Effectiveness In Nigeria Research Articles

Phototherapy Device Effectiveness in Nigeria: Irradiance Assessment and Potential for Improvement

This study investigated the effectiveness of simple-to-implement adjustments of phototherapy devices on irradiance levels in a cross-section of Nigerian hospitals. A total of 76 phototherapy devices were evaluated in 16 hospitals while adjustments were implemented for a subset of 25 devices for which consent was obtained. The mean irradiance level was 7.6 ± 5.9 µW/cm(2)/nm for all devices prior to adjustments. The average irradiance level improved from 9.0 µW/cm(2)/nm to 27.3 µW/cm(2)/nm for the adjusted group (n = 25) compared with 6.8 ± 5.4 µW/cm(2)/nm for the unadjusted group (n = 51). Simple, inexpensive adjustments to phototherapy devices with sub-optimal irradiance levels can significantly improve their effectiveness to acceptable international standards and should be widely promoted in resource-constrained settings.

A Legal Opinion on Exclusive Dealing in 'Who Wants to Be a Millionaire' Game Show in Nigeria’s Communications Market

In this legal opinion, I analyse the exclusive dealing agreement (the “agreement”) purportedly entered between MTN, a Communications Licensed Mobile Network Operator (“MNO”) and the Franchisee of “Who wants to be a millionaire” television game show (the “game show”) for any anti-competitive effect in Nigeria’s Communications market.

Global Drums and Local Masquerades

TV broadcasting has been in Nigeria for more than 50 years (1959-2009). Its development has brought about a series of local responses to global socioeconomic and political environments and “soft” stimuli. This conclusion is based on a critical, interpretive reading of the history, form, and content of television in Nigeria from Obafemi Awolowo’s Western Nigeria Television in Ibadan through the federal government’s reactive establishment of the national network: the Nigeria Television Authority, and later, states and private television stations. The ultimate deregulation of television broadcasting in 1992, perceived as Babangida’s “politically-correct” reaction to the pressures from the Bretton Woods institutions, opened up national media markets for global penetration, and fast-tracked media globalization and its effects in Nigeria. While television stations in Nigeria have multiplied in numerical terms, programming/content/form have followed the global market/technological determinism turning Nigerian TV into localized versions of commercialized western master-scripts with very little local ideological direction.

Improving teacher instructional effectiveness in Nigeria with counseling model of supervision

This study investigated the use of counseling model of supervision in retooling instructional strategies for effective teaching and learning. Data were collected from 127 teachers from two schools after simple random sampling and which formed intact classes; 64 teachers served as treatment group and 63 teachers served as control group. The instrument used was a questionnaire - Teachers Instructional Effectiveness Rating Scale (TIERS) developed by the researcher that consisted of 26 items. The validity and reliability of the instrument were established using face and construct validation. Internal consistency and stability were also established using Cranach Alpha and Test Retest Procedure respectively. The Pearson's Product Moment Correlation procedure tested the reliability of the TIERS. Two research questions were asked and three null hypotheses were formulated for the study. Using mean and standard deviation the research questions were analyzed while the hypotheses were tested using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) at 0.05 level of significance. The results indicated that: (a) counseling supervisory model is more effective than traditional model of supervision. (b) There was no remarkable difference in effectiveness between male and female teachers exposed to counseling supervision model and (c) gender does not combine with model of supervision to affect instructional effectiveness of teachers. It was recommended that counseling supervision model be used to ensure Teacher Instructional effectiveness: This refers to the contributions of the teacher for maximum success in the classroom teaching and learning activities. It also has to do with the ability of the teacher in realizing the objectives of teaching and learning. Traditional method of supervision: This model is the regular school visits in which the supervisor rather engages in inspecting the physical appearance of the teacher, his classroom environment, and the facilities and so on. This model was used as a control in this study. Counseling supervisory model: This model believes in the expression of the person (teacher) whose psychological changes bring about changes in teaching behavior, and in which supervision can help change a teacher's self concept especially as the solution to teacher problem lies within the teacher. It was used in this study as a treatment. TIERS: Teachers Instructional Effectiveness Rating Scale (TIERS) is the instrument developed by the researcher and used to elicit information from the respondents on the classroom effectiveness of teachers exposed to Counseling Supervisory model and those not so exposed.

Total Quality Management and SMPS Performance Effects in Nigeria: A Review of Six Sigma Methodology

Though small and medium practices (SMPs) which constituted over 70% of auditing firms in Nigeria have been in existence from the inception of accountancy profession but have not been given the required attention. This research paper is exploratory on the ground that SMPs is a new concept. The study investigated the effect of total quality management (TQM) on the performance of the subsector through the use of Six Sigma Methodology (SSM) to improve current business system. The population of the study consists of 884 SMPs in Nigeria. 133 respondents were purposively selected representing a sample fraction of 15%. Questionnaire was administered at random and opinions elicited and analyzed. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Method was used to confirm the hypotheses of the study. Finding obtained revealed that leadership style, management of people and consumers focus are the strongest significant predictors of TQM and operational performance but are lacking in most in SMPs operations. It also discovered that TQM programmes when implemented will influence the quality of auditing services that meets clients’ expectations within the ambit of standards and regulations. The study therefore recommends that SMP should embrace SSM to have significant clients’ relationship, improved performance and maximize institutional prosperity.

Revisiting the Supreme Court Decision in Engineer Goodnews Agbi, Anthony Alabi and Chief Audu Ogbeh & Ors in Light of the Decision of Southwark Crown Court in <italic>R v. Ibori</italic>

The recent conviction and sentence of Chief James Ibori former Governor of the State of Delta (1999 – 2007) to 13 years imprisonment on 17 April 2012 by Southwark Crown Court presents a unique feature in changing hitherto legal principles of res judicata on finality of proceedings, stare decisis on legal precedent and the legal effect in Nigeria of a conviction and sentence imposed by a foreign court. The outcome of R v. Ibori has a significant impact on the decision of the Supreme Court (Nigeria) in 2005 of the case of Engineer Goodnews Agbi, Anthony Alabi and Chief Audu Ogbeh & ors, a case in which Chief Ibori was one of the parties as one of the defendants/respondents). This paper provides an analysis of the issues in respect of the two cases involving Chief Ibori based on previous cases decided by the Supreme Court, the House of Lords as well as substantive and procedural law in Nigeria.

Climate Change, Effects and Adaptation Strategies; Implication for Agricultural Extension System in Nigeria

Tackling climate change is one of the biggest challenges this generation faces. African countries, Nigeria inclusive are particularly vulnerable to climate change because of their dependence on rain fed agriculture, high levels of poverty, low levels of human and physical capital, inequitable land distribution and poor infrastructure. Generally climate change is already affecting agricultural activities with the most devastating adverse effects in Nigeria as: extreme weather condition, frequent drought ,increased environmental damage, increased infestation of crops by pests and diseases, depletion of household assets, increased biodiversity loss, depletion of wildlife and other natural resource base, changes in the vegetation type, decline in forest resources, decline in soil conditions, increased health risks and the spread of infectious diseases changing livelihood systems.. These conditions emanating from climate change are bound to militate against agricultural production (crop, livestock forest and fishery resources), nutritional and health statuses and the general livelihood activity of the people. Therefore building up resilience and developing adaptation strategies becomes very important if agricultural production in the country will experience any boost. This paper concludes that the agricultural Extension system in the country need to generally revisit its role and in particular the role of the Extension agents. This is very important since the challenge of climate change if neglected will surely render the effort of increasing food production through the dissemination of technical information fruitless.

The Efficacy of Budgeting as a Control Measure in Developing Economies: A Study from Nigeria

The effectiveness of budgeting has a link with the level of environmental volatility. It means that, how effective budgeting would be in controlling the activities of any organisation depends largely on the environmental volatility under which such budget is operated. Empirical evidence on the effect of environmental factors on budgeting and budget effectiveness in Nigeria, an emerging economy has been scanty. This gap in the literature is the focus of this study. The primary source of data was used and data were collected through the use of questionnaire. Hypotheses were formulated and tested using inferential statistics. Findings did not provide strong evidence on the effectiveness of budgeting as a control measure. This is not consistent with evidences from the developed world. The findings also reveal those factors affecting the effectiveness of budgeting in Nigeria.

Oil Pipeline Vandalization and the Socio-Economic Effects in Nigeria’s Niger Delta Region

With the discovery of crude oil and natural gas (ONG) in the Niger Delta in 1956, it was expected that it will usher in the much needed sustainable development in the region. Whereas this did not happen, the activities of the multinational oil companies (MNOCs) operating in the region continued to pollute and degrade the environment so much that it disarticulated the local economy of the people. The unmet expectations coupled with the environmental degradation created frustration that consequently led the people, particularly the youths to vandalize oil pipelines. This paper examined the effects, as well as the causes and manifestations of oil pipeline vandalization in the region and country. The paper went further to discuss three celebrated cases on pipeline vandalization to show its consequences on the local people, and national economy and security. It also points out several lessons and recommends the involvement of the host communities into the oil economy for them to guarantee the safety of oil installations in the country.

Learning Environment and Secondary School Effectiveness in Nigeria

This study examined the relationship between learning environment and effectiveness of secondary schools in Nigeria. The descriptive research design of the survey type was used for the study. The population consisted of all the teachers and principals in the public secondary schools in south-west Nigeria. The sample comprised 1200 teachers and 60 principals from 60 secondary schools. Multi-stage, simple and stratified random sampling techniques were used to select the states, schools and teachers used for the study. Two sets of instrument were used to collect the data for the study. The data were analysed using frequency counts, percentage scores and Pearson product moment correlation. The hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that the learning environment in secondary schools was very conducive and the secondary schools were effective in the affective and the psychomotor domains of learning but not all that effective in the cognitive domain. The study further showed a significant relationship between learning environment and effectiveness of secondary schools. Based on the findings, it was recommended that the school administrators and other stakeholders in the secondary education sector should strive hard to sustain the tempo of the conducive environment for learning. It was also recommended that schools should sustain the tempo of achievements of the students in the affective and the psychomotor domains of learning. Efforts should also be made at improving upon the level of cognitive achievement of the learners, as this will enhance the improvement on the general level of school effectiveness.

Size and Liquidity Effects in Nigeria

This study estimates liquidity premiums using the recently developed Liu (2006) measure within a multifactor capital asset pricing model (CAPM) including size premiums and a time varying parameter model for the West African emerging markets of Nigeria. The evidence suggests that additional size and liquidity factors impart negligible impact in explaining the cross section of stock returns in the Nigerian domestic equity market. Costs of equity estimates are high further underlining the limitations of this market as a capital-raising venue in contrast to the dominant banking sector.

Supplementary Livelihood Strategies among Workers in Nigeria: Implications for Organizational Growth and Effectiveness

This paper examines the impact of supplementary livelihood strategies among workers on organizational growth and effectiveness in Nigeria. 320 staff from University of Calabar, Calabar was randomly and purposively selected for the study. Data was gathered through questionnaires. Five hypotheses were postulated and tested using chi-square, independent t-test, z-test and spearsman’s rho correlation. Findings revealed that educational qualification, income and household size influenced workers engagement in supplementary livelihood. The study also revealed that, there is a significant difference between male and female in the engagement on supplementary livelihood. The research further revealed that, workers engagement in supplementary livelihood affects organizational growth and effectiveness. It was recommended among others, that management should pay salaries as at when due and make policies that promote good condition of services.

The Challenges of Nigerian Economy Under Her Present Day Audit Committees

Following the success of Audit Commission in the United State of America, it was introduced in Nigeria through the promulgation of Companies and Allied Matters. Act CAMD ‘90 (now CAMA 2004). So far, the compliance with the Act is not in doubt as seen in published accounts of quoted companies. What is left is for audit committees to justify their establishment and existence by not failing to check corporate failures and malpractices as was intended. The major constraints to the effectiveness of these audit committees which include deficiencies in the enabling laws and the lack-lust attitude of regulatory and professional bodies on the subject-matter in Nigeria have been identified. Suggestions that will, hopefully, reinvigorate the audit committees for effectiveness in Nigeria have also been proffered. These include appointing people of high integrity with the requisite qualifications and experience of the companies’ industry and financial arena: effective enlightenment of all stakeholders and a comprehensive review of CAMD ‘90 (now CAMA 2004), incorporating inputs from the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to reflect our local realities and peculiarities. Overhauling the audit committees is even more impelling with the privatization and globalization currents. The adoption, and adaptation, of generally accepted managerial practices for effective corporate governance to our local context would facilitate the integration of Nigerian enterprises into the realm of international business.

Do Trading Partners Still Matter for Nigeria's Growth? A Contribution to the Debate on Decoupling and Spillovers

Should policymakers still be concerned about economic growth in trading partners? Have developing and emerging market countries decoupled from the US enough to grow despite significant recession in the US? Using VAR models, this paper addresses these questions for Nigeria in the context of the global crisis. The results seem to debunk the decoupling theory and suggest there are still significant spillovers from Nigeria's main trading partners, including the US, with trade and commodity price linkages being the dominant transmission channels. Given the sharp fall in both trade financing and commodity prices in aftermath of the crisis, these results provide some explanation to the realization of adverse second-round effects in Nigeria.

Labour Education and Job Security: Implications for Labour Management Relations in Private Organization

This paper examined the relationship between Labour Education and job security and implications for Labour-management Relations in private Organization in Nigeria. This was with the view to determining the effects of staff development and job security on Industrial relations practice in Nigeria. The findings of the study showed that Labour education and job security are interrelated. Also the duo could enhance Industrial peace, stability, improved workers' morale and cordial Labour-management relations. It was further established that workers' skill development programmes are panacea to effective Collective Bargaining in private enterprise. The paper therefore provides an insight into the major ways of preventing organizational conflict and development in terms of provision of good conditions of service for the workers. It was recommended that staff development and training should be the concern and responsibility of the management in order to ensure workers commitment and effectiveness in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Clinical and Counselling Psychology Vol.8(1) 2002: 103-112