Effectiveness Of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Research Articles

The Effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Driving While Intoxicated Recidivism

This longitudinal study examined differences in driving while intoxicated (DWI) recidivism among defendants with multiple DWI offenses after receiving a 16-week cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) program compared with those who received standard services. Defendants on probation supervision with histories of repeated DWI offenses ( N = 286; male = 240, female = 46) were referred to CBT. There was a significant difference in DWI recidivism 3 years after CBT among participants (11%) and the New York State (25%) and national (30%) rates; the comparison group reoffended at the rate of 25%. Level of Service Inventory–Revised (LSI-R) scores of the CBT group also decreased significantly compared with the comparison group, and CBT participants showed significant improvement in overall functioning measured by Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). CBT offered in this innovative manner was more effective with recalcitrant, hard to treat, DWI offenders. It may also benefit precontemplative offenders by helping them recognize that their drinking is negatively impacting their lives and may warrant more traditional alcohol treatment.

Hypnotherapy for Anxiety Disorders -- Theoretical and Practical Approach

From all the psychological ways to relieve anxiety, relaxation exercises and hypnotherapy have been recommended long ago, evidence of their effectiveness if applied alone was difficult to determine, so in practice we recommend an integrative approach.Beskin and (1980) also noted that these relaxation exercises are ineffective for the treatment of chronic anxiety, unless other methods are applied at the same time.Barlow et al. (1984) presented one of the first well-controlled research and could determine the effectiveness of a "package" of treatments combining cognitive processes and methods of hypnosis/relaxation. They compared the effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy with the changes observed on patients in the control group.Package treatment of cognitive-behavioral intervention includes the following components: relaxation training, stress immunization training and cognitive procedures.The treatment effects were assessed by multiple measurements: clinical evaluation, various self-assessment tools, daily self-evaluation of anxiety, anxiety questionnaire and psycho-physiological measurements. So it was established the procedures’ effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy combined with relaxation.

‘CBT-I in Cancer: We Know It Works, so Why Are We Waiting?’

Insomnia is one of the most frequently reported and debilitating difficulties associated with cancer. Recent decades have seen a move from pharmacological interventions for insomnia, to non-pharmacological, cognitive behavioural therapies (CBT-I). Numerous clinical trials have established the effectiveness of CBT-I in the general population and more recently, in those with insomnia associated with cancer. However, despite these promising outcomes, the availability of such therapies remains limited across cancer services. Recent years have seen developments to widen access to CBT-I, including the use of internet-based resources. Such developments may offer a useful means of overcoming the availability and access issues of CBT-I for those with insomnia associated with cancer.

(517) Effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on brain connectivity supporting hyperalgesia in fibromyalgia patients

(517) Effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on brain connectivity supporting hyperalgesia in fibromyalgia patients

Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on Quality of Life (QOL) and Worry in Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is one of the most common anxiety disorders. It has been reported that psychological treatments like Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is effective for patients with GAD. The purpose of the present research was to investigate the effectiveness of CBT on Quality of Life (QOL) and worry in patients with GAD. A sample of 30 patients with GAD who had been referred to psychiatry offices in Isfahan, Iran were selected and assigned into an experimental group (n=15) and a control group (n=15) randomly. The experimental group received CBT in 8 weekly sessions. All participants completed the World Health Organization Quality Of Life-Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire and the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) at pretest, posttest and follow up. The results of MANCOVA showed that the mean scores of QOL in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group at the posttest and follow up (P<0.05) and the mean scores of worry in the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group at the posttest and follow up (P<0.05) It is concluded that CBT can be applied for the patients with GAD as a useful psychological treatment. In general, CBT can improve QOL and decrease worry in patients with GAD.

Brief cognitive-behavioral therapy effects on post-treatment suicide attempts in a military sample: results of a randomized clinical trial with 2-year follow-up.

The authors evaluated the effectiveness of brief cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for the prevention of suicide attempts in military personnel. In a randomized controlled trial, active-duty Army soldiers at Fort Carson, Colo., who either attempted suicide or experienced suicidal ideation with intent, were randomly assigned to treatment as usual (N=76) or treatment as usual plus brief CBT (N=76). Assessment of incidence of suicide attempts during the follow-up period was conducted with the Suicide Attempt Self-Injury Interview. Inclusion criteria were the presence of suicidal ideation with intent to die during the past week and/or a suicide attempt within the past month. Soldiers were excluded if they had a medical or psychiatric condition that would prevent informed consent or participation in outpatient treatment, such as active psychosis or mania. To determine treatment efficacy with regard to incidence and time to suicide attempt, survival curve analyses were conducted. Differences in psychiatric symptoms were evaluated using longitudinal random-effects models. From baseline to the 24-month follow-up assessment, eight participants in brief CBT (13.8%) and 18 participants in treatment as usual (40.2%) made at least one suicide attempt (hazard ratio=0.38, 95% CI=0.16-0.87, number needed to treat=3.88), suggesting that soldiers in brief CBT were approximately 60% less likely to make a suicide attempt during follow-up than soldiers in treatment as usual. There were no between-group differences in severity of psychiatric symptoms. Brief CBT was effective in preventing follow-up suicide attempts among active-duty military service members with current suicidal ideation and/or a recent suicide attempt.

Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavior Therapy on Cognitive Flexibility in Perfectionist

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the cognitive behaviour therapy on the perfectionist students’ cognitive flexibility. The population in the research included students of Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology on 2014 that were high perfectionism. In this study by using a Purposive sampling we included 31 students among whom were perfectionism based on FMPS scale. Method of research was semi-experimental study and the type of pre-test and post test with control and instrumentals of study was cognitive flexibility questionnaire, perfectionism of frost. First, pretests are completed by both groups. After the group therapy (which consisted of eight ninety-minute sessions) was finished, the post-test was carried out for both control and experimental groups. After the group therapy (which consisted of eight ninety-minute sessions) was finished, the post-test was carried out for both control and experimental groups. For the analysis of data, Analysis of MANCOVA was used to analyze data. Results showed that the cognitive behavior therapy has affected on cognitive flexibility and decreased perfectionism. These results had continued in stage of following up. Conclusions increased perfectionism of student by improving their cognitive flexibility and these had continued because of practice in stage of following up.

A Case Series of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Augmentation of Antidepressant Medication for Anxiety in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Objective: To provide preliminary estimates of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating anxiety disorders among youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) whose anxiety remained clinically problematic following an adequate course of pharmacotherapy.Method: Seven youth with ASD and one or more comorbid anxiety disorders, who were non- or partial-responders to serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) treatment delivered by their community provider (age range = 12–15 years), received 16 sessions of weekly CBT. Assessments were administered at baseline, approximately 17 weeks following baseline (pre-treatment), and after receiving CBT (post-treatment).Results: Four of seven participants were classified as treatment responders (much or very much improved) at post-treatment. Clinician severity ratings for 6 of 7 participants—as measured by the PARS, ADIS-IV-P, and CGI-Severity—decreased following CBT, with effect sizes ranging from 1.35 to 1.54. Parent-rated anxiety and ASD symptoms in the child were not significantly reduced.Conclusions: This study provides preliminary support for use of CBT in augmenting SRI treatment in youth with ASD and anxiety.

Análisis de la eficacia de un tratamiento grupal cognitivo-conductual en sujetos con somatizaciones.

The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy has been questioned, despite offering positive results. This article presents the results obtained by an intervention with cognitive-behavioral group therapy, conducted at a mental health service in a public health system, with the aim of assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of this intervention strategy. It has followed a quasi-experimental design with 136 users having associated physical and emotional discomfort, composing two groups of subjects: 90 participants and 46 controls. The results showed that lower doses of benzodiazepines in psychiatrical prescriptions at post-treatment and clinical improvement has induced higher discharged rates in participants. The self-reports indicate physical and emotional improvements in over 60% of the participants.The relationship between results and some variables was valued and criticisms of the effectiveness of these treatments are discussed, as compared with data obtained.

Test anxiety among Ilam UMS’ Students, 2012

AbstractBackground and aim: In today’s era of academic competition test anxiety among students is increasing. Anxiety may result in difficulty in concentration and information processing and hampers students’ performance. The current study aimed to determine test anxiety among Ilam UMS’ students.Method and materials: A descriptive correlational design was used. The sample of the study consisted of one hundred and seventy undergraduate students which were included in the study by stratified random sampling. Data were collected by using Sarason’s Test Anxiety Scale (TAS). Data were collected three weeks prior to examination date and were analyzed using descriptive methods by SPSS software.Findings: Our findings showed that 34.1%, 51.8%, and 14.1% of students experienced mild, moderate, and severe test anxiety levels, respectively. Further, a significant relationship was found between test anxiety score with only residency status at 0.05 level. In other words, nursing, local, and married students showed more test anxiety. However, no relationship was seen between test anxiety with age and gender.Conclusion: since anxiety has negative effects on educational performance, implementing anxiety preventive programs including psychological consulting services, identifying & improving potential causes are suggested. Much more attention should be paid to high risk students, local, and especially married and nursing students.Key words: Test Anxiety Prevalence, Students, Ilam REFERENCES Abulghasemi, A (2008), [Test anxiety, causes, assessment & treatment. Psychological Research],5(3-4),82-97. (Persian) Aghaie, E, Abedi, A & Jamali Paghale, S (2012), [Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavior interventions in the reduction of test anxiety in Iran. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology] 18(1), 3-12. (Persian) Biabangard, E (2008), Methods of preventing academic failure, Tehran, Parents and Teachers Association . (Persian) Boor, M (1980), Test anxiety and classroom examination performance: a reply to Daniels and Hewitt (1978). Journal of Clinical Psychology , 36(1), 177-9. Cheraghian, B, Fereiduni Moghadam, M, Barazpardanjani, Sh, Bavarsad, N (2008), A review of test anxiety and its relationship with academic performance in nursing students. Knowledge& Health Magazine . 3(3-4), 25-9. (Persian) Clark, JW, Fox, PA & Schneider, HG (1998), Feedback, test anxiety and performance in a college course. Psychological Reports , 82(1),203-8. Eizadifard, R, Sepasi Ashtiani, M (2010), Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy with problem solving skills training on reduction of test anxiety symptoms. Journal of Behavioral Sciences ,4(1),23-7. (Persian) Hancock, DR (2001), Effects of test anxiety and evaluative threat on students’ achievement and motivation, Journal of Educational Research , 94(5), 284-90. 1392 زییاپ ،82 هرامش ،23 هرود / 6 ناراکمه و یباراد میرم Hatami, Z & Ardalan, M (2010), Assessment of the level of test anxiety in the students of the Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences & its related factors. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences ,14(4),99-105. (Persian) Heravi, M, Jadid Milani, M, Regea, N, Valaie, N(2004), The effect of relaxation training on exam driven anxiety level among nursing students. Journal Mazandaran Univ Med Sci ,14(43),86-92. (Persian) Jomee Pour, A, (2006), Freedom from anxiety, Mashhad, Faragozinesh . (Persian) Khadivzadeh, T, Seif, AA & Valaei, N (2002), Learning and study strategy and success rate in university students, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 1999. Pejouhandeh ,7(1),35-42. (Persian) Khosravi, M & Bigdely, IA, (2008), The relationship between personality factors and test anxiety among university students. Journal of Behavioral Sciences ,2(1),13-24. (Persian) Lashkaripour, K, Bakhshani, NM & Solaimani, MJ, (2006), The relationship between test anxiety and academic achievement in students of guidance schools in Zahedan in 2006. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences (Tabib-E-Shargh),8(4),253-9. (Persian) Moaadeli, Z, Ghazanfari Hesamabadi, M, 2004, ‘Evaluation of test anxiety in students of nursing and midwifery school of Hazrat Fatima (SA) Spring 2004’. Strides in development of medical education ,1(2),65-72. (Persian) Mousavi, M, Haghshenas, H, Alishahi, M, Najmi, B,l (2008), Anxiety test and some correlated socio-demographic factors in high school students in Shiraz. Journal of Research in Behavioral Sciences , 6(1),17-25. (Persian)

O papel da terapia cognivo-comportamental na anorexia nervosa

Apesar da causa da anorexia nervosa (AN), doença caracterizada por medo excessivo de engordar e busca irracional da magreza, ser ainda desconhecida, acredita-se que a sua etiologia é multifatorial, incluindo fatores genéticos e psicológicos. Atualmente há poucas evidências de tratamentos eficientes para a doença, observando-se que a maioria dos participantes abandonam o tratamento, ou mostram uma melhora mínima ou recaídas após o mesmo. A Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental (TCC), psicoterapia bastante moderna, tem como foco a adesão ao tratamento, o aumento de peso e o desenvolvimento de um padrão regular e flexível de alimentação. Vários modelos cognitivo-comportamentais têm sido propostos, desenvolvidos e testados. Entretanto, sua eficácia a longo prazo não é bem estabelecida. Assim, justifica-se uma revisão atualizada dos estudos investigando o papel da TCC na anorexia nervosa. Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral atualizar as informações relativas à eficiência da terapia cognitivo-comportamental na anorexia nervosa, com foco no tratamento nutricional.

The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy on Resilience of Homeless Women with Drug Abuse Experience in Recovery

The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy on Resilience of Homeless Women with Drug Abuse Experience in Recovery

Is enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy effective for adolescents?

The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of enhanced cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT-E) for adolescents with the full range of eating disorders. There is robust evidence of the effectiveness of CBT-E for adults with eating disorders, including low weight patients. CBT-E has been adapted for adolescents and there is emerging evidence from one study (N=51) for its effectiveness in adolescents. This study aimed to add to the evidence base for the efficacy of CBT-E in adolescents with all forms of eating disorder.

Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Improving Anxiety Symptoms, Behavioral Problems and Parenting Stress in Taiwanese Children with Anxiety Disorders and Their Mothers

The aims of this intervention study were to examine the effects of individual cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) based on the modified Coping Cat Program on improving anxiety symptoms and behavioral problems in Taiwanese children with anxiety disorders and parenting stress perceived by their mothers. A total of 24 children with anxiety disorders in the treatment group completed the 17-session individual CBT based on the modified Coping Cat Program, and 26 children in the control group received the treatment as usual intervention. The Taiwanese version of the MASC (MASC-T), the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6-18 (CBCL/6-18) and the Chinese version of the Parenting Stress Index (C-PSI) were applied to assess the severities of anxiety symptoms, behavioral problems and parenting stress, respectively. The effects of CBT on improving anxiety symptoms, behavioral problems and parenting stress were examined by using linear mixed-effect model with maximum likelihood estimation. The results indicated that the CBT significantly improved the severities of MASC-T Physical Symptoms and Social Anxiety subscales, CBCL/6-18 DSM-oriented Anxiety Problem subscale, and C-PSI Child domains Mood and Adaptability subscales. Individual CBT based on the modified Coping Cat Program can potentially improve anxiety symptoms in Taiwanese children with anxiety disorders and some child domains of parenting stress perceived by their mothers.

Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in morbidity obese candidates for bariatric surgery with and without binge eating disorder.

To analyze changes in the general and specific psychopathology of morbidly obese bariatric surgery (BS) candidates after cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and assess differences between patients with and without binge eating disorder (BED) and between patients with obesity grades III and IV, studying their influence on weight loss. 110 consecutive morbidly obese BS candidates [77 females; aged 41 ± 9 yrs; body mass index 49.1 ± 9.0 kg/m²] entered a three-month CBT program (12 two-hour sessions) before BS. Participants were assessed with general and specific psychopathology tests pre- and post-CBT. Data were analyzed according to the degree of obesity and presence/ absence of BED. At baseline, BED patients were more anxious and depressive with lower self-esteem and quality of life versus non-BED patients (p < 0.05) and were more concerned with food, weight and figure, felt greater hunger, fear and guilt, and were more influenced by contextual cues (p < 0.005). Post-CBT, these differences in self-esteem, depression, and eating disorders disappeared due to significant improvements in BED patients. No difference between OIII and OIV groups was found in any psychopathology test pre- or post-CBT. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that CBT was effective to treat psychological comorbidity regardless of the presence/ absence of BED or degree of obesity. At 1 yr post-CBT, weight loss versus baseline (before CTT) was > 10% in 61%, with no intergroup differences. CBT is effective to treat psychological comorbidity in BS candidates, regardless of the presence of BED and degree of obesity.

A Review of the Efficacy and Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy and Short-Term Psychodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Major Depression: Implications for Mental Health Social Work Practice

A systematic review of the literature regarding the efficacy and effectiveness of cognitive-behaviour therapy and short-term psychodynamic therapy in the treatment of major depression in adults was conducted. This search of electronic databases (PsycArticles, PsycINFO, Social Services s and PsycLIT) was conducted between August and October 2011 and resulted in full text review of 13 publications. On balance the evidence, largely derived from randomised controlled trials, supported cognitive-behaviour therapy as the more efficacious treatment. The evidence for the efficacy of short-term psychodynamic therapy was somewhat fragmented due to the paucity of controlled studies, with the evidence base for short-term psychodynamic therapy relying heavily upon meta-analyses. There was comparable evidence for the effectiveness of cognitive-behaviour therapy and short-term psychodynamic therapy on the basis of standardised clinical outcome measures. More high-quality randomised controlled trials are required to assess the efficacy of short-term psychodynamic therapy for treating major depression, while the methodological challenges of meta-analyses need to be acknowledged where this methodology forms the primary evidence base for efficacy studies.

A Systematic Review Comparing Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Contingency Management for Cocaine Dependence

The main objective of this review was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and contingency management for cocaine dependence. Contingency management alone reliably reduced cocaine use during active treatment in all cited trials, whereas the positive effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy emerged after treatment in 3 of 5 trials. Synergistic effects of the combination of contingency management plus cognitive-behavioral therapy are shown in 2 trials, but another 3 trials found no additive effects. Positive, rapid, and enduring effects on cocaine use are reliably seen with contingency management interventions, whereas measurable effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy emerge after treatment and are not as reliable as effects with contingency management.

A Critical Review of Trauma Interventions and Religion Among Youth Exposed to Community Violence

ABSTRACT Thirteen studies were reviewed to explore the promise of school- and community-based solutions in reducing the impact of exposure to violence and chronic traumatic events among urban minority youth aged 11 to 19 years old. Because the variables of spirituality and religion are often overlooked in empirical research, studies that measured or included these concepts were prioritized. Out of a total of 35 studies, 13 were included in this review. The 13 studies included 5 intervention studies, 5 cross-sectional studies, and 3 nonexperimental studies that met our criteria. Six of the studies included spirituality or religion as a variable. The review confirmed significant associations between rates of exposure to chronic community violence and presence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms within this population. Five intervention studies confirmed the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy or group therapy in reducing trauma symptoms expressed through PTSD symptoms and depressive symptoms. Two cross-sectional studies identified spiritual or religious factors as buffering or moderating the impact of chronic community violence, and 1 revealed higher rates of spirituality/creativity among adolescents with more exposure to traumatic events. Recommendations for future research are outlined.

Which Psychotherapy for Social Anxiety Disorder

Although effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for social anxiety disorder (SAD) has been demonstrated, few studies have examined

The study of mode and effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy for lung transplant recipients during waiting for lung

Objective To investigate the suitable mode of cognitive-behavioral therapy for lung transplant recipients during waiting for lung and evaluate the effect to improve patients' physical and mental state.Methods 50 cases were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group,each group with 25 cases.The control group received conventional treatment.The experimental group received cognitive-behavioral therapy in addition to conventional treatment.SAS and vital signs were measured in the two groups on admission,2 weeks and 4 weeks after admission.Results The SAS score of the experimental group was lower than the control group 2 weeks and 4 weeks after admission and SAS score decreased as the intervention extended.The SBp of the experimental group was lower than the control group 4 weeks after admission.There was no significant difference of DBp between two groups.The heart rate of the experimental group was lower than the control group 4 weeks after admission.The heart rate of the experimental group was lower on 2 weeks and 4 weeks after admission than on admission.4weeks after admission,the respiratory rate of the experimental group was lower than the control group and on admission.Conclusions Cognitive-behavioral therapy can reduce the level of anxiety and keep vital signs stable with good feasibility and effectiveness. Key words: Lung transplantation; Cognitive-behavioral therapy; Anxiety; Vital signs