duration of the process, but only on the number of measures taken. The obtained results can be used when considering and evaluating the effectiveness of any units of CBRN protection involved in the elimination of the consequences of destruction (accident) at potentially dangerous objects, as the optimal solution always has only one (highest) measure of "rationality" as it maximizes system efficiency. Keywords: chemical, biological, radioactive and nuclear protection, radiation and chemical reconnaissance, special treatment, efficiency, queuing theory.

Interactive effects of nitrogen, UV and PAR on barley morphology and biochemistry are associated with the leaf C:N balance

Environmental conditions to which plants acclimate prior exposure to abiotic or biotic stressors can greatly affect their subsequent resilience. This may have a significant impact on the response to ongoing climate change and can be useful for increasing the food security under adverse weather conditions associated with climate change.Within this study, we tested the hypothesis that plant morphological and biochemical acclimation to radiation conditions and nitrogen (N) availability is closely linked with carbon (C) and N balance. Four barley (Hordeum vulgare) varieties, differing in their morphological characteristics and sensitivity to photooxidative stress, were grown at two levels of N supply and four radiation regimes combining distinct levels of ultraviolet (UV) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Changes in root and shoot morphology, accumulation of phenolic compounds, amino acids, and sugars were studied together with the analysis of C and N content in leaves.Both UV and PAR reduced leaf length and increased root-to-shoot ratio (R:S). Such effect was more pronounced under high N availability. High N supply reduced R:S, but this effect showed significant interactions with UV and PAR, and also with barley variety. Changes in R:S were positively related to C:N ratio in leaves that varied in response to both N availability and radiation treatments. UV radiation, particularly in combination with high PAR intensity, led to increases in most phenolic compounds (particularly flavones such as saponarin, homoorientin and isovitexin) which was also closely associated with changes in C:N ratio, while specifically phenolic acids (vanillic and syringic acids) decreased under high levels of UV and PAR, and hydroxycinnamic acids responded positively mainly to PAR. Although high N availability generally reduced the accumulation of phenolic compounds, this effect was genotype-specific and modulated by the radiation regime.A similar antagonistic effect of radiation treatment and N availability was also found for the accumulation of sugars (pentoses), resulting in a close relationship between the accumulation of pentoses and C:N ratio. The accumulation of most amino acids, in contrary to phenolic compounds, increases at high N and is also stimulated by high PAR and UV intensities.We conclude that radiation conditions and N availability have opposite effects on plant morphology and accumulation of most phenolic compounds and modulate the amino acid and sugar metabolism. Strong associations of these responses with changes in C:N ratio indicates that plant stoichiometry integrates acclimation processes and induction of relevant defence mechanisms.

Muscle-specific functional deficits and lifelong fibrosis in response to paediatric radiotherapy and tumour elimination.

BackgroundAs paediatric cancer survivors are living into adulthood, they suffer from the age‐related, accelerated decline of functional skeletal muscle tissue, termed sarcopenia. With ionizing radiation (radiotherapy) at the core of paediatric cancer therapies, its direct and indirect effects can have lifelong negative impacts on paediatric growth and maintenance of skeletal muscle. Utilizing our recently developed preclinical rhabdomyosarcoma mouse model, we investigated the late effects of paediatric radiation treatment on skeletal muscles from late adolescent (8 weeks old) and middle‐aged (16 months old) mice.MethodsPaediatric C57BL/6J male mice (3 weeks old) were injected with rhabdomyosarcoma cells into their right hindlimbs, and then fractionated irradiation (3 × 8.2 Gy) was administered to those limbs at 4 weeks old to eliminate the tumours. Radiation‐alone and tumour‐irradiated mice were assessed at either 8 weeks (3 weeks post‐irradiation) or 16 months (14 months post‐irradiation) of age for muscle physiology, myofibre characteristics, cell loss, histopathology, fibrosis, inflammatory gene expression, and fibrotic gene expression.ResultsMice that received only paediatric radiation demonstrated reduced muscle mass (−17%, P < 0.001), muscle physiological function (−25%, P < 0.01), muscle contractile kinetics (−25%, P < 0.05), satellite cell number (−45%, P < 0.05), myofibre cross‐sectional area (−30%, P < 0.0001), and myonuclear number (−17%, P < 0.001). Paediatric radiation increased inflammatory gene expression, increased fibrotic gene expression, and induced extracellular matrix protein deposition (fibrosis) with tumour elimination exacerbating some phenotypes. Paediatric tumour‐eliminated mice demonstrated exacerbated deficits to function (−20%, P < 0.05) and myofibre size (−17%, P < 0.001) in some muscles as well as further increases to inflammatory and fibrotic gene expression. Examining the age‐related effects of paediatric radiotherapy in middle‐aged mice, we found persistent myofibre atrophy (−20%, P < 0.01), myonuclear loss (−18%, P < 0.001), up‐regulated inflammatory and fibrotic signalling, and lifelong fibrosis.ConclusionsThe results from this paediatric radiotherapy model are consistent and recapitulate the clinical and molecular features of accelerated sarcopenia, musculoskeletal frailty, and radiation‐induced fibrosis experienced by paediatric cancer survivors. We believe that this preclinical mouse model is well poised for future mechanistic insights and therapeutic interventions that improve the quality of life for paediatric cancer survivors.

Effect of gamma radiation treatment on growth and morphology of red Amaranthus

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season 2020-21 at Instructional cum Research Farm, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, (C.G.) to study the effect of gamma radiation treatment on growth and morphology of red Amaranthus. The red Amaranthus was grown and treatments were replicated three times in randomized block design. The experiment consists of eleven doses of gamma radiation viz., 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1050 GY and control. The result revealed that growth parameters viz., number of functional leaves plant-1, Number of branches plant-1, dry weight (g) plant-1, Weight of inflorescence (g) plant-1 and Seed yield (g) plant-1 was recorded in 850 dose of gamma radiation which was at par to 1000 doses of gamma radiation. The lowest growth parameters were recorded under with out treated with gamma radiation (control).

Abstract PO-215: Racial disparities in proton beam therapy use for newly diagnosed cancer patients in the United States

Abstract Background: Black patients are less likely than White patients in the US to receive guideline-concordant cancer care, including radiation therapy. Proton Beam Therapy (PBT) is a potentially superior technology to photon radiotherapy for the treatment of pediatric cancers, where decreasing late effects of radiation treatment is a main concern, and in cancers where pituitary, visual, auditory, and intellectual functions might be disrupted because of radiation therapy. The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of racial disparities in PBT use in the US. Methods: We identified 4,919,975 Black and White patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2018 in the National Cancer Database (NCDB) based on data collected from Commission on Cancer (CoC) accredited hospitals. Once a patient is diagnosed and/or treated at a CoC accredited facility, the patient is followed and all treatment is reported (including treatment received outside of the reporting facility). Therefore, NCDB captures PBT received both at CoC-accredited hospitals (59.5% of patients who received PBT in this study) and PBT received at hospitals not accredited by CoCs (40.5% of PBT patients in this study). American Society of Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) Model Policies were used to classify patients into Group 1, for which PBT is the recommended radiation therapy modality, and Group 2, for which evidence of PBT efficacy is still under investigation. Propensity score matching was used to ensure comparability of Black and White patients' clinical characteristics and regional availability of PBT. Results: Black cancer patients were less likely to be treated with PBT than White cancer patients with similar characteristics (Odds Ratios [OR]: 0.72; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.68, 0.76). Racial disparities were greater for Group 1 cancers (OR = 0.61; CI: 0.54, 0.69) than for Group 2 cancers (OR: 0.75; CI: 0.70, 0.81). Disparities were greatest for Group 1 cancers commonly diagnosed in children, such as central nervous system (OR: 0.54; CI: 0.46, 0.63) and rhabdomyosarcoma (OR: 0.47; CI: 0.31, 0.70). Racial disparities in PBT receipt among Group 1 cancers increased during the study period and were greatest in 2018 despite the increase in the number of facilities offering PBT from 4 to 28 during the corresponding period, Conclusion and Relevance: Racial disparities in PBT receipt are greatest for cancers for which PBT is the recommended radiation therapy modality. The racial disparities identified in our study suggest undertreatment of Black patients with the greatest need (e.g. children diagnosed with central nervous system cancers). Future studies are needed to identify modifiable factors contributing to the racial disparity in receipt of PBT as efforts other than increasing the number of facilities providing PBT will be needed to eliminate disparities. Citation Format: Leticia M. Nogueira, Ahmedin Jemal, Jason A. Efstathiou, K. Robin Yabroff. Racial disparities in proton beam therapy use for newly diagnosed cancer patients in the United States [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-215.

Abstract PO-233: Effect of Lactobacillus on tumor growth and radiosensitivity

Abstract Cervical cancer is the most common HPV-associated cancer as it is diagnosed in more than half a million women a year. It specially affects low and middle-income countries. In terms of treatment options, microbiome may be a key element in achieving the desired effect of radiation treatment in cervical cancer. The objective here is to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus iners on tumor growth and cell response to radiation therapy. A previous test cohort identified that poor responders had an abundance of the Lactobacillus genus in their microbiome, while early/exceptional responders had other microorganisms such as Porphyromonas augmented. Moreover, whole genome shot gun sequencing (WGS) demonstrated that Lactobacillus iners is the most common species of Lactobacillus in cervical samples of poor responders and is absent in exceptional responders. Based on these findings, we propose that Lactobacillus iners creates a microenvironment which supports tumor growth and facilitates resistance to radiation therapy. A clonogenics assay using SiHa, HeLa and CaSki cell lines with three bacterial supernatants at different radiation doses was performed. While another facet of our research was comparing tumor growth in C57 mice receiving Lactobacillus iners suspension and those not receiving it. In terms of the clonogenics assay: L. crispatus and L. iners supernatants may increase radiosensitivity of SiHa, HeLa, and CaSki cell lines. Cell survival may also be affected by nutrients in bacterial broths. In terms of the mice's tumors analyzed: no significant differences in tumor growth were found between the control and treatment groups. L. crispatus cohort showed tumor regression, which correlates with higher populations of innate immune cells. Further clonogenic and in vivo experiments are supported to obtain more precise results that could eventually be applied in radiation oncology treatments. Citation Format: Laura P. Reguero-Cadilla, Ann Klopp. Effect of Lactobacillus on tumor growth and radiosensitivity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-233.