Effectiveness Of CCTV Research Articles

A Study on the Crime Prevention Effectiveness of CCTV

A Study on the Crime Prevention Effectiveness of CCTV

A suicide prevention initiative at a jumping site: A mixed-methods evaluation

BackgroundGap Park in Sydney, Australia has historically been recognised as a suicide jumping site. In 2010–2011 the Gap Park Masterplan initiative implemented a series of suicide prevention measures. This study applied a mixed-methods design to evaluate the effectiveness of the Masterplan in reducing suicides. MethodsData from the Australian National Coronial Information System (NCIS) was examined to compare suicides at Gap Park before and after the Masterplan was implemented. This was complemented with qualitative data from interviews with police officers who respond to suicidal behaviours at Gap Park. FindingsJoinpoint analysis of NCIS data showed a non-significant upward trend in jumping suicides during the study period. A significant upward trend in suicides was seen for females before the implementation of the Masterplan (2000–2010), followed by a significant downward trend from the implementation period onwards (2010–2016) for females: however, a non-significant upward trend for males was observed. Qualitative analysis of police interviews identified six key themes: romanticism and attraction at hotspots, profiles and behavioural patterns of suicidal individuals, responding to a person in a suicidal crisis, repeat attempts, means restriction, and personal impacts on police officers. InterpretationThe mixed-method study provided important insights, suggesting the Gap Park Masterplan has contributed to a reduction in female, but not in male jumping suicides. Further qualitative information from police officers suggested that the safety barriers were not difficult to climb, and may be more of a visual or psychological barrier. However, the effectiveness of CCTV and alarms in the detection and location of suicide attempters was highlighted. FundingLifeline Research Foundation

A comparison between the cost effectiveness of CCTV and improved street lighting as a means of crime reduction

The effectiveness of CCTV and improved street lighting has been studied extensively in terms of their potential for reducing the number of crimes in a certain area. However, this does not take into account the cost of the interventions or the savings due to crime reduction. This paper presents a model, which takes the form of a cellular automaton to simulate the implementation of improved street lighting and CCTV cameras using a range of strategies. This permits an exploration of simulated options to find which is most cost effective and what the best strategy for implementation is. The results indicate that there are few situations where CCTV is more cost effective than improved street lighting as a way of reducing street crime. In addition, it is shown that the strategy of targeting locations with the highest crime rates, “hot spots”, has the greatest potential for maximising the cost effectiveness of interventions.

The effects of merging proactive CCTV monitoring with directed police patrol: a randomized controlled trial

This study was designed to test the effect of increased certainty of punishment on reported crime levels in CCTV target areas of Newark, NJ. The experimental strategy was designed for the purpose of overcoming specific surveillance barriers that minimize the effectiveness of CCTV, namely high camera-to-operator ratios and the differential response policy of police dispatch. An additional camera operator was deployed to monitor specific CCTV cameras, with two patrol cars dedicated to exclusively responding to incidents of concern detected on the experimental cameras. A randomized controlled trial was implemented in the analysis. A randomized block design was used to assign each of the 38 CCTV schemes to either a treatment or control group. Schemes were grouped into pairs based upon their levels of three types of calls for service: violent crime, social disorder, and narcotics activity. Negative binomial regression models tested the effect that assignment to the treatment group had on levels of the aforementioned crime categories. The experimental strategy was associated with significant reductions of violent crime and social disorder in the treatment areas relative to the control areas. Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) and Total Net Effect (TNE) values suggest that the number of crime incidents prevented was sizable in numerous instances. The experiment had much less of an effect on narcotics activity. Overall, the findings support the hypothesis that the integration of CCTV with proactive police activity generates a crime control benefit greater than what research suggests is achievable via “stand-alone” camera deployment, particularly in the case of street-level crime.

Awareness, understanding and experiences of CCTV amongst teachers and pupils in three UK schools

CCTV research has historically focused on four discrete dimensions: its evaluation , the formulation of metanarrative discourses of surveillance, its operation and the impact on privacy. What has consistently been missing from the research agenda is detailed accounts of how different groups understand and attribute meaning to the use of CCTV, and how experiences of the technology vary by individual, group, and location. This paper seeks to report the views and perceptions of pupils and teachers under visual surveillance in their schools. The findings are organised into three central themes. Firstly, it outlines the level of awareness of CCTV at the schools amongst teachers and pupils. Awareness is inextricably linked with a number of other themes, such as the effect of CCTV upon behaviour, CCTV as a deterrent against criminal activity, and perceptions of the impact of CCTV on privacy, because in order for individuals to conceive of any of these phenomena they must first be aware of the presence of CCTV in their locale. Second, it explores the meaning that the participants attribute to CCTV such as its objectives and the role they perceive it to have in the school. The third and final area of investigation explores the impact and effectiveness of CCTV.1 In other words, what effect is CCTV perceived to have (impact) and does it fulfil the objectives that the participants believed it to have been implemented to achieve (effectiveness)?

SAFE CITY PROGRAMME: ARE WE ON THE RIGHT PATH TO REDUCE CRIME?

Generally all types of property crime showed increase in occurrences; snatch theft showed a positive decline from 2004 to 2006 and stabilized in 2007. The safe city programme originated with the aim of putting across measures or steps that local authorities (PBTs) could implement immediately to reduce crime occurrences. Effectiveness of CCTV showed mixed result. Lessons from accredited safe city elsewhere (in particular Melbourne) suggest possible future directions for the safe cityprogramme in Malaysia.

SAFE CITY PROGRAMME: ARE WE ON THE RIGHT PATH TO REDUCE CRIME?

Generally all types of property crime showed increase in occurrences; snatch theft showed a positive decline from 2004 to 2006 and stabilized in 2007. The safe city programme originated with the aim of putting across measures or steps that local authorities (PBTs) could implement immediately to reduce crime occurrences. Effectiveness of CCTV showed mixed result. Lessons from accredited safe city elsewhere (in particular Melbourne) suggest possible future directions for the safe cityprogramme in Malaysia.

“Not the Usual Suspects”: A Study of Factors Reducing the Effectiveness of CCTV

“Not the Usual Suspects”: A Study of Factors Reducing the Effectiveness of CCTV

What Do Murderers Think About the Effectiveness of CCTV?

Abstract The recent London bomb attacks have highlighted the value of CCTV as a post-event investigation tool, although clearly the cameras did not stop the attacks taking place. Research on the effectiveness of CCTV is mixed, especially in terms of its impact in reducing crime rates. Recent independent evidence in the UK suggests that while the public still support CCTV, offenders do not appear to be deterred by CCTV alone. Clearly this is an area where more research is needed. This paper reports on a study assessing convicted murderers' views of CCTV and the findings may help to explain why it has limits as a crime prevention method and perhaps greater potential as a method of facilitating post-event investigation.

The Impact of Monitored CCTV in a Retail Environment: What CCTV Operators Do and Why

There are a number of features that help explain the effectiveness or lack of effectiveness of CCTV. In this paper we report on research findings from a small-scale study on the impact of CCTV operators in a major retail chain. Our objectives were to understand the role of operators, the work they do, and the broader functions they perform within security departments and store structure. We achieved these by means of observation, supplemented by interviews with operators and other staff. Our findings raised questions about the role of operators and led us to make some recommendations.

Evidence-based Crime Prevention: The Effectiveness of CCTV

An evidence-based approach to preventing crime calls for the use of the highest-quality available evidence on the efficacy of a crime prevention program type and the use of the most rigorous methods to analyze this evidence. This article reports on the findings of a systematic review—incorporating meta-analytic techniques—of the highest-quality available research evidence on the effects of CCTV on crime in public space. CCTV had a significant desirable effect on crime, with an overall reduction in crime of 21 per cent in experimental compared to comparable control areas. CCTV was most effective in reducing crime in car parks, most effective when combined with improved street lighting and targeted at vehicle crimes, and more effective in reducing crime in the UK than in North America.

Does the Effectiveness of CCTV as a Crime Prevention Strategy Outweigh the Threat to Civil Liberties?

CCTV can be viewed as part of: CCTV then, has the ability to simultaneously intrude and protect. Whether it protects at the expense of people's civil liberties and, if so, whether this is always beneficial is the focus of this discussion. A web of surveillance which far exceeds anything that is historically known … It can invade privacy and make Orwell's 1984 a reality. But it can also … be liberating and protective. Therefore, it may be socially beneficial as well as harmful. (Young, 1999: 192) Those concerned about civil liberty issues may argue that whilst CCTV remains the dominant form of crime prevention in the UK, it is necessary to strive to achieve a balance of the rights to privacy and protection (Young, 1999). However, as is recognised in the Human Rights Act 1998, sometimes these competing claims are irreconcilable, with one inevitably taking priority over the other (Young, 1999). This discussion will first set CCTV in Britain in its historical context. It will then address its uses and effectiveness, and examine how these have been evaluated. Concentrating particularly on the use of CCTV in public and semi-public places (as civil liberties concerns focus strongly on this area), the argument that CCTV threatens civil liberties will be examined. Finally, there is a suggestion that efforts to balance concern for civil liberties against crime prevention successes may be undermined in practice by influences beyond the control of both those involved in the CCTV industry and civil libertarians.