Effectiveness Of Cognitive Rehabilitation Research Articles

Evidence for the Effectiveness of Cognitive Rehabilitation Interventions to Improve Quality of Life for Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract Date Presented 04/20/2023 This systematic review found moderate evidence for the effects of cognitive rehabilitation, including contextualized, educational, and hybrid cognitive rehabilitation, on improving quality of life for people with a traumatic brain injury. Primary Author and Speaker: Jennifer N. King Additional Authors and Speakers: Valerie Ballinger, Garrett Bahney, Arianna Koppen

Effect of Cognitive Rehabilitation by Auditory Stroop Training on Quality of Life of Individuals with Tinnitus

Effect of Cognitive Rehabilitation by Auditory Stroop Training on Quality of Life of Individuals with Tinnitus

Investigating the Effect of Cognitive Rehabilitation on the Memory Improvement of Patients With Alzheimer

Objectives: Alzheimer is the most prevalent cognitive disturbance with a high spread rate among the elderly. The current research aims to investigate the impact of cognitive rehabilitation on the memory improvement of Alzheimer disease patients. Methods: This was a semi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test designs. The statistical population in Baghdad City, Iraq, in 2021 included 60 patients with Alzheimer and was divided into an experimental (n=30) and a control group (n=30). The patient’s cognitive abilities were assessed before the intervention (pre-test), promptly after the intervention (post-test), and 2 months later (follow-up). The experimental group had twenty-eight 45-min sessions of training based on the Montessori method (2 sessions per week). The data were analyzed via the SPSS software, version 19, using the independent t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance. The results had a P<0.05. Results: The findings of the independent t-test demonstrated no significant difference between the scores of both groups during the pre-test stage (P>0.05); however, the difference was significant during the post-test and follow-up stages (P<0.001). In addition, the findings of the repeated measure analysis of variance indicated a significant difference between both groups’ mean scores in the post-test and follow-up (P<0.001). Discussion: Cognitive rehabilitation can help patients with memory disorders and positively affect their memory performance.

The Effectiveness of Cognitive Rehabilitation on Improving the Cognitive Abilities of the Elderly

Objectives The stagnation of mental activity in aging is associated with a decline in the function of all body systems, including cardiovascular, respiratory, genital, glandular, immune, and other organs. Cognitive disorders are also one of the most common problems in aging, which in turn exposes them at risk. Aging is associated with significant changes in memory, intelligence, perception, metacognition, recall, problem-solving, and other cognitive abilities. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation in improving the cognitive abilities of the elderly. Methods & Materials The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included elderly people living in nursing homes in Kermanshah City, Iran, from which 24 people were selected by convenience sampling method and according to the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent 20 sessions of 35 minutes twice a week with the Captain Log cognitive rehabilitation program, during which time the control group did not receive any intervention. After the intervention, post-test was performed for both groups. Research tools included a cognitive rescue skills questionnaire and Captain Log rehabilitation software. Descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data using SPSS software, version 24. Results The results of data analysis showed that F statistic for dependent components, including memory (F=193.57, P<0.001), selective attention (F=375.43, P<0.001), decision-making (F=39.20, P<0.001), planning (F=120.003, P<0.001), sustained attention (F=312.07, P<0.001), flexibility (F=91.44, P<0.001), and social cognition (F=4.48, P<0.05) are significant at the level of 0.05 and 0.01. Therefore, it can be concluded that the cognitive rehabilitation program has improved the cognitive abilities of the elderly. Conclusion Considering that cognitive rehabilitation has a significant effect on the neural activities of brain areas related to cognitive abilities and improves their function, it can be used as a suitable method to improve cognitive abilities.

The Effects of Cognitive Rehabilitation on Pragmatic Language in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Meta-Analysis

Purpose:This meta-analysis addressed the research question: In adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI), does cognitive rehabilitation improve pragmatic language?Method:Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted to identify empirical studies that met inclusion criteria including (a) adults (18 years and older) with TBI, (b) a cognitive-based intervention, and (c) reported quantitative pragmatic language outcome measures data. A meta-analysis was conducted on pragmatic language outcome measures. Cohen'sdand a 95% confidence interval were used to evaluate the intervention effect.Results:After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria to 640 eligible papers, six studies (N= 76 participants combined across articles) remained. Results showed that cognitive rehabilitation targeting skills used in communication has a large, positive effect (Cohen'sd= 0.89 [0.54,1.24]) on improving pragmatic language abilities in adults with TBI.Conclusions:This meta-analysis provides evidence that cognitive rehabilitative protocols created in collaboration with speech-language pathologists (SLPs) have a significant impact on improving pragmatic language abilities of adults with TBI. This is important for SLPs to consider when determining a treatment approach when working with adults diagnosed with a TBI who have deficits in the area of pragmatic language.

Smartphone use as an efficient tool to improve anomia in primary progressive aphasia

ABSTRACT Cognitive interventions are helpful in the non-pharmacological management of Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and other neurodegenerative disorders of cognition, by helping patients to compensate for their cognitive deficits and improve their functional independence. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation based on the use of mobile device technology in PPA. The aim of this research study was to determine if BL, a patient with semantic variant PPA (svPPA) and severe anomia, was able to learn using specific smartphone functions and an application to reduce her word finding difficulties. She was trained during the intervention sessions on a list of target pictures to measure changes in picture naming performance. Errorless learning was applied during learning. BL quickly learned to use smartphone functions and the application over the course of the intervention. She significantly improved her anomia for trained pictures, and to a lesser extent for untrained semantically related pictures. Picture naming performance was maintained six months after the intervention, and she continued to use her smartphone regularly to communicate with family members and friends. This study confirms that smartphone use can be learned in PPA, which can help reduce the symptoms of anomia and improve communication skills.

Effects of cognitive rehabilitation interventions on non-central nervous system cancer survivors: A meta-analysis

IntroductionCancer treatments can have a detrimental impact on cancer survivors’ cognitive function. Cognitive rehabilitation is considered the first-line intervention to address cognitive difficulties of cancer survivors. Nevertheless, its efficacy remains unclear.ObjectivesThis meta-analysis aimed to understand the effects of cognitive rehabilitation in non-central system (non-CNS) cancer survivors, through the assessment of the overall efficacy on subjective cognitive outcomes.MethodsThis meta-analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis statement. An electronic search on the databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted in May 2021, considering the past 15 years, by two independent authors. Studies were eligible if they included cancer survivors (excluding CNS cancers) who were exposed to cognitive rehabilitation interventions, in which the subjective cognitive effects were measured through self-report questionnaires. The quality of studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials. The effect size was the standardized mean difference in the cognitive assessment, between baseline and post-intervention. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using I2 Statistic. Publication bias was evaluated with Egger’s test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The meta-analysis was performed using R software.ResultsAmong 14 studies, with 1115 cancer survivors, one study included a pediatric population, other young adult survivors, and the remaining adult population. The most used scale for measuring cognitive changes was the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function (FACT-Cog) and, as recommended, the Perceived Cognitive Impairments (PCI) subscale was used as the primary measure of subjective cognitive function. Results indicated beneficial effects following cognitive rehabilitation, with an overall standard mean difference between pre- and post-treatment of 3.4447, with CI95% [1.5543; 5.3350], p-value<0.0004. The subgroup analysis between the measures of cognitive outcomes showed that the heterogeneity is Group=Other 0.00% (I2) and for the Group=FACT-Cog PCI is 86% (I2). Analyzing the FACT-Cog PCI, the CI95% [-2.93; 6.43] includes 0, meaning that the overall effect in this subgroup is non-significant. The meta-analysis does not demonstrate publication bias (p-value of the Egger test=0.3220).ConclusionsImprovement of cognitive function in non-CNS survivors throughout cognitive rehabilitation appears to be effective. The findings of this meta-analysis can help inform clinical practice and assist practitioners in recommending and developing interventions of cognitive rehabilitation and deciding how to evaluate them. Further research is required to strengthen this evidence.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Comparing the effectiveness of multisensory stimulation and cognitive rehabilitation on mental state, memory and sleep disorder in elderly women with cognitive impairments

Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of multisensory stimulation and cognitive rehabilitation on mental state, clinical memory and sleep disorder in elderly women with cognitive impairments. Methods: The current research was conducted as a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with control and follow-up groups. The statistical population consisted of 30 elderly women referring to nursing homes in Tehran, who were divided into two experimental and control groups by a simple random method. To collect data from Folstein mental state questionnaires (1975), Wechsler Bluber clinical memory questionnaire (1939), Petersburg Boyce et al. sleep quality questionnaire (1989) and cognitive deficits questionnaire (national surveys standard of the Ministry of Health and Iran Statistics Center) used. The data was analyzed using SPSS-21 software and mixed analysis of variance tests. Results: According to the results of multisensory stimulation and cognitive rehabilitation, it improves mental status (F=28.58, P<0.001), clinical memory (F=20.27, P<0.001), and sleep disorder (F=12.43, P<0.001) has a significant effect in the elderly with cognitive defects (P<0.01). The effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation is greater compared to multisensory stimulation on the mental state and clinical memory of the elderly (P<0.01); However, the effectiveness of multisensory stimulation on the sleep disorder of the elderly is more than the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation (P<0.01). Conclusion: This method can be used to improve the cognitive ability and, as a result, the quality of life of the elderly independently and together with clinical and subclinical cognitive treatments.

Effect of Cognitive Rehabilitation on Cognitive State and Depression of Older Men With Mild Cognitive Impairment Living in Nursing Homes

Objectives: Aging is a sensitive period in life. Due to the increase in the aging population and the possibility of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and depression in the elderly, it is necessary to prevent Alzheimer’s disease in these patients by improving their cognitive status and depression. The present study aims to investigate the effect of cognitive rehabilitation on the cognitive status and depression of older men with MCI. Methods & Materials: This is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest/posttest design using a control group. The study population consists of older men aged ≥60 years with MCI living in a nursing home in Kerman, Iran in 2021. Using a purposeful sampling method, 24 eligible older men were selected and randomly assigned to two groups of control (n=12) and intervention (n=12). Evaluation of cognitive state and depression was performed using the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Geriatric Depression Scale, respectively before and after the intervention. Cognitive rehabilitation program was presented at 12 one-hour sessions in the intervention group. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance in SPSS software, version 19. Results: The cognitive rehabilitation program had a significant effect on improving cognitive state and reducing depression in the elderly with MCI (P<0.05). Conclusion: The cognitive rehabilitation program is recommended as a non-pharmacological treatment to improve cognitive status and reduce depression in older men with MCI.

Effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation on mild cognitive impairment using teleneuropsychology.

To measure the effects of cognitive telerehabilitation on cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and memory strategies in a cohort of patients with mild cognitive impairment. A sample of 60 patients with mild cognitive impairment according to Petersen's criteria was randomly divided into two groups: 30 treatment cases and 30 controls (waiting list group). Subjects were matched by age, sex, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The treatment group received ten cognitive telerehabilitation sessions of 45 minutes duration once a week. Pre-treatment (week 0) and post-treatment (week 10) measures were assessed for both groups. Different linear mixed models were estimated to test treatment effect (cognitive telerehabilitation vs. controls) on each outcome of interest over time (pre/post-intervention). A significant group (control/treatment) x time (pre/post) interaction revealed that the treatment group at week 10 had better scores in cognitive variables: memory (RAVLT learning trials p=0.030; RAVLT delayed recall p=0.029), phonological fluency (p=0.001), activities of daily living (FAQ p=0.001), satisfaction with memory performance (MMQ satisfaction p=0.004) and use of memory strategies (MMQ strategy p=0.000), as well as, and a significant reduction of affective symptomatology: depression (GDS p=0.000), neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPI-Q p=0.045), forgetfulness (EDO-10 p=0.000), and stress (DAS stress p=0.000). Our study suggests that CTR is an effective intervention.

A review on the impact of cognitive rehabilitation on patients with traumatic brain impairment

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most major causes of disability, especially cognitive problems and mortality in worldwide. Present study aims are the effect of cognitive rehabilitation for improving cognitive function in patients with traumatic brain injury.

Сognitive rehabilitation methods in multiple sclerosis patients

The prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis is 40 to 65%. Improvement of cognitive-oriented therapy and search for its new techniques is considered to be promising for slowing the progression or for recovery of cognitive functions. It is related to low efficacy of medical treatment, preserved neuroplasticity in most patients with multiple sclerosis, positive results of studies on selected cognitive rehabilitation techniques in other nervous system disorders. The spectrum of techniques for cognitive training varies from technically feasible methods using a sheet of paper and a pen to the most advanced ones, such as the use of immersive virtual reality. The effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation in patients with multiple sclerosis with virtual reality technologies has not been studied in large-scale randomized placebo-controlled studies.

Review of clinical trials on the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation in patients with traumatic brain injury

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can impact patients' cognitive functioning and quality of life. This study assesses the effectiveness of cognitive interventions in TBI patients and examines factors influencing their success, aiming to enhance care and customize treatments for optimal rehabilitation outcomes. Methods: a systematic review of 31 scientific articles evaluating the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation in patients with traumatic brain injuries was conducted, following the PRISMA workflow. The studies covered the period from 2017 to 2021, and specific terms were used to search the PubMed and Scopus databases. Results: the research on cognitive interventions in patients with traumatic brain injuries has involved various countries, with notable contributions from the United States, Norway, the United Kingdom, and Canada. Cognitive training has proven to be effective, showing significant improvements in symptoms and quality of life. Other therapies, such as transcranial direct stimulation and vocational rehabilitation, have also been investigated. Conclusions: cognitive training has proven to be an effective technique in managing traumatic brain injuries, demonstrating significant improvements in composite cognitive measures and patients' quality of life. Some therapies, such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy, have shown promising results in treating symptoms such as post-traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety in patients with traumatic brain injuries.

The effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation in improving working memory, motor skills, visual processing, and perception of spatial relationships in children with math learning disabilities

The effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation in improving working memory, motor skills, visual processing, and perception of spatial relationships in children with math learning disabilities

A review on the impact of cognitive rehabilitation on patients with traumatic brain impairment

Objectives: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is one of the most major causes of disability, especially cognitive problems and mortality in worldwide. Present study aims are the effect of cognitive rehabilitation for improving cognitive function in patients with traumatic brain injury.

Premorbid factors of early post-stroke cognitive impairment

The aim of this study is to identify and substantiate early cognitive dysfunction in patients with brain damage in the acute period of ischemic stroke.Materials and research methods. The study included 140 elderly patients. The main group included 70 patients of Vascular Surgery Center with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke in the carotid pool, the control group consisted of 70 outpatients. Cognitive function and psycho-emotional background were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Function Scale, tests for kinetic, constructive and ideation praxis, the Stroop test, the Boston Naming Test, the apathy rating scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the MFI-20 asthenia scale. Assessment of neuroimaging parameters was carried out usingcomputed tomography. Assessment of long-latency acoustic endogenous evoked potential P300 using the «oddball active» paradigm technique was used for neurophysiological examination.Research results. Ischemic stroke was more often detected in the parietal, frontal lobes and basal ganglia. Moderate cognitive impairment was detected in 57.5% of patients with stroke and 27.5% of the control group. Dementia was diagnosed in 30% of patients in the main group and 5% of the control group. In patients with IS indicators characterizing the executive function, praxis, speech, attention, memory, depression, and apathy were statistically significantly lower comparing with the control group. The analysis of neurophysiological data revealed a statistically significant prolongation of the latency of the P300 wave in all leads and a decrease in the amplitude of the P300 peak in leads Cz and C3 in patients of the main group. Conclusion. Within the framework of this study, significant factors in the development of early post-stroke cognitive impairment were established. Dysfunction in attention, executive function, episodic memory, and speech is the result of a combination of causes directly related to cerebrovascular disease and pre-stroke factors. The evoked potential method reflects the degree of cognitive decline and can be used as a method for assessing the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation in stroke patients.

The Effectiveness of Cognitive Rehabilitation on Executive Functions in Substance-Dependent Individuals

The Effectiveness of Cognitive Rehabilitation on Executive Functions in Substance-Dependent Individuals

Combined Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Cognitive Rehabilitation on Working Memory of Patients with Chronic Stroke

Background: Working memory is one of the cognitive aspects that may be damaged in patients suffering from a stroke. According to evidence, repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and cognitive interventions could affect cognitive function in healthy individuals or patients with neurological diseases. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the combined effect of high-frequency rTMS in the left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) region of the brain and cognitive rehabilitation on the working memory of stroke patients. Methods: In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial with a pretest-posttest design, 18 post-stroke chronic patients aged 55 to 75 years were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The working memory score was measured using the N-back test in the two groups before the interventions. Then, both groups participated in rTMS intervention sessions, except that in the control group, changing the coil angle prevented the waves from reaching the brain. The rTMS interventions were performed for each patient in 15 sessions of six minutes, three days a week. In addition, both groups received computer-based cognitive rehabilitation therapy immediately after each rTMS session for 30 to 40 minutes. These practices included working memory rehabilitation in Captain's Log software used at the adult level. Each level had 15 steps, and the difficulty of the exercises increased with increasing steps. Finally, the working memory was remeasured after the intervention sessions. Results: The use of rTMS on the left DLPFC region significantly improved the working memory of stroke people in the experimental group compared to the control group (P = 0.027). In addition, the difference before and after the interventions in both groups was significant for this variable (P < 0.001), which indicates the positive effect of cognitive rehabilitation on reducing cognitive problems. Conclusions: Although cognitive rehabilitation using software is effective on working memory, using rTMS along with cognitive rehabilitation in the left DLPFC area has a more significant effect on improving working memory in people with chronic stroke.

Combined Effect of Repetitive Transcableranial Magnetic Stimulation and Cognitive Rehabilitation on Working Memory of Patients with Chronic Stroke

Background: Working memory is one of the cognitive aspects that may be damaged in patients suffering from a stroke. According to evidence, repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and cognitive interventions could affect cognitive function in healthy individuals or patients with neurological diseases. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the combined effect of high-frequency rTMS in the left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) region of the brain and cognitive rehabilitation on the working memory of stroke patients. Methods: In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial with a pretest-posttest design, 18 post-stroke chronic patients aged 55 to 75 years were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The working memory score was measured using the N-back test in the two groups before the interventions. Then, both groups participated in rTMS intervention sessions, except that in the control group, changing the coil angle prevented the waves from reaching the brain. The rTMS interventions were performed for each patient in 15 sessions of six minutes, three days a week. In addition, both groups received computer-based cognitive rehabilitation therapy immediately after each rTMS session for 30 to 40 minutes. These practices included working memory rehabilitation in Captain's Log software used at the adult level. Each level had 15 steps, and the difficulty of the exercises increased with increasing steps. Finally, the working memory was remeasured after the intervention sessions. Results: The use of rTMS on the left DLPFC region significantly improved the working memory of stroke people in the experimental group compared to the control group (P = 0.027). In addition, the difference before and after the interventions in both groups was significant for this variable (P < 0.001), which indicates the positive effect of cognitive rehabilitation on reducing cognitive problems. Conclusions: Although cognitive rehabilitation using software is effective on working memory, using rTMS along with cognitive rehabilitation in the left DLPFC area has a more significant effect on improving working memory in people with chronic stroke.

The Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive Rehabilitation and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Executive Functions of Combat Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Background: According to the fact that executive functions are set of interrelated skills that highly influence the standards of living of the surviving combat veterans, this research was conducted with the aim of examining the effect of cognitive rehabilitation and Transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) on the executive functions of surviving combat veterans with PTSD. Methods: In quasi-experimental research, 60 combat veterans with PTSD in Kermanshah were chosen by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to four experimental groups (2 treatment groups, placebo/sham group, a control group). In order to collect data, the Barclays Psychological Performance Disorder Assessment Questionnaire (BDEFS), and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder List (Wooders et al. 1994) were applied. The obtained data were analyzed by applying Multivariable Analyze of Covariance. Results: The results of the Fisher's Least Significant Difference (LSD) Post-Hoc test showed that TDCS is more effective than Cognitive Rehabilitation in promoting self-control/ inhibition, self-motivation, emotion self-regulation, and total score of executive functions (P < 0.01) and (P < 0.05). Finally, the results indicated that the post-test results were repeated in the follow-up test and this represents the stability of the effectiveness of TDCS and Cognitive Rehabilitation on the mentioned constructs. Conclusions: The results of the current research can be used as a new approach to reduce the problems of veterans with PTSD, and enhance the quality of their life by improving their executive functioning.