Effect Of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Investigation of Electrical Properties of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Bonded with Ionic Solutions for Microwave Ablation Systems

Microwave ablation (MWA) is known as an alternative therapy to surgery to treat tumors. However, MWA-based therapy requires advanced approaches in order to prevent causing damage to healthy tissue around the tumor and selectively target the desired area. Nanoparticles are considered promising tools in biomedicine to fulfill these requirements. This study was carried out in order to analyze the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on the temperature increment during radiofrequency ablation therapy with different salt solutions including NaCl and KCl as inorganics, and pictic acid (IP6) as organic. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) with a size of 42 nm, a surface area of 77.1 m2/g, and a high magnetic field absorption capability of 0.893 A/m were synthesized. According to the results, the magnetic nanoparticles from the IP6 solution have a higher number of charges in the recipes, and also, they reacted faster than the commercially available salt solutions like KCl and NaCl since six NaSO3 molecules are in the content of the IP6. With the absorption of 5-20 % higher electromagnetic power density depending on the content of salt solution with IP6 leads to 7-10 % temperature increase under 59 W microwave input power with 2 minutes exposure. This results show that the novelty of a dipole-dipole interaction of organic IP6 with IONPs improve the ablation performance.

Effects of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) and salinity on growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant activity and distribution of mineral elements in wheat (Triticum aestivum).

Soil salinisation is one of the main abiotic stresses decreasing crop productivity. Here, we show that the plant treatment with iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) may be a promising solution for reducing the negative impact of soil salinity on plant performance. For this purpose, effects of the NPs on growth, photosynthesis, pro-/antioxidant, redox balance and the content of mineral elements in 19-day-old wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants under soil salinity were studied. Seed treatment with NPs (200 and 500mg L-1) enhanced growth and photosynthetic rate in leaves. Moderate salinity stress (150mMNaCl) led to a decrease in plant biomass as well as the rate of photosynthesis and PSII activity; leaf photosynthetic characteristics were also suppressed by lower (75mMNaCl) salinity treatment. However, seed pre-treatment with the NPs partially eliminated the negative effect of the salt on growth, PSII activity and photosynthesis. Also, we observed a decrease in the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and an increase in ascorbate and total peroxidase activity in the plant leaves upon combined treatment with NaCl and the NPs compared with treatment with NaCl alone. The combined treatment with the NPs and salinity also led to a noticeable increase in the content of Fe and Mn in the shoot. It was concluded that Fe3O4 NPs can enhance plant growth by improving photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant balance and the availability of iron and manganese ions, under conditions of soil salinisation.

Piriformospora indica Symbiosis and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Alleviates Drought Stress in Soybean Plants Through Improved on Photosynthetic Gas Exchange and Sucrose Phosphate Synthase and Acid Phosphatase

Drought stress is one of the most destructive environmental stresses which affect the performance of soybean photosynthetic apparatus and can reduce plant productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs), Piriformospora indica and drought effects on gas exchange, sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and acid phosphatase (ASP) activities. Treatments included inoculation and non-inoculation of P. indica, NPs (0, 0.5 and 0.75 gL-1 ) and three irrigation regimes (control, irrigation after 50% and 75% depleting of soil water content). This study showed that drought stress reduced SPAD values and increased membrane electrolyte leakage. It also had negative effect on photosynthetic functional parameters. Nevertheless, inoculation of soybean with P. indica can provide drought-tolerance by improving the net photosynthesis, carboxylation efficiency, P, SPS and ASP parameters, keeping membrane stability and raising chlorophyll content. In addition, similar to P. indica, NPs treatment alleviated the negative effects of drought stress on gas exchange by altering physical biochemical responses, which caused a low internal CO2 concentration, sucrose and leaf damage. The above findings show that, P. indica and NPs can mitigate the photosynthetic limitations through promoting photosynthetic capacity under drought stress in soybean.

Effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on the growth of maize sprouts cultivated under drought stress and on the activity dynamics of NADP-ISDH enzyme

Effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on the growth of maize sprouts cultivated under drought stress and on the activity dynamics of NADP-ISDH enzyme

Iron nanoparticles mitigates cadmium toxicity in Triticum aestivum; Modulation of antioxidative defense system and physiochemical characteristics

ObjectivesPresent study is carried out to check the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) on mitigating the heavy metal (HM) stress in wheat. MethodFor this purpose, IONPs were used in an attempt to ameliorate cadmium stress in wheat plants. IONPs were synthesized by using the husk of Cocos nucifera. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by using SEM and particle size analyzer. Wheat seedlings were treated with 10–1000 mg/L IONPs. The selected concentrations of IONPs (100, 300, and 500 mg/L) were used for next experiment of pot with soil drench irrigation. Growth parameters (shoot length, root length, number of roots, biomass, spike length, weight, and number of seeds/plant), biochemical and stress parameters (chlorophyll, sugar, proline, protein, phenolics, MDA, H2O2 and antioxidant enzyme analysis, elemental analysis) were studied. ResultsResults showed that the application of IONPs increased shoot length, root length, number of seeds, fresh weight, dry weight, spike length, and number of seeds of wheat plants by 37.5, 68, 81.25, 50, 100, 33, and 14.28% respectively with IONPs treatment. Biochemical attributes were also improved by using IONPs. Stress indicators showed that MDA and H2O2 were reduced by IONPs (by 31.91 and 30.76% respectively) whereas phenolics, proline, and antioxidant enzyme activity was increased (by 25, 40, and 55% respectively). IONPs treated plants had lesser or no cadmium content with the higher iron content of leaves ConclusionIt showed that IONPs have strongly positive effects on mitigating cadmium stress in wheat plants.

Effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on the thermal characteristics of supramolecular, dendritic and macromolecular capping agents

The present study aimed at the enhancement of the thermal characteristics of different capping agents belonging to different macromolecular families, with the incorporation of iron oxide nanoparticles. Iron oxide nanocomposites were prepared following a simple reduction protocol using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) succeeded by air oxidation. Three iron oxide composites were prepared using different biocompatible capping agents. The capping agents used in the present study were supramolecular β-cyclodextrin, dendritic hyperbranched polyglycerol and macromolecular starch. The chemical nature of the composites was successfully confirmed by spectroscopy. The well-characterized composite systems were studied for their thermal characteristics using TG/DTG and DSC measurements. The primary focus of the study was to analyse any change in the thermal behaviour of the pure encapsulating systems on incorporation with the iron oxide species. The analysis was conducted by comparing the TG/DTG and DSC measurements of the pure capping agents- cyclodextrin, hyperbranched polyglycerol and starch with their respective nanoparticle incorporated composites. All the three capping agents were found to decompose in the temperature range 250–450 °C But these systems on incorporation of iron oxide nanoparticles have gained more thermal stability. Their decomposition shifted to a higher temperature with broadened curves suggestive of a slow and steady degradation pattern. DSC studies showed that the incorporation of IONPs could effectively prevent melting of the capping agents by which they could be propagated to a wide range of applications.

Phyto-interactive impact of green synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles and Rhizobium pusense on morpho-physiological and yield components of greengram

The iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) prepared by green synthesis method using Syzigium cumini leaf extract was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD confirmed the crystalline structure of green synthesized NPs measuring around 33 nm while SEM revealed its nearly spherical shape. Rhizobium species recovered from greengram nodules, identified by 16s rRNA gene sequencing as Rhizobium pusense produced 30% more exopolysaccharides (EPS) in basal medium treated with 1000 μg IONPs/ml. Compositional variation in EPS was observed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). There was no reduction in rhizobial viability and no damage to bacterial membrane was observed under SEM and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), respectively. Effects of IONPs and R. pusense, used alone and in combination on the growth and development of greengram plants varied considerably. Plants grown with IONPs and R. pusence, used alone and in combination, showed a significant increase in seed germination rate, length and dry biomass of plant organs and seed components compared to controls. The IONPs in the presence of rhizobial strain further increased seed germination, plant growth, seed protein and pigments. Greater protein content (442 mg/g) was observed in seeds at 250 mg/kg of IONPs compared to control. Plants raised with mixture of IONPs plus R. pusense had maximum chlorophyll content (39.2 mg/g FW) while proline content decreased by 53% relative to controls. This study confirms that the green synthesis of IONPs from S. cumini leaf possess useful plant growth promoting effects and could be developed as a nano-biofertilizer for optimizing legume production.

Effect of Green Synthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Spinach Extract on Triton X-100-Induced Atherosclerosis in Rats.

The effect of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) synthesized using Spinacia oleracea leaf extract on Triton X-100-induced atherosclerosis in white Wistar rats was determined. FeONPs were characterized to determine their size, structure, composition, and shape. In vitro antioxidant activity of FeONPs against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) was determined. Atherosclerosis was induced by intraperitoneal administration of 5% Triton X-100 (100 mg/kg body weight) for 14 days. Group 1 received standard rat chow and water. Group 2 received 100 mg/kg body weight of Triton X-100 and a standard diet. Group 3 received 100 mg/kg body weight of Triton X-100 followed by 20 mg/kg body weight of atorvastatin for 21 days. Groups 4, 5, and 6 received 100 mg/kg body weight Triton X-100 was followed by variable concentrations of 100, 300, and 500 µg/kg body weight FeONPs, respectively, for 21 days. Blood samples were analyzed for lipid, liver, antioxidant, and cardiovascular markers. Histopathology of the heart was also examined. Characterization revealed the amorphous nature, functional groups, and clustered topography of FeONPs. An upregulated antioxidant activity of FeONPs was observed in a dose-dependent manner. Administration of Triton X-100 showed elevated levels of lipid biomarkers except for high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which decreased in group 2 in comparison to group 1. Liver, antioxidant, and cardiovascular biomarkers all significantly increased. The structural alteration was observed in the heart tissue following histopathology examination. Administration of FeONPs significantly decreased all biomarkers and increased the level of HDL. Also, tissue architecture was restored. Our findings demonstrated that FeONPs were effective in ameliorating Triton X-100-induced atherosclerosis in rats.

Enhancement of Rose Scented Geranium Plant Growth, Secondary Metabolites, and Essential Oil Components through Foliar Applications of Iron (Nano, Sulfur and Chelate) in Alkaline Soils

Iron (Fe) deficiency exists as a widespread nutritional disorder in alkaline and calcareous soils; therefore, Fe-enriching strategies may be used to overcome this issue. Field experiments were conducted with a randomized complete design with three replicates for evaluating the effectiveness of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) against traditional Fe compounds (sulfate or chelate), which have various shortcomings on Rose-scented geranium (RSG) herb in terms of plant growth, phytopharmaceuticales, essential oil (EO), and its constituents. Supplementation of Fe-sources considerably improved RSG plant growth and EO yield in the 1st and 2nd cut throughout the two seasons over non-treated control plants. A total of 11 compounds of RSG-EO were identified; the main constituents were citronellol, geraniol, and eugenol. The results indicate that EO composition was significantly affected by Fe-sources. Amendments of Fe-sources considerably augmented photosynthetic pigments, total carbohydrates, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, iron, manganese, zinc, phenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanin. Commonly, Fe-NPs with humic acid (Fe-NPs-HA) supplementation was superior to that of traditional sources. The highest values were recorded with spraying Fe-NPs-HA at 10 mg L−1 followed by 5 mg L−1, meanwhile, the lowest values were recorded in untreated control plants. Current findings support the effectiveness of nanoparticle treatment over Fe-sources for improving growth and yield while also being environmentally preferred in alkaline soil. These modifications possibly will be applicable to EO quality and its utilization in definite food and in medical applications.

Impact of Iron oxide nanoparticles on sustainable production of biogas through anaerobic co-digestion of chicken waste and wastewater

As The effect of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) on the anaerobic co-digestion (AD) of olive mill wastewater and chicken manure was investigated. In mesophilic conditions, biogas yield, methane (CH4) content, the removal efficiency of TS, VS., acidification and hydrolysis percentage, and contaminant removal efficiency were investigated. Supplementing AD with IONPs at a concentration of 20 mg/g VS. > IONPs and INOPs >30 mg/g VS. causes an inhibitor impact on biogas, methane generation, and hydrolysis. Furthermore, implantation with 20–30 mg of IONPs/kg VS. has induced an equivalent favorable impact, with hydrolysis percentages reaching roughly 7.2%–15.1% compared to the control test, in addition to a 1.3%–4.2% enhancement in methane generation yield. The maximum acidification concentration after five days of the incubation of 1,084, 9,463, and 760 g/L was attained with IONPs dosages of 25, 30, and 20 mg/g VS., respectively, compared to 713 g/L obtained with the control test. The results have illustrated that supplementing AD with a specific concentration of IONPs (20–30 mg/g VS.) has a significant effect and enhances the inhibitor removal efficiency, most possibly due to the small surface area of IONP particles. The resultant increase in the active surface area enhances the enzyme diffusion within the substrate. This study provides new data specifying the enhancement of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and identifies the impact of IONP doses at various concentrations on the AD of olive mill wastewater and chicken waste.

Varying Effects of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (IONPs) on the Bacterial Cells

Abstract: Nanoparticles have a wide range of responsive reactions in bacterial cells depending on their characteristics. They interact with organisms at a cellular level and are capable of producing unexpected reactions depending on their own and cell’s morphological features. Some functions provide betterment of cells and some cause disruptions in the cell functioning or exhibit toxicity for them. Nanoparticles, depending on their toxicity, can also cause alterations in cellular physiology. Different nanoparticles affect different biological species in different ways. As a result, a comprehensive investigation is necessary for all types of nanoparticles to demonstrate their beneficial and harmful effects on various species in terms of growth, inhibition, toxicity, and death. In this review, we have only focused on the iron nanoparticle and their effects on bacterial cells as they are the most commonly used nanoparticle in biology and microbiology because of their unique physicochemical properties (size, shape, stability, etc.). These properties of NPs allow them to react with the bacterial cell surfaces and create a response (which can either support the growth of the bacteria or cause an anti-bacterial or anti-microbial effect on them). These properties are also changeable if we alter the morphological features of the NPs. Studies have shown improvement in microbiological reaction rates by using magnetic nanoparticles. However, nanoparticle toxicity is the major area of concern, as it can decrease therapeutic efficiency and cause adverse effects. Considering the wide range of responses and their reasons, this review summarizes the effects an iron oxide nanoparticle can have on the bacterial cell in general, the factors that influence those effects, and the relation of NP's characteristics to their significant differences in effects on bacteria.

PB2172: IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES INHIBIT DIFFUSE LARGE B LYMPHOMA CELL SURVIVAL AND INVASION

Background: Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma world wide. It is a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous disease, accounting for 30-40% of all cases. 50%-70% of patients can be cured by the R-CHOP regimen, but nearly one-third of patients develop relapsed or refractory disease. Until now, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved iron supplement ferumoxytol and other iron oxide nanoparticles have been used for treating iron deficiency, as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging and as drug carriers. But recently, more studies have revealed a hidden intrinsic therapeutic effect of ferumoxytol on tumors, but the role and mechanism in DLBCL has not been reported yet. Aims: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on DLBCL cells proliferation and migration by in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Different concentrations of iron oxide nanoparticles were applied to DLBCL cell lines, such as SUDHL-2 and SUDHL-4 cells, and control cells were treated with equal amounts of PBS. The proliferation, migration, apoptosis and reactive oxygen (ROS) were detected by CCK8, transwell, flow cytometry (FC) and Multifunctional Fluorescence Enzyme Marker, respectively in vitro. The engraftment, tumor growth, dissemination and survival time were observed in BALB/c nude mice and NOD-SCID mice. Results: Iron oxide nanoparticles inhibited DLBCL cells proliferation, migration and anti-apoptosis ability. The mechanism involved in the proliferation and migration of DLBCL cells by promoting the production of ROS. Furthermore, administration of iron oxide nanoparticles decreased tumor growth and dissemination of DLBCL cells, and increased survival time in the xenograft model. Summary/Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that iron oxide nanoparticles cound inhibit DLBCL cells proliferation, migration, and promote apoptosis. The supplement of iron may, therefore, be a potential target for anticancer therapy in DLBCL.

Administration Routes as Modulators of the Intrahepatic Distribution and Anti-Anemic Activity of Salicylic Acid/Fe3O4 Nanoparticles.

The liver is a key organ in the pharmacokinetics of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). This paper examined how the intravenous (IV) or intragastric (IG) route of administration influenced the intrahepatic distribution or therapeutic effects of IONPs. Wistar rats, some with bleeding-induced anemia, and iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with salicylic acid (SaIONPs), with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 73 nm, compatible with rat sinusoid fenestrations, were used in this study. Light microscopy and multispectral camera analysis of Prussian blue labeled SaIONPs allowed mapping of intrahepatic nanoparticle deposits and revealed intrahepatic distribution patterns specific to each route of administration: loading of Kupffer cells and periportal hepatocytes when the IV route was used and predominant loading of hepatocytes when the IG route was used. Reducing the time to return to baseline values for hemoglobin (HGB) in rats with bleeding-induced anemia with IV or IG therapy has proven the therapeutic potential of SaIONPs in such anemias. The long-term follow-up showed that IV therapy resulted in higher HGB values. Proper use of the administration routes may modulate intrahepatic distribution and therapeutic effects of nanoparticles. These results may be beneficial in theragnosis of liver disease.

Osteogenesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles-Labeled Human Precartilaginous Stem Cells in Interpenetrating Network Printable Hydrogel.

Smart biomaterials combined with stem cell-based therapeutic strategies have brought innovation in the field of bone tissue regeneration. However, little is known about precartilaginous stem cells (PCSCs), which can be used as seed cells and incorporated with bioactive scaffolds for reconstructive tissue therapy of bone defects. Herein, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were employed to modulate the fate of PCSCs, resulting in the enhanced osteogenic differentiation potential both in vitro and in vivo. PCSCs were isolated from the ring of La-Croix extracted from polydactylism patient and identified through immunohistochemically staining using anti-FGFR-3 antibodies. Potential toxicity of IONPs toward PCSCs was assessed through cell viability, proliferation, and attachment assay, and the results demonstrated that IONPs exhibited excellent biocompatibility. After that, the effects of IONPs on osteogenic differentiation of PCSCs were evaluated and enhanced ALP activity, formation of mineralized nodule, and osteogenic-related genes expressions could be observed upon IONPs treatment. Moreover, in vivo bone regeneration assessment was performed using rabbit femur defects as a model. A novel methacrylated alginate and 4-arm poly (ethylene glycol)-acrylate (4A-PEGAcr)-based interpenetrating polymeric printable network (IPN) hydrogel was prepared for incorporation of IONPs-labeled PCSCs, where 4A-PEGAcr was the common component for three-dimensional (3D) printing. The implantation of IONPs-labeled PCSCs significantly accelerated the bone formation process, indicating that IONPs-labeled PCSCs could endow current scaffolds with excellent osteogenic ability. Together with the fact that the IONPs-labeled PCSCs-incorporated IPN hydrogel (PCSCs-hydrogels) was biosafety and printable, we believed that PCSCs-hydrogels with enhanced osteogenic bioactivity could enrich the stem cell-based therapeutic strategies for bone tissue regeneration.

Effects of iron oxide nanoparticles on phenotype and metabolite changes in hemp clones (Cannabis sativa L.)

Effects of iron oxide nanoparticles on phenotype and metabolite changes in hemp clones (Cannabis sativa L.)

Protective Effect of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Periodontal Injury in Rats by Inhibiting Collagenase-1 and Alkaline Phosphatase Expression

This study intends to assess whether iron oxide nanoparticles affect periodontal injury and collagenase-1 (COL-1), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in rats. In this study, the ALP activity and Col-1 concentration in rats with periodontal injury were determined.We detected the periodontal histopathological changes and expression of periodontal pocket depth (PD) and attachment loss (AL) by Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining.We also detected Col-1 and ALP proteins in periodontal tissues by Western blot. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detected Col-1 and ALP mRNA level in periodontal tissues of rats in each group, while ALP activity and Col-1 concentration in gingival crevicular fluid in model group increased compared to sham group (P < 0.05). After intervention by iron oxide nanoparticles, ALP activity and Col-1 concentration in the gingival crevicular fluid of model rats decreased greatly (P < 0.05). The gingival atrophy was more serious in model group, and many inflammatory cells infiltrated into the tissue and destroyed the alveolar tissue. Meanwhile, the periodontal tissue from rats in intervention group was greatly improved, and the degree of alveolar bone destruction was also significantly reduced, while the PD and AL periodontal indexes were significantly inhibited (P < 0.05). The protein and relative expression showed that the protein and mRNA expressions of ALP and Col-1 in periodontal tissue from model group were lower than those in sham group (P < 0.05). After intervention by iron oxide nanoparticles, the protein and mRNA expressions of ALP and Col-1 in the periodontal tissues in intervention group increased (P < 0.05). Iron oxide nanoparticles can thus inhibit the expression of ALP and COL-1 in periodontal injury rats, and improve the periodontal injury tissue.

Iron Oxide and Silicon Nanoparticles Modulate Mineral Nutrient Homeostasis and Metabolism in Cadmium-Stressed Phaseolus vulgaris.

The application of nanoparticles (NPs) has been proved as an efficient and promising technique for mitigating a wide range of stressors in plants. The present study elucidates the synergistic effect of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) in the attenuation of Cd toxicity in Phaseolus vulgaris. Seeds of P. vulgaris were treated with IONPs (10 mg/L) and SiNPs (20 mg/L). Seedlings of uniform size were transplanted to pots for 40 days. The results demonstrated that nanoparticles (NPs) enhanced growth, net photosynthetic rate, and gas exchange attributes in P. vulgaris plants grown in Cd-contaminated soil. Synergistic application of IONPs and SiNPs raised not only K+ content, but also biosynthesis of polyamines (PAs), which alleviated Cd stress in P. vulgaris seedlings. Additionally, NPs decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage (EL) in P. vulgaris plants exposed to Cd stress. These findings suggest that stress alleviation was mainly attributed to the enhanced accumulation of K+ content, improved antioxidant defense system, and higher spermidine (Spd) and putrescine (Put) levels. It is suggested that various forms of NPs can be applied synergistically to minimize heavy metal stress, thus increasing crop production under stressed conditions.

Development of nanocomposite biodegradable film containing iron nanoparticles biosynthesised by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

SummaryThe use of nanoparticles in biodegradable films has been shown to improve their characteristics in food packaging. The study was designed to investigate the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and lysed yeast cells residue (YSR) on the properties of whey protein concentrate (WPC) films. IONPs (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm) biosynthesised by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and YSR were used to prepare WPC films. The addition of IONPs and YSR increased the tensile strength (TS) of the films by approximately 2.6 MPa compared with the control films (P &lt; 0.05). Percent elongation and water vapour permeability of the films decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) by the contribution of IONPs. All the films did not inhibit the growth of tested microorganisms. The incorporation of YSR in the film also did not make a significant change in any properties of the film (P &gt; 0.05). The results indicated the usefulness of IONPs incorporation into WPC films to enhance mechanical but not antimicrobial properties.

Iron oxide nanoparticles loaded with paclitaxel inhibits glioblastoma by enhancing autophagy-dependent ferroptosis pathway

ObjectiveTo explore inhibitory effect of iron oxide nanoparticles loaded with paclitaxel (IONP@PTX) on glioblastoma (GBM) and its potential mechanism. MethodsIONP@PTX was synthesized and the characteristics were assessed by chemico-physical analysis and observed directly under transmission electron microscope. U251 cells and HMC3 cells were separately incubated with IONP@PTX and PTX, and then cell viability was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8. The capacity of cell invasive and migration was verified by Scratch wound healing and Transwell migration and invasion assays. Expressions levels of autophagy and ferroptosis biomarkers were demonstrated by Western blotting assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation were detected with DCFH-DA and C11-BODIPY staining, respectively. Intracellular concentration of iron ions was quantified spectrophotometrically. Moreover, inhibitory effect of IONP@PTX on GBM was evaluated by monitoring tumor growth and the toxicity of IONP@PTX was evaluated by measuring the body weight and index of liver and spleen in the mice bearing GBM xenograft. ResultsThe successfully synthesized IONP@PTX possesses a hydrate diameter about 36 nm and a core diameter around 10 nm. IONP@PTX exerted an inhibitory effect on U251 cells, but had little effect on HMC3 cells compared with PTX alone. In addition, IONP@PTX inhibited the capacity of cell migration and invasion, increased the levels of iron ions, ROS and lipid peroxidation, enhanced the expression of autophagy-related protein Beclin1 and LC3II, and suppressed the expression of p62 and ferroptosis-related protein GPX4 in vitro compared with control group. Moreover, administration of IONP@PTX suppressed tumor volume of GBM xenografts and decreased the expression level of GPX4 protein in tumor tissues in comparison with control group (All P < 0.05). Intriguingly, the effect of IONP@PTX on GBM could be weakened by additional 3-MA or enhanced by additional rapamycin in vitro and in vivo (P < 0.05). More importantly, IONP@PTX had no obvious toxic effect on mice bearing GBM xenograft. ConclusionIONP@PTX inhibits GBM growth by enhancing autophagy-dependent ferroptosis pathway, thus it might become a potential ferroptosis-inducing agent for ferroptosis-based tumor therapy.

Effects of iron oxide nanoparticles as T2-MRI contrast agents on reproductive system in male mice

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs)-based contrast agents are widely used for T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in clinical diagnosis, highlighting the necessity and importance to evaluate their potential systematic toxicities. Although a few previous studies have documented the toxicity concerns of IONPs to major organs, limited data are available on the potential reproductive toxicity caused by IONPs, especially when administrated via intravenous injection to mimic clinical use of MRI contrast agents. Our study aimed to determine whether exposure to IONPs would affect male reproductive system and cause other related health concerns in ICR mice. The mice were intravenously injected with different concentrations IONPs once followed by routine toxicity tests of major organs and a series of reproductive function-related analyses at different timepoints. As a result, most of the contrast agents were captured by reticuloendothelial system (RES) organs such as liver and spleen, while IONPs have not presented adverse effects on the normal function of these major organs. In contrast, although IONPs were not able to enter testis through the blood testicular barrier (BTB), and they have not obviously impaired the overall testicular function or altered the serum sex hormones levels, IONPs exposure could damage Sertoli cells in BTB especially at a relative high concentration. Moreover, IONPs administration led to a short-term reduction in the quantity and quality of sperms in a dose-dependent manner, which might be attributed to the increase of oxidative stress and apoptotic activity in epididymis. However, the semen parameters have gradually returned to the normal range within 14 days after the initial injection of IONPs. Collectively, these results demonstrated that IONPs could cause reversible damage to the reproductive system of male mice without affecting the main organs, providing new guidance for the clinical application of IONPs as T2-MRI contrast agents.Graphical