Effective Working Time Research Articles

Real-time EEG-based detection of driving fatigue using a novel semi-dry electrode with self-replenishment of conductive fluid

A novel semi-dry electrode that can realize self-replenishment of conductive liquid is proposed in this study. Driving fatigue is detected by extracting the refined composite multiscale fluctuation dispersion entropy (RCMFDE) features in electroencephalogram (EEG) signals collected by this electrode. The results show that the new semi-dry electrode can automatically complete the conductive fluid supplement according to its own humidity conditions, which not only notably improves the effective working time, but also significantly reduces the skin impedance. By comparing with the classical entropy algorithms, the computational speed and the stability of the RCMFDE method are Substantially enhanced.

Herramientas de Gestión para la Optimización del Minado Subterráneo

The objective of this research work was to optimize productivity and reduce costs in mechanized underground mining operations; for which management tools such as TPM (Total Productive Maintenance) were applied, which made it possible to ensure the expected reliability of the equipment and Management Indicators (KPIs), contributing to greater effectiveness in operations and statistical tools to improve quality, Pareto charts and Ishikawa diagrams. A descriptive methodology consisting of the daily collection of data contained in the mine operations records, to analyze it and identify opportunities for improvement in each process, thus determining unproductive delays in drilling, ore cleaning and hauling. Among the results, it was identified that the availability of the H 357 drilling equipment had an increase of 6.80% after implementing management tools. It was also evident that productivity increased considerably in the effective working time of the Scoop measured in tons/hour, thanks to the implementation of TPM, from 79.90 to 85. Ultimately, the application of management tools allowed a philosophical change within the organization, guiding a more effective management of operations of the mining company.

Analisis Produktivitas Alat Gali Muat dan Alat Angkut Pada Pengupasan Lapisan Tanah Penutup (Overburden) Di Pt. Cahaya Riau Mandiri Kabupaten Lahat Provinsi Sumatera Selatan

PT Cahaya Riau Mandiri is a company engaged in coal mining that operates in Lahat Regency, South Sumatra Province with an open pit mining system. PT Cahaya Riau Mandiri has a production target of 70,000 tons/month in one shift. The purpose of this study is to determine the actual production of excavating and hauling equipment and the compatibility factor in coal mining, knowing the obstacles to effective working time in overcoming work obstacles that can be avoided so that loss time can be reduced and the resulting production can be achieved according to the company's target. The research method used in this research is quantitative and the stages in the preparation of this writing start from literature study, field observation, field data collection, data processing, data analysis, discussion and conclusions and suggestions. Based on the research and calculations that have been carried out, it is obtained that the actual production of the Liugong CLG952E excavator digging and loading equipment is 46. 522, 30 tons / month and the Iveco 682 dump truck conveyance is 44. 525, 25 tons / month with a compatibility factor of 0, 56. The strategy that can be done in increasing production is to improve work barriers, filling factors, tool compatibility and circulation time by using the basic work reference from the company. After improving the work of the Liugong CLG952E excavator and Iveco 682 dump truck transport equipment, the production of the Liugong CLG952E excavator increased from 46. 522, 30 tons / month to 70. 068, 54 tons / month and the Iveco 682 dump truck transport equipment increased from 44. 525, 25 tons / month to 70. 048, 21 tons/month.

Structural optimization of degradable polymer vascular stents based on surrogate models

The clinical performance of biodegradable polymer stents implanted in blood vessels is affected by uneven degradation. Stress distribution plays an important role in polymer degradation, and local stress concentration leads to the premature fracture of stents. Numerical simulations combined with in vitro experimental validation can accurately describe the degradation process and perform structural optimization. Compared with traditional design techniques, optimization based on surrogate models is more scientifically effective. Three stent structures were designed and optimized, with the effective working time during degradation as the optimization goal. The finite element method was employed to simulate the degradation process of the stent. Surrogate models were employed to establish the functional relationship between the design parameters and the degradation performance. The proposed function models accurately predicted the degradation performance of various stents. The optimized stent structures demonstrated improved degradation performance, with the kriging model showing a better optimization effect. This study provided a novel approach for optimizing the structural design of biodegradable polymer stents to enhance degradation performance.

Impact of health investment on household income distribution: insights from China's longitudinal survey data.

This paper investigates the impact of health investment on household income distribution, drawing from data spanning over 10 years from the China Nutrition and Health Survey. The study aims to contribute to the literature by examining the nuanced pathways through which health investment influences income distribution. Utilizing a rich dataset, rigorous empirical methods including quantile regression and cross-sectional data modeling are employed to explore the relationship between health investment and income distribution. The analysis reveals a robust positive association between health investment and both absolute and relative income levels across various demographic and occupational groups. Additionally, the study elucidates the pathways through which health investment influences income, including its effects on illness duration, employment opportunities, effective working time, and educational attainment. The findings demonstrate the dynamic nature of the relationship, indicating that as income levels rise, the impact of health investment on income becomes more pronounced. Moreover, the analysis highlights the role of health investment in facilitating upward income mobility, particularly for low-income households. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, suggesting that strategic health investment initiatives can contribute to achieving more equitable income distribution.

Productivity Evaluation of Digging, Loading, and Hauling Equipment in Limestone Mining, PT Pertama Mina Sutra Perkasa, Jember, Indonesia

The failure of meeting the productivity target often occurs in mining operations and is caused by several technical obstacles. PT Pertama Mina Sutra Perkasa set a productivity target of 80 tons/hour for loading and digging equipment and 35 tons/hour for transportation equipment. An analysis of factors that affect productivity needs to be studied in order to find out the causes of not achieving the productivity targets set by the company. This research was conducted on the limestone quarry of PT Pertama Mina Sutra Perkasa (PMSP) located in Grenden Village, Puger District, Jember Regency using quantitative research methods. Research begins with the formulation of problems and then data collection and processing. Data that has been processed and analyzed can then be the basis for determining efforts to improve the productivity of loading and transporting excavations. There are three loadings location not reached the productivity target. Not achieving tool productivity targets due to low work efficiency, suboptimal tool distribution time, and a combination of a less than ideal number of tools. In this study, productivity improvement was carried out by reducing the actual obstacle time in order to increase effective working time and tool efficiency.

Study of NIR long afterglow luminescent materials are used in silicon solar cells to produce electricity under dark condition

It is well known that the silicon solar cells can realize effective photoelectric conversion only under sunlight irradiation, and that can not generate electricity under dark condition. Thus, the effective working (photoelectric conversion) time of silicon solar cells throughout the whole day is very limited. In this paper, the up-conversion NIR long afterglow luminescent materials, Zn3Ga2-x-y-zGe2O10:xCr3+,yYb3+,zEr3+, were successfully prepared through high temperature calcination method. The structure, morphology, elemental composition and optical property of the prepared samples were analyzed by a series of characterization methods. In addition, the mechanisms of afterglow luminescent of these materials and the energy transfer mechanisms of up-conversion luminescent between the luminescent center Cr3+ and sensitizer ions (Yb3+ and Er3+) are discussed, respectively. Finally, the prepared luminescent materials are fixed on glass sheets with reflective capacity, and then are integrated with silicon solar cells in the form of a cover plate. And then, under dark conditions, the current density-voltage (J-V) curves and current density-time (J-T) curves of these silicon solar cells were tested to explore the influences of doping proportions of Cr3+, Yb3+, Er3+, Yb3+-Er3+ pairs and the calcination temperatures of Zn3Ga2-xGe2O10:xCr3+ on the power generation of the silicon solar cells. The results show that the photovoltaic conversion instantaneous efficiency of silicon solar cell with Zn3Ga1.975Ge2O10:1.0Cr3+,1.0 Yb3+,0.5Er3+ reaches the maximum value of 2.549 % under dark condition. The average efficiency within 300 s is 0.238%. At the same time, the silicon solar cell can generate dark current for up to 8.0 h, whose maximum dark current density and open-circuit voltage of 4.88 μA/cm2 and 0.914 mV, respectively. It is hoped that this study can provide some new ideas for silicon solar cells to generate electricity without sunlight irradiation.

Destruction Mechanism of Filter Cake under Air Pressure during Chamber Opening

Abstract During chamber openings, the filter cake that has formed on the excavation face is thin and cannot be monitored directly, resulting in an unclear understanding of its destruction mechanism. To investigate the destruction mechanism of filter cake under air pressure, a series of air breakthrough tests (ABTs) were conducted in this study, during which the water discharge and pore pressure were monitored. The experimental results indicate that the filter cake undergoes significant compression during ABTs, but it tends to be stabilized after a testing time of 40,000 s. Cracks and pores are observed on the surface when the filter cake is destructed, and the cracks are mainly distributed between 80 and 100 % of the radius. The effective working time (EWT) of Filter Cake B with a compression time beyond 40,000 s is much longer than that of Filter Cake A with a compression time below 40,000 s. Because the EWT of Filter Cake B is much longer than that of Filter Cake A, the slurry composition that promotes the formation of Filter Cake B should be used as much as possible during the slurry shield. Additionally, it is proven that the EWT increases with higher slurry density and filter cake thickness, whereas it decreases with increasing slurry viscosity. The analysis of the filter cake destruction mechanism shows that the compression of filter cake, capillary effect, mechanical effect, and interfacial effect all play important roles in filter cake destruction. Except for the compression of the filter cake that can extend the EWT, the other effects will accelerate the filter cake destruction.

One-step synthesis of Pt-Nd co-doped Ti/SnO2-Sb nanosphere electrodes used to degrade nitrobenzene.

Ti/SnO2-Sb electrodes possess high catalytic activity and efficiently degrade nitrobenzene (NB); however, their low service life limits their wide application. In this study, we used one-step hydrothermal synthesis to successfully prepare Pt-Nd co-doped Ti/SnO2-Sb nanosphere electrodes. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were applied to characterize the surface morphology, microstructure, and chemical composition of the electrodes, respectively. The electrochemical activity and stability of the electrodes were characterized via linear sweep and cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and an accelerated service life test; their performance for NB degradation was also studied. An appropriate amount of Pt-Nd co-doping refined the average grain size of SnO2 and formed a uniform and compact coating on the electrode surface. The oxygen evolution potential, total voltammetric charge, and electron transfer resistance of the Ti/SnO2-Sb-Nd-Pt electrodes were 1.88 V, 3.77 mC/cm2, and 11.50 Ω, respectively. Hydroxy radical was the main active radical species during the electrolytic degradation of nitrobenzene with Ti/SnO2-Sb-Nd-Pt. After Pt-Nd co-doping, the accelerated service life of the electrodes was extended from 8.0 min to 78.2 h (500 mA/cm2); although the NB degradation rate decreased from 94.1 to 80.6%, the total amount of theoretical catalytic degradation of NB in the effective working time increased from 17.4 to 8754.1 mg/cm2. These findings reveal good application potential for the electrodes and provide a reference for developing efficient and stable electrode materials.

PRODUCTIVITY STUDY OF HYDRAULIC BREAKER EXCAVATOR, PT HANSINDO MINERAL PERSADA, SUNGAI PINYUH DISTRICT, MEMPAWAH DISTRICT, WEST KALIMANTAN PROVINCE

PT Hansindo Mineral Persada is a granite mining company. Mining activities at PT Hansindo Mineral Persada use blasting and the help of a hydraulic excavator breaker to break up boulders. The crusher setting at PT Hansindo has a size of 50 cm, so rocks above 50 cm must be crushed first to make them smaller. The research aims to gain the capability of equipment production. Thus, it can assist in meeting production and cost requirements. Apart from that, this is also an effort to increase the production of hydraulic excavator breakers. Data collection in the field is carried out by observing cycle times, work constraints, working time, operational costs, the need for fuel, lubricants, etc. Then, the data is calculated on cycle time, effective working time, number of production tools, and operational costs. After that, it is necessary to make improvements during the effective working time of the obstacles that occur or to increase the number of hydraulic excavator breakers. The calculation results show that the production capacity of one hydraulic breaker excavator unit is 21.77 BCM/hour or 4,277.98 BCM/month. The operational cost for one tool is IDR 2,944,133.88/day. The increased production of the two recommended alternatives resulted in an increase of up to 4,468.41 BCM/month by improving the effective working time and 8,583.03 BCM/month by increasing the number of tools. The value of tool availability for MA increased by 0.1%, PA by 0%, UA increased by around 4%, and EU increased by around 4%.

Experimental and numerical study on temperature control performance of phase change material heat sink

With the increasing power consumption of electronic products, the rising temperature leads to the deterioration of working environment and the reduction of service life. In order to control the temperature rise of electronic products, in this paper, the heat sinks with phase change material (PCM) and honeycomb metal were designed. And their performance was compared with that of the original heat sink (without PCM and honeycomb metal) then studied under various working conditions. Paraffin (n-eicosane) and prepared low melting point alloy were filled into the heat sink with honeycomb metal. The temperature control performance of heat sink was tested experimentally under different heating power. A two-dimensional heat transfer mathematical model of honeycomb metal PCM heat sink was established and solved numerically. The numerical results were compared with experimental data to verify the mathematical model. The results demonstrate that PCM heat sinks effectively controls the temperature of electronic devices and the low melting point alloy makes heat sink better performance than paraffin. Honeycomb metal further decreases the temperature of the paraffin heat sink by up to 3.6 °C, and extends the effective working time of the alloy heat sink by 14 %. The performance of the low melting point honeycomb metal heat sink is superior to that of the paraffin honeycomb metal heat sink at high heating power, and is close to the latter at low heating power. The effective working time of PCM honeycomb metal heat sink is significantly extended when the PCM melting point is close to the limit temperature, especially at high heating power and for the PCM with low thermal conductivity. This study provides valuable reference for temperature control design of electronic products.

Cost Evaluation of Professional Services in a Rural Community Pharmacy: A Monocentric Exploratory Approach.

The increasing pressure on healthcare systems (HCSs) is a cause for concern worldwide. Rising costs, uncertainty about sustainability, and aging populations are the main issues that make it challenging to allocate scarce resources to the needs of HCSs. Clinical professional pharmacy services (PSs) have been shown to help alleviate system stress and to reach the entire population, although a cost of provision is borne. The objective of this study was to evaluate the provision costs of three PSs, a medicine-dispensing service (MDS), a multicompartmental compliance aid system service (MCAS), and a cognitive impairment screening service (CISS), in a rural community pharmacy. A cost analysis was performed using a time-driven activity-based costing model. The time dedicated to PS provision was appropriately recorded, and the corresponding expenses were extracted from the accounting records. A provision time of 4.80 min and a cost of EUR 2.24 were estimated for the MDS, while 18.33 min and EUR 8.73 were calculated for the MCAS, and 122.20 min and EUR 56.72 were calculated for the CISS. The total provision time represented 85% of the pharmacist's effective working time. Tailored cost analysis is a useful tool for making decisions on the implementation of a PS. Larger studies including a variety of pharmacies and locations are necessary to accurately assess costs and engage in discussions on funding and remuneration.

DAMPAK PEMBERIAN TAMBAHAN PENGHASILAN PADA KINERJA PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL

The purpose of the study to find out and analyze the impact of the provision of Additional Income on the performance of Civil Servants in the Office of The District Head of Ngebel Ponorogo.Qualitative descriptive research type. Research objects are based on people's data sources, documents and events.Selection of informants with purposive sampling techniques. Interview, observation and documentation data collection techniques. Data instruments in the form of a list of questions, observations and recordings. Data analysis techniques using interactive data analysis of miles &huberman models. The impact was analyzed with Finsterbusch theory and Motz Single before-after program according to and performance theory according to John Miner with indicators of quality, quantity, use of time in work and cooperation.The results showed that the implementation of AEI was going well but there were still technical constraints.Quality there is an improvement in the quality of the work and a decrease in the error rate although not too great.The positive impact on the quantity of budget realization efficiency and realization of organizational performance achievement exceeds the target above 100%.The use of time in work there is a decrease in violations of working hours at the rate of absence, the rate of delay and quick return.The effective working time of employees in 2020 averaged 85%. While in the aspect of cooperation is not seen the impact because it has been running well before the AEI.

2023/12 The commute time of an itinerant sales employee between their home and the sites of their first and last customers can in some cases be considered as effective working time (FR)

2023/12 The commute time of an itinerant sales employee between their home and the sites of their first and last customers can in some cases be considered as effective working time (FR)

A two-stage system proposal based on a type-2 fuzzy logic system for ergonomic control of classrooms and offices

For people who spend a long time indoors during the day, it is incredibly vital that their environmental conditions are ergonomically designed to provide comfort. However, keeping these comfort conditions at optimum limits during the day requires an important control activity. In this study, a two-stage system using type-2 fuzzy logic is proposed for the ergonomic control of indoor environments such as classrooms and offices. This system calculates the effective working time and time-dependent change in carbon dioxide levels in the first stage and evaluates the ergonomic comfort conditions in the second stage. To develop this system, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide levels were measured at different times of the day in university classrooms and the rooms of some faculty members. Based on the data obtained from these measurements, the proposed ergonomic control structure was modeled by using both type-1 and type-2 fuzzy logic systems. As a result, although it was seen that both fuzzy logic systems produced the same results in some examples, it was observed that the proposed type-2 fuzzy logic system produced better interpretations than type-1 in some of the others. Therefore, the type-2 fuzzy logic system is recommended for better ergonomic control in extremely fuzzy environments.

Achieving Continuous Self-Powered Energy Conversion-Storage-Supply Integrated System Based on Carbon Felt.

Efficient harvesting and storage of dispersed irregular energy from the environment are crucial to the demand for the distributed devices of the Internet of Things (IoTs). Here, a carbon felt (CF)-based energy conversion-storage-supply integrated system (CECIS) that contains a CF-based solid-state supercapacitor (CSSC) and a CF-based triboelectric nanogenerator (C-TENG) is presented, which is capable of simultaneously energy storage and conversion. The simple treated CF not only delivers a maximal specific capacitance of 402.4 F g-1 but also prominent supercapacitor characteristics with fast charge and slow discharge, enabling 38 LEDs successfully lightened for more than 900 s after a wireless charging time of only 2 s. With the original CF as the sensing layer, buffer layer, and current collector of C-TENG, the maximal power of 91.5mW is attained. The CECIS shows a competitive output performance. The time ratio of the duration of supply energy to the harvesting and storage reaches 9.6:1, meaning that it is competent for the continuous energy application when the effective working time of C-TENG is longer than one-tenth of the whole day. This study not only highlights the great potential of CECIS in sustainable energy harvesting and storage but also lays the foundation for the ultimate realization of IoTs.

Modified power line system-based energy efficient routing protocol to improve network life time in 5G networks

One of the main issues with wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is that most of the sensor nodes are powered by batteries with a finite lifespan, which has a significant impact on the performance, quality, and lifespan of the network. Over the past decade, energy-efficient routing methods were utilized to improve the network lifetime. In this work, we implemented a novel routing protocol-based modified power line system to improve the network lifetime in 5G networks. The technique of data transfer with the optimum hop count is presented based on energy balancing, which completely minimizes the energy usage of data transmission. In some specific applications, the nodes must work at a similar time, and the effective working time of systems is determined by identifying the node with the highest energy levels in the network. The proposed M-POLC shows the highest energy level as compared to LEACH, EEUC, and CH LEACH for 200 nodes with 50 iterations. The Modified Power Line System (M-POLC) has more alive nodes compared to Energy-Efficient Uneven Clustering (EEUC) which has 70% alive nodes, Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) with 50% alive nodes, and Cluster Head Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (CH LEACH) with less than 20% alive nodes. Simulation outcomes suggest that the proposed strategy significantly reduces energy usage while also extending the lifetime of WSNs in 5G networks.

Investigating the Controlled Wood Harvesting Efficiency of Logging Operation in Akure Forest Reserve

This study attempts to investigate the controlled wood harvesting efficiency in Akure Forest Reserve in Ondo State. Specifically, the study determined the efficiency of the harvesting method being adopted in the study area. A reconnaissance survey and measurement were carried out in the study area, where data on fifty (50) trees felled were randomly selected. Tree growth variables such as the height and diameter at the base, middle, and top of both the standing trees and the extracted logs were obtained using a Spiegel relaskop and measuring tape, as well as the effective working time using a stopwatch. The diameter of the standing trees to be harvested was grouped into classes of <30cm, 30-40cm, 41-50cm, 51-60cm, 61-70cm, and >70cm. The volume, efficiency, and productivity were estimated along the different diameter classes. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Our results showed that the efficiency of the harvesting method adopted at Akure Forest Reserve was about 52%, with an average volume of 0.68m3 per log, an average effective working time per log of 0.029 hours, and a productivity of 27.43 m3/hour. The harvesting efficiency recorded was reasonably high compared to other values obtained from the previous studies for other forest reserves in Nigeria. This result can be attributed to some factors that include the experience of the operator, the equipment condition, and the environmental condition during the operation. The study, therefore, concludes and recommends that efficiency can be improved by investing in human capacity building and institutional strengthening in order to increase output, which will in turn help to meet the demand for wood products from forests.

Hemp Sowing Seed Production: Assessment of New Approaches in North-Italy

Bottlenecks occur as the cultivated area increases and the inappropriate mechanization methods hinder the stable supply of seeds for hemp multiplication. Moreover, the seeds ripen scalarly, and a timely stabilization is required to impede a germinability reduction. The study coupled the delayed sowing of a non-specific hemp variety to a harvesting system allowing for the collection of seeds with other threshing fractions. The final goal was the identification of an innovative route integrating agronomic and mechanical aspects for the improvement of the supply chain of seed production. To this aim, harvesting trials were carried out on the variety Futura sowed at the end of June in North Italy and were collected with a combine equipped with a separator developed for the recovery of threshing residues. The shortening of the growth cycle did not affect the plant height (173 cm on average). The effective working time of the combine was 57% of the total working time and the field efficiency was 1.14 ha h−1, a good performance considering that in our work the seeds was threshed simultaneously to the harvest operation. Seed losses were found to be mostly at the expense of the mowing and threshing system (sector B) but remained below 5%. The separation system allowed for the rescue of 492.20 kg ha−1 (DW basis) of high-value threshing residues.

Influence of high pressure pulsating excitation on pipe joint sealing based on multiscale contact analyses

Most of the leakage faults in hydraulic pipeline systems occur in the pipe joint. The research on the high-pressure sealing and reliability of the pipe joint is very important in the application of civil aircraft parts. On the basis of studying the characteristics of pressure pulsating fluid, this paper explores the influence of a high pressure pulsating fluid on the sealing performance of flameless extruded pipe joints and analyzes the influence of the internal fluid pulsating amplitude and fluid under different pressures on the contact stress distribution of the sealing surface of the pipe joint. The results show that with the increase in flow pulsation amplitude from 0.5% to 5%, the amplitude of contact stress on the sealing surface decreases with creep time, which makes the sealing performance better. However, the effective working time of the joint as a whole decreases from 2000 to 194 h. The high-stress area of the contact surface expands as the fluid pressure increases, and the high internal fluid pressure obviously improves the sealing effectiveness and reliability of the pipe joint. In addition, the influence of fluid pulsation amplitude on the leakage rate of the joint is much greater than that of the fluid pressure.