Effectiveness Of Campaigns Research Articles

Seasonal malaria chemoprevention in a context of high presumed sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance: malaria morbidity and molecular drug resistance profiles in South Sudan

BackgroundSeasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) using sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine (SP-AQ), is a community-based malaria preventive strategy commonly used in the Sahel region of sub-Saharan Africa. However, to date it has not been implemented in East Africa due to high SP resistance levels. This paper is a report on the implementation of SMC outside of the Sahel in an environment with a high level of presumed SP-resistance: five cycles of SMC using SPAQ were administered to children 3–59 months during a period of high malaria transmission (July–December 2019) in 21 villages in South Sudan.MethodsA population-based SMC coverage survey was combined with a longitudinal time series analysis of health facility and community health data measured after each SMC cycle. SMC campaign effectiveness was assessed by Poisson model. SPAQ molecular resistance markers were additionally analysed from dried blood spots from malaria confirmed patients.ResultsIncidence of uncomplicated malaria was reduced from 6.6 per 100 to an average of 3.2 per 100 after SMC administration (mean reduction: 53%) and incidence of severe malaria showed a reduction from 21 per 10,000 before SMC campaign to a mean of 3.3 per 10,000 after each cycle (mean reduction: 84%) in the target group when compared to before the SMC campaign. The most prevalent molecular haplotype associated with SP resistance was the IRNGE haplotype (quintuple mutant, with 51I/59R/108N mutation in pfdhfr + 437G/540E in pfdhps). In contrast, there was a low frequency of AQ resistance markers and haplotypes resistant to both drugs combined (< 2%).ConclusionsThe SMC campaign was effective and could be used as an additional preventive tool in seasonal malaria settings outside of the Sahel, especially in areas where access to health care is unstable. Malaria case load reduction was observed despite the high level of resistance to SP.

Analysis of Apple's Classic Ads - Strengths and Weaknesses

Advertising and marketing are one of the key topics of research today. For the company and research, it is important to learn from the past excellent advertising and marketing cases and analyze the shortcomings of the predecessors to improve themselves. The researcher found that there is a good research space for Apple's advertising and marketing cases, and there is still a research gap in the analysis of Apple's classic advertising cases. This study explores the effectiveness of four major Apple Inc. advertising campaigns, understanding their impact on brand image and market positioning. Through comprehensive literature analysis, the study dissects the advantages and shortcomings of the "Macintosh's Introduction in 1984," "Think Different," "Silhouette Campaign," and "Shot on iPhone" campaigns. While these campaigns have been instrumental in creating a distinct brand image, they have exhibited limitations in providing comprehensive product information and broad audience appeal. The study concludes that the emphasis on user engagement, transparency in content selection, and a holistic portrayal of product capabilities could bolster the effectiveness of such campaigns. This article is crucial for devising impactful advertising strategies in technology markets.

Aliansi Laki-laki Baru dan Upaya Meredefinisi Peran Gender melalui Kampanye #KitaMulaiSekarang

&lt;em&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Gender inequality has long been a central issue in global social discussions, and Indonesia is no exception. In many circumstances, working women are required to fulfill dual roles in society. On one hand, they are expected to contribute economically, but on the other, traditional expectations compel them to remain as household caretakers. This dual burden can be physically and mentally taxing. Fortunately, organizations like the New Men's Alliance are taking proactive steps to address this inequality. Through the #WeStartNow campaign, they aim to redefine gender roles in society, especially regarding domestic responsibilities. In this context, the research objective is to analyze how the New Men's Alliance, via their Instagram account @lakilakibaru, portrays and interprets gender equality. Specifically, the study focuses on how the visuals and narratives presented reflect the organization's views and aspirations concerning gender equality in Indonesia. The research method employed is Roland Barthes' semiotics, as it offers a deep analytical lens to comprehend the message conveyed by the #WeStartNow campaign. Based on the findings, the #WeStartNow campaign video depicts domestic work in a more positive light when performed by men. However, findings also suggest criticism that when men engage in domestic tasks, it seems more of a romantic gesture than a role-sharing with women, raising further questions about the campaign's effectiveness in genuinely raising awareness about gender equality&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;

Aktivistisch Investierende und ihre Einflussnahme auf Unternehmen

Abstract The growing presence of activist investors in Germany challenges companies with a confrontational style and broad demands. This article analyses the Anglo-American capital market phenomenon in the context of companies’ corporate governance and their shareholder structure. We examine the valuation effects of activist campaigns using share price reactions. The short-term announcement returns surrounding activist campaigns are positive and statistically significant. The mean abnormal share price return amounts to 3.96%. The results can be attributed to a combination of transaction and information effects.

279 The praxis of do-not-attempt-cardiopulmonary resuscitation orders in a Swedish community hospital – preliminary effects of an educational campaign

279 The praxis of do-not-attempt-cardiopulmonary resuscitation orders in a Swedish community hospital – preliminary effects of an educational campaign

How Brand Ambassador and Social Media Marketing of Luxury Brand Affect Purchase Intention of Generation Z in Jakarta

The growth of fashion luxury brands has been remarkable in recent years. Indonesia has emerged as a prominent market for luxury goods, witnessing an 84% surge in sales, making it the leading online luxury goods sales market in Asia. This research focuses on Generation Z consumers in Jakarta due to their increasing economic influence and potential to account for a substantial portion of luxury goods sales by 2025. As social media becomes a ubiquitous platform for communication and marketing in Indonesia, businesses increasingly utilize Social Media Marketing to engage with consumers. Luxury brands have also embraced social media to transform their communication strategies, shifting the balance of power from marketers to consumers. The role of a brand ambassador goes beyond mere endorsement, as they actively promote the brand on their platforms, fostering trust and imitation. However, previous research on brand ambassadors' impact on purchase intention yields contradictory results. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the specific relationship between luxury brand ambassadors and purchase intention. The research objectives are to examine the positive effects of luxury brand marketing campaigns, specifically Brand Ambassador and SMM, on the purchase intention of Generation Z consumers in Jakarta. The findings of this research will benefit the marketing departments of luxury brands preparing strategies for the Indonesian market. Furthermore, it will contribute valuable insights to future studies on luxury brand purchase intentions, with potential applications for marketing strategists targeting the Indonesian luxury market, particularly Jakarta. Ultimately, this study aims to shed light on the impact of brand ambassadors and social media marketing on luxury brand purchase intentions among Generation Z consumers in Jakarta. Based on the statistical data analysis, the research concludes that both brand ambassador and social media marketing exert significant and positive influences on luxury brand purchase intention.

Sick kids versus whom? Childhood disability and charitable campaigns on Instagram

Platform media are changing the disability charity landscape. This paper employs a hybrid critical disability studies – platform media studies lens to explore the SickKids VS campaign, aiming to ‘fight’ childhood illness and disability. Employing a social media thematic analysis, we analyzed social media content distributed through the campaign, consisting of images, videos, and captions ( n=620). We found three dominant narratives: heroic sick kids, crumbling infrastructure, and informational content. Each trend, we argue, emerges within a changing platform mediascape, whereby charitable audiences must be cultivated and curated over a long-term process, rather than in a single moment, as in telethon fundraising. We ask how disability is framed in each of those narratives, and how disability studies might respond to these formulations in the political economy of platform media. We end by exploring the strategies disability studies can take to combat the marginalizing effects of such charitable campaigns.

Analysis of Marketing Mix Strategies with 4P Method Classification (Product, Price, Place, &amp; Promotion) on the Marketing Growth of Marine Paint Products at PT. NIPSEA Panit &amp; Chemicals – Surabaya Period 2020-2022

This study delves into the analysis of Marketing Mix Strategies using the 4P Method Classification (PRODUCT, PRICE, PLACE, &amp; PROMOTION) and its impact on the marketing growth of Marine Paint Products at PT. NIPSEA PAINT &amp; CHEMICALS, Surabaya, during the period from 2020 to 2022. The research focuses on the strategies employed to enhance the market presence and profitability of marine paint products. Through an in-depth investigation, the study evaluates the effectiveness of product design, pricing strategies, distribution channels, and promotional campaigns in driving growth and success within the marine paint industry. The findings of this research aim to provide valuable insights for marketers and business professionals seeking to optimize their marketing strategies in the marine paint sector, ultimately contributing to improved market performance and competitiveness.

Stent for life initiative in Portugal: Progress through years and Covid-19 impact.

During Stent for Life Initiative in Portugal lifetime, positive changes in ST elevation myocardial infarction treatment were observed, by the increase of Primary Angioplasty numbers and improvements in patients' behaviour towards myocardial infarction, with an increase in those who called 112 and the lower proportion attending non primary percutaneous coronary intervention centres. Despite public awareness campaigns and system educational programmes, patient and system delay did not change significantly over this period. The aim of this study was to address the public awareness campaign effectiveness on peoples' behaviour facing STEMI, and how Covid-19 has affected STEMI treatment. Data from 1381 STEMI patients were collected during a one-month period each year, from 2011 to 2016, and during one and a half month, matching first lockdown in Portugal 2020. Four groups were constituted: Group A (2011); Group B (2012&2013); Group C (2015&2016) and group D (2020). The proportion of patients who called 112, increased significantly (35.2% Group A; 38.7% Group B; 44.0% Group C and 49.6% Group D, p = 0.005); significant reduction was observed in the proportion of patients who attended healthcare centres without PPCI (54.5% group A; 47.6% Group B; 43.2% Group C and 40.9% Group D, p = 0.016), but there were no differences on groups comparison. Total ischemic time, measured from symptoms onset to reperfusion increased progressively from group A [250.0 (178.0-430.0)] to D [296.0 (201.0-457.5.8)] p = 0.012, with statistically significant difference between group C and D (p = 0.034). During the term of SFL initiative in Portugal, patients resorted less to primary health centres and called more to 112. These results can be attributed the public awareness campaign. Nevertheless, patient and system delays did not significantly change over this period, mainly in late years of SFL, probably for low efficacy of campaigns and in 2020 due to Covid-19 pandemic.

Effect of school-based HPV vaccine campaigns on inequalities in uptake in France: the PrevHPV trial

Abstract Background HPV vaccination is recommended in France for all adolescents aged 11-14. Coverage has increased over recent years but remains below 50% by age 15, with social disparities by area deprivation level, parental education and income. We analysed the effect of school-wide campaigns on adolescent vaccine uptake and related disparities. Methods PrevHPV is a controlled cluster-randomised trial to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of a multi-component intervention targeting middle schools and general practitioners. Sixty-one French middle schools were randomised in a partial factorial design to one of six intervention arms, some of which included school-based vaccine campaigns combined with in-class education and motivation. We assessed HPV vaccine status using online questionnaires that were administered in class to pupils (aged 13-15 years) at baseline and after 5 months. Using linear regression, we explored the decomposed effect of campaigns on vaccine uptake and interactions of the effect with sociodemographic variables. Results In total, 2639 adolescents provided complete vaccination data on both questionnaires, with a ≥ 1-dose coverage of 24% at baseline. Among previously unvaccinated pupils (N = 2017), 21% (7%) of girls (boys) in the control group reported receipt of first vaccine dose during the follow-up period, compared to 49% (33%) in arms with vaccine campaigns. Adjusting for baseline vaccine intention, vaccine campaigns increased the 5-month probability of a first dose by 25 (95% confidence interval: 19-31) percentage points compared to the control group. The effect of vaccine campaigns on student-reported vaccine uptake did not substantially vary by school area deprivation level, parental education level, or family multilingualism (compared to French monolingual family). Conclusions School-based campaigns substantially increased vaccine coverage among all adolescents within a short time period. Yet, underlying disparities in HPV vaccination were unchanged. Key messages • School-based vaccine campaigns can quickly increase HPV vaccine uptake among adolescents. • Vaccination campaigns need tailored implementation strategies to eventually reduce social disparities in HPV vaccination.

Vaccination and risk compensation during the COVID-19 pandemic in France

Abstract Vaccination has played a key role in reducing the health burden of COVID-19 (World Health Organisation (WHO), 2022), however, concern has been raised worldwide that risk compensation, a process whereby feelings of security arising from being vaccinated may lead people to reduce their engagement in other protective behaviours (Hedlund, 2000), could detract from the overall health benefit of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign (WHO, 2020). We explored whether COVID-19 vaccination elicited risk compensation and whether this changed over time by conducting a repeated cross-sectional study at seven intervals over the initial months of the vaccine rollout in France (February–September, 2021). Participants (N = 14,003) completed an online survey measuring vaccination status, vaccination intention and engagement in four preventive behaviours: mask wearing, avoidance of physical contact, hand hygiene, and avoiding social gatherings. Risk compensation was measured indirectly by comparing levels of engagement in protective behaviours according to vaccination status, with those unvaccinated but intending to vaccinate serving as a baseline. Risk compensation did not occur systematically and was mostly observed towards the end of the vaccine rollout for two of the four protective behaviours: avoiding social gatherings and wearing a mask. Fully-vaccinated participants reported avoiding social gatherings less often than those intending to vaccinate in July (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = .72, p = .045), and in September (AOR = .54, p = .022). A similar trend was observed in September among participants vaccinated with one dose who reported wearing a mask less often than their unvaccinated-but-intending-to-vaccinate counterparts (AOR = .48, p = .029). Our findings suggest that whilst unlikely to impede the overall effectiveness of public health campaigns, risk compensation, particularly among certain groups, nonetheless merits attention when designing informed, targeted public health messages and policy. Key messages • Limited evidence of risk compensation was observed towards the end of the vaccination campaign in France. • Risk compensation may not negate overall health benefit of a vaccination campaign, however from a public health perspective, nonetheless merits attention.

Changing the Subject: An Analysis of Candidates’ Issue Emphasis in Televised Election Debates, 1985-2019

ABSTRACTElection debates are key campaign events that allow citizens to compare politicians’ issue positions side-by-side. While debate moderators try to keep candidates on-topic to contrast issue positions, candidates can try to shift the debate to off-topic issues instead. Election debates thus provide a unique setting to study candidates’ issue emphasis. In this context, we study: who veers off-topic, on which issues, and when? Our theory-driven quantitative content analysis of 24 Belgian election debates (1985–2019) shows that different candidates are equally likely to veer off-topic, but when they do, they emphasize their party’s core issues and follow previous off-topic speaking turns.

Law enforcement and political misinformation

Why is criminal law enforcement increasingly punitive, despite that the situation has improved for decades? This paper investigates this question from the perspective of political misinformation. To this end, we develop a law enforcement model with political competition and examine how political parties’ campaigns affect voters’ perceptions of crime and equilibrium law enforcement policy. In a political campaign stage, we show that one political party has an incentive to overstate the severity of crime, while the other party has an incentive to correct voters’ beliefs. However, although the two parties attempt to change voters’ beliefs in opposite directions, we find that the total effect of a political campaign is more likely to drive both parties’ policies in a harsh direction.

Knowledge, awareness and attitude towards cancer: An intervention-based study among the students of the University of Delhi, India

There are limited studies evaluating the knowledge of the student communities in India about cancer. The present study assesses the knowledge, awareness and attitude of the students of the University of Delhi, India towards cancer. Two sets of structured questionnaires (set 1&amp; 2) were used for the survey. Set 1 was used for the survey of 1000 students, comprising 500 male and 500 female students. The data was collected using a self-designed Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) on a Likert scale (1-5) and was subsequently converted to scores. The significance of the scores was evaluated by one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). A Set 2 questionnaire was used for the follow-up survey. The results of the survey based on the Set 1 questionnaire indicated that the students had some knowledge about “cancer risk factors, types of cancer, and sources of cancer awareness”. However, students lacked knowledge about “cancer symptoms and age susceptibility to cancer”. Consequent to this survey, awareness programs were conducted among these students spread over 5 months. The awareness gained was assessed by the follow-up surveys using the Set 2 questionnaire (split into pre- and post-follow-up studies). The awareness campaigns significantly increased the knowledge and changed the attitude of the students towards cancer. This study thus highlights the need and effectiveness of awareness campaigns with special reference to student communities in countries such as India.

Impact of COVID-19 and vaccination campaign on 1,755 systemic sclerosis patients during first three years of pandemic. Possible risks for individuals with impaired immunoreactivity to vaccine, ongoing immunomodulating treatments, and disease-related lung involvement during the next pandemic phase

IntroductionThe impact of COVID-19 pandemic represents a serious challenge for ‘frail’ patients' populations with inflammatory autoimmune systemic diseases such as systemic sclerosis (SSc). We investigated the prevalence and severity of COVID-19, as well the effects of COVID-19 vaccination campaign in a large series of SSc patients followed for the entire period (first 38 months) of pandemic. Patients and methodThis prospective survey study included 1755 unselected SSc patients (186 M, 1,569F; mean age 58.7 ± 13.4SD years, mean disease duration 8.8 ± 7.3SD years) recruited in part by telephone survey at 37 referral centers from February 2020 to April 2023. The following parameters were carefully evaluated: i. demographic, clinical, serological, and therapeutical features; ii. prevalence and severity of COVID-19; and iii. safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. ResultsThe prevalence of COVID-19 recorded during the whole pandemic was significantly higher compared to Italian general population (47.3 % vs 43.3 %, p < 0.000), as well the COVID-19-related mortality (1.91 % vs 0.72 %, p < 0.001). As regards the putative prognostic factors of worse outcome, COVID-19 positive patients with SSc-related interstitial lung involvement showed significantly higher percentage of COVID-19-related hospitalization compared to those without (5.85 % vs 1.73 %; p < 0.0001), as well as of mortality rate (2.01 % vs 0.4 %; p = 0.002). Over half of patients (56.3 %) received the first two plus one booster dose of vaccine; while a fourth dose was administered to 35.6 %, and only few of them (1.99 %) had five or more doses of vaccine. Of note, an impaired seroconversion was recorded in 25.6 % of individuals after the first 2 doses of vaccine, and in 8.4 % of patients also after the booster dose. Furthermore, the absence of T-cell immunoreactivity was observed in 3/7 patients tested by QuantiFERON® SARSCoV-2 Starter Set (Qiagen). The efficacy of vaccines, evaluated by comparing the COVID-19-related death rate recorded during pre- and post-vaccination pandemic periods, revealed a quite stable outcome in SSc patients (death rate from 2.54 % to 1.76 %; p = ns), despite the significant drop of mortality observed in the Italian general population (from 2.95 % to 0.29 %; p < 0.0001). ConclusionsAn increased COVID-19 prevalence and mortality rate was recorded in SSc patients; moreover, the efficacy of vaccines in term of improved outcomes was less evident in SSc compared to Italian general population. This discrepancy might be explained by concomitant adverse prognostic factors: increased rate of non-responders to vaccine in SSc series, low percentage of individuals with four or more doses of vaccine, ongoing immunomodulating treatments, disease-related interstitial lung disease, and/or reduced preventive measures in the second half of pandemic. A careful monitoring of response to COVID-19 vaccines together with adequate preventive/therapeutical strategies are highly recommendable in the near course of pandemic in this frail patients’ population.

Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) following adenovirus vector COVID-19 vaccination in Canada

IntroductionIdentifying and monitoring adverse events following vaccination contributed to the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 mass vaccination campaigns. In March 2021, international reports emerged of an adverse event following vaccination with adenovirus vector COVID-19 vaccines (ChAdOx1-S [recombinant] and Ad26.COV2.S) of thrombosis with low platelet counts, referred to as thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS). We described TTS reports in Canada following adenovirus vector COVID-19 vaccines and investigated whether the observed number of events were higher than expected. MethodsReports of TTS following receipt of ChAdOx1-S [recombinant] or Ad26.COV2.S meeting the Canadian case definition for TTS and diagnostic certainty levels 1–3 of the Brighton Collaboration case definition, submitted to the Canadian Adverse Events Following Immunization Surveillance System and Canada Vigilance Database between February 26, 2021 and October 31, 2022 were included. Demographics and characteristics of the TTS reports are described along with an analysis comparing the observed number of reports to the expected number. ResultsAs of October 31, 2022, 56 reports of TTS following administration of ChAdOx1-S [recombinant] and no reports following Ad26.COV2.S vaccines were reported in Canada, of which 37 had functionally positive anti-PF4 antibodies. The median age was 56 years; males accounted for 54 % of reports. Five deaths were reported. The observed number of reports exceeded the expected for all ages and sexes combined, as well as for males aged 30–49 and 60–69 years, and females aged 40–59 years. ConclusionBased on international surveillance data, Canada evaluated a statistical signal of TTS following adenovirus vector vaccines. The investigation of this signal demonstrated how post-market vaccine safety surveillance systems were successful in investigating rare adverse events during the rollout of COVID-19 vaccines in Canada. As adenovirus vector vaccines continue to be administered, characterization of the association between the vaccine and TTS informs immunization programs and policies.

MEASURING DIGITAL ADVERTISING EFFECTIVENESS ON FACEBOOK AS PART OF A NATIONAL BRAND ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN

The subject of the study is the problem of assessing the effectiveness of digital activations (advertising campaigns) on Facebook and social media in general; finding ways to measure the impact of digital activations and the causal link of online information campaigns on a brand. The purpose of the study is to find out whether it is possible to reach the necessary target groups as part of a national brand image campaign using Facebook advertising; to monitor key indicators, results, and outcomes; to formulate key Facebook indicators that can be demonstrate the effectiveness of online campaigns; to study the issues of assessing the effectiveness of such digital advertising campaigns. This paper uses the dialectical method of scientific cognition, the method of analysis and synthesis, the comparative method, the method of data generalization, the method of expert evaluation, and the monitoring method. This paper defines the place and role of Facebook activations in the digital toolkit as part of a national advertising campaign in the context of the war in Ukraine and uncertainty in society. On the example of a relevant advertising campaign of an international brand present on Ukrainian market, the authors outline strategies and approaches to conducting national campaigns to inform and improve the brand image. The study also considers assessment of the brand impact of a Facebook advertising campaign, provides examples of efficiency assessment and proposals for conducting relevant marketing research. The authors characterize Facebook metrics, its algorithm for evaluating advertising on this platform and conduct a comparative analysis of approaches to Facebook advertising methods based on the experimental experience of cooperation with representatives of medium and large businesses. Proposals for analysing the effectiveness of digital campaigns on Facebook are presented. The results of the study are as follows: a set of strategies for effective conduct of a national digital advertising campaign on Facebook is identified, which can be applied to international brands in the face of market uncertainty; possible measures for analysing the effectiveness of a campaign are proposed.

Covid‐19 communication in emerging markets—Not viral enough?

Public health communication acts as a social vaccine in case of pandemics. Prior research has identified that such initiatives often fail to reach vulnerable sections of society. In India, while the first wave of infections mainly hit the urban areas, rural areas witnessed a surge in the second wave. Using the World Bank data, we attempt to understand the effectiveness of public awareness campaigns in rural areas. We use the Ecological Model for public health and find how the various factors relate to public health outcomes. The ecological factors are found to be related to awareness of Covid‐19. We find inadequate awareness about the symptoms and preventive measures associated with Covid‐19 among the rural population. We also find significant differences in communication and awareness along dimensions such as education and access to media. The role played by SHGs and hospitals in dealing with pandemics is also evident in this study. We conclude that the disparity in public health communication needs to be bridged to ensure equitable access to health information in society during public health crises.

The use and impact of European Testing Week regional awareness campaigns to increase HIV and viral hepatitis testing coverage.

Since 2013, the European Testing Week (ETW) awareness campaign has become a key regional event influencing testing efforts for HIV, viral hepatitis, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) through participation of 720 organizations. Here, we report on a survey from May to June 2022 aimed at assessing the participant-reported impact of the campaign. All past and current participating organizations were asked to complete an online questionnaire between 12 May and 17 June 2022. Multiple choice and open-text questions included organization information, usage of ETW to engage in local testing-related activities, and the effect of a regional campaign to reach a wider audience and generate impact. Of the 52 respondents, 34 (65%) stated first participating in ETW 5-10 years ago. ETW was used for awareness raising by 40 respondents (83%), new testing activities by 37 (77%), advocacy initiatives by 15 (31%), and training/capacity building by 18 (38%). For awareness raising, 95% used ETW to highlight the importance of and to encourage testing; for new testing activities, 74% used ETW to reach new groups. In total, 44 (85%) reported added benefits of a Europe-wide campaign compared with national/local campaigns, particularly the increased visibility and collaboration opportunities. Impact at the local level was observed by 24 (51%), and impact at a national level was observed by 20 (43%). A total of 28 (79%) reported increases in the number of tests performed and 25 (75%) reported increases in clients accessing services. Regional awareness campaigns reach wider audiences, boost local and national efforts to increase testing, and sensitize key populations about the critical value of testing compared with local/national campaigns.

Willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19: the role of risk perception, trust in institutions, and affects.

Vaccination is one of the most effective ways to stop the COVID-19 pandemic and prevent severe disease. This study aims to ascertain the determinants of COVID-19 vaccination acceptance in the French population before the vaccine was introduced (France's second lockdown) and during the roll-out of the vaccination campaign (France's third lockdown). We focus on the following as determinants of willingness to be vaccinated: risk perception, affects related to the risk, and trust in political and health institutions. The study was conducted among two convenient samples including 591 and 474 participants. The results show that the timing of the crisis was important. While the intention to be vaccinated was relatively low before the vaccines were introduced, it became significantly higher when the vaccination campaign was deployed. The results show that risk perception and trust in health institutions are the most relevant predictors of intention to be vaccinated. Results are discussed in terms of the effectiveness of communication campaigns.