Effective Visual Communication Research Articles

Images Connect Us Together: Navigating a COVID-19 Local Outbreak in China Through Social Media Images

Social media images, curated or casual, have become a crucial component of communicating situational information and emotions during health crises. Despite its prevalence and significance in informational dissemination and emotional connection, there lacks a comprehensive understanding of visual crisis communication in the aftermath of a pandemic which is characterized by uncertain local situations and emotional fatigue. To fill this gap, this work collected 345,423 crisis-related posts and 65,376 original images during the Xi'an COVID-19 local outbreak in China, and adopted a mixed-methods approach to understanding themes, goals, and strategies of crisis imagery. Image clustering captured the diversity of visual themes during the outbreak, such as text images embedding authoritative guidelines and "visual diaries" recording and sharing the quarantine life. Through text classification of the post that visuals were situated in, we found that different visual themes highly correlated with the informational and emotional goals of the post text, such as adopting text images to convey the latest policies and sharing food images to express anxiety. We further unpacked nuanced strategies of crisis image use through inductive coding, such as signifying authority and triggering empathy. We discuss the opportunities and challenges of crisis imagery and provide design implications to facilitate effective visual crisis communication.

Balancing Effective Visual Communication and Anti-Stereotype in Women’s Empowerment Visuals

Visuals have been increasingly preferred as a means for advocating for feminism. Visual content creators with such ends design visual content in particular ways to attract and create resonance with female audiences. However, in doing so, visual creators may be contributing to the social construction of “female”, potentially undermining their efforts. The current study provides an explanation of the components of effective visual communication and anti-gender stereotypes, identifies their connection and a dilemma for visual creators, and suggests possible solutions as to how to balance the two. There is no one solution that is capable of solving the problem entirely, and the efficacy of the solutions varies based on the particular visual communication method and/or the circumstances and viewpoint of the affected group, indicating the necessity for customized approaches.

Role of Graphic Design in Computer Polygraphic Research: Influence of Design Decisions on Product Production and Use

The purpose of the article is to find out the role of graphic design in computerised printing processes and evaluate how the choice of design decisions affects the production and functionality of finished printing products. Research methodology. The research used theoretical analysis to study literary sources, scientific publications and historical data on the development of graphic design and its impact on the printing industry. Empirical observation, such as data collection through observation of work processes in design studios and printing houses, analysis of real cases of implementation of design solutions were applied. Comparative method was used to compare the effectiveness of different design approaches and their impact on the final product. Case analysis, as a detailed analysis of specific projects where innovative design solutions was applied, and evaluation of their impact on product success. Scientific novelty consists in the fact that the impact of graphic design on printing production and its perception by consumers has been investigated. It has been established that design solutions affect the efficiency and attractiveness of products. The processes of merging graphic design with computer polygraphic processes were studied, from the perspective of the formation of changes in design work, and it was determined for the first time that modern visual trends affect the interactivity and emotional perception of users. Conclusions. It was determined that polygraphic complexes form a unique corporate style that communicates with other design elements through clear visual images. Graphic design reproduces reality through a creative combination of colour, shape and texture, creating a subjective worldview. Simplicity and clarity are key to effective visual communication. Artistic images, which become full-fledged graphic objects in design, depend on visual perception and psychology, and are subject to various transformations to achieve the desired effect in printed products. Keywords: computer printing, graphic design, digital design, artistic method, printing product.

Pendampingan Branding Produk Dengan Menggunakan Aplikasi Canva Pada LKP Khiara Training Centre

The utilization of digital technology in the era of Industry 4.0 provides significant benefits, especially in the tourism and culinary sectors. Digital branding, which creates product identity through technology, is crucial in promoting products and creating a positive perception in society. Training institutions such as Khiara Training Center play a role in imparting skills to the community. The use of digital marketing by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can expand their marketing reach nationally and internationally. Graphic design, including infographic design, involves arranging graphic elements for effective visual communication.
 The Canva application, a drag-and-drop-based design tool, is an effective solution for product branding and graphic design. The implementation methods of the outreach activities involve monologous methods for content delivery and dialogic methods through discussions. The preparation phase includes problem understanding, collecting reference materials, and scheduling. The execution phase involves a two-day training, with the presentation of Canva's features on the first day and hands-on practice on the second day. Evaluation and final reporting are used to assess participants' understanding and the outcomes of the activities. This initiative successfully trained 20 participants from various educational backgrounds in using the Canva application for product branding design

Exploring the Influence of Visual Elements in Corporate Communication: A Case Study of the Luxury Brand Industry

This study investigates the impact of visual elements in corporate communication, with a specific focus on the luxury brand industry. The research aims to understand how visual design elements influence the effectiveness of corporate communication. The study begins with a comprehensive literature review, analyzing works by prominent scholars in the field, including Meggs, Bakker, Shirai, Marsh, Wheeler, Budelmann, Farrelly, and Nakanishi. The literature review explores the significance of visual design concepts, such as logos, colors, typography, and visual style, in creating a strong brand identity. It also examines the use of visual hierarchy and color psychology to enhance communication effectiveness. Furthermore, the research delves into various brand communication strategies employed by luxury brands, including storytelling, experiential marketing, influencer partnerships, personalization, and digital marketing. The study highlights the role of visual elements in conveying exclusivity, elegance, and aspiration associated with luxury brands. Based on the literature review, the study draws conclusions regarding the importance of visual elements in luxury brand communication. Effective visual design and communication strategies can enhance brand recognition, foster consumer loyalty, and create a lasting impression in a competitive market.

A Techno-Innovative Approach to Visual Communication Design in Geography Teaching: Canva

Communication using visuals such as maps, graphics and concept maps has an important function in geography teaching. For effective geographical visual communication design, these visuals must first have a successful design. While visual design was previously an activity that could only be done by experts in this field, the tools developed with the support of technology have enabled many more people to make these designs even without any training. One of these tools is the Web 2.0 tool called Canva. Research shows that the visuals in the resources used in the geography teaching process are either incomplete or inaccurate. For this reason, the ability of geography teachers to make visual designs with Canva can eliminate this problem. For this, it is essential for geography teachers to be aware of the capabilities of this tool in visual communication design. In this context, the aim of this study is to reveal how the web 2.0 tool named Canva can be used in the teaching process of a geography course with examples. In order to achieve this goal, a descriptive literature review was conducted and document analysis, one of the qualitative research method designs, was used. According to the results obtained from the research, it was determined that Canva contains many geographical visuals, and these visuals can be used in different dimensions of geography teaching processes. At the end of the study, suggestions were made regarding the effect of Canva on the success of visual communication in the geography teaching process.

Evidence-based infographics and visual communication as powerful tools to improve health outcomes

Abstract Background Anemia can double the risk of death in pregnancy, with women in developing countries being the most at risk. Adherence to an iron supplementation regimen can markedly improve overall health outcomes for those who are affected by iron deficiency anemia. Still, most adherence-boosting programs require significant counseling time with a primary care provider, a resource that is becoming increasingly scarce. In our review of the literature, we explored infographics and other visual science communication tools for their ability to improve medication adherence, with a special focus on low literacy populations in the developing world. With the results of this review being favourable, we conducted a subsequent literature search on factors that can amplify the useful effect of infographics. Methods We conducted a literature search on PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycInfo to identify literature on effective visual science communication techniques. Techniques from the literature were then compiled and sorted into the categories of “DOs” or “DON’Ts” of developing impactful infographics. These guidelines were then utilized to develop an infographic depicting an iron supplementation regimen for pregnant women. Results 27 recommendations on developing effective and impactful infographics were identified from the literature. These included, but were not limited to, the following: utilize accompanying text that is understandable at a low literacy level to prevent misinterpretation of the message depicted through pictogram(s), and use a culturally-sensitive lens to design images that would be easily relatable among the target cultural demographic. These recommendations were adapted to develop an evidence-based infographic. Conclusions Our review of effective visual science communication techniques supports the importance of using evidence-based methods to develop infographics that are effective among a range of demographics and medical conditions. Key messages • Evidence-based infographics and visual science communication tools can amplify the effectiveness of science and health communication. • Infographics and visual science communication tools can be applied to a variety of literacy levels and medical conditions to improve patient outcomes.

A Model for Balancing Clarity and Appeal in Serious Game Visuals

In serious game development, graphic design needs to be eye-catching, while also depicting subject matter content in a responsible, accurate, and clear way. Previous research has shown that abstract and symbolic game visuals seem to be preferable for learning and providing an engaging experience. Our research focuses on describing the challenges involved in creating effective visual communication through game graphics in cross cultures. In particular, we’re interested in examining if certain styles of visual communication are more or less effective between different cultural demographics. To examine this, we have created a serious game which aims to promote healthy food and nutrition habits to teenagers in both Nepalese and Swedish schools and by doing so also motivate behavioral changes toward healthier eating habits. We are currently conducting studies to see whether preferences and image recognition differ between the two demographical spheres. This paper will only discuss the exploratory study done in Nepal. Ultimately, this paper aims to contribute development guidelines that can aid developers in creating more effective visual communication in their serious games, and we primarily focus on exploring what we call the compromise of ‘clarity’ and ‘appeal’ in the creation of game graphics. We present an initial model for choosing at what level in terms of realism/abstraction and taxonomic hierarchy the graphical components of serious games optimally should be produced in order to solve the dilemma of precise, unmistakable, yet appealing visuals in serious games. It all comes down to two primary decisions: defining the taxonomic hierarchy of the items to depict, and choosing the style in which to depict them. With a better understanding of when different game visuals are more or less appropriate, both in terms of style and in which objects are represented, game developers will be able to balance production costs better while also creating something that strikes the compromise between clarity and appeal.

Visual Communication of Probabilistic Information to Enhance Decision Support

Abstract When hazardous weather is forecast, communicating probabilistic information (PI) can improve trust, confidence, and understanding of forecast information, resulting in improved decision-making by emergency managers and public audiences. With probabilistic forecast tools modernizing forecast operations, the National Weather Service is calling on regional offices to increase the use of PI. However, communicating PI can be challenging since the information is intrinsically more complex than single-value deterministic forecasts that do not include a measure of uncertainty. We suggest that effective PI visualization not only includes the PI graphic but also communicates potential impacts and issues preventative guidance to limit exposure to weather-related hazards. Decision support tools like PI benefit from, if not require, effective visual communication that capitalizes on the efficiency of the visual system to extract information, decrease the time to interpret information, and increase the understanding of uncertainties. Furthermore, PI visuals need to be accessible to disabled and neurodivergent audiences. To enhance the visual communication of PI, we synthesize literature from graphic design and social science to identify guiding principles for effective visual communication and provide a one-page printout quick guide. To showcase how forecasters can incorporate guiding principles in the local context, we provide examples built from readily usable templates to demonstrate how probabilistic forecast information extracted from tools like the National Blend of Models can be used to enhance the visual communication of PI to support more informed decision-making.

Understanding stakeholder experiences with visual communication in environmental impact assessment

Visual communication is widely and commonly used in environmental impact assessment (EIA) practice by all stakeholders. It includes maps, photographs, tables, info-graphics and other images used in environmental impact statements, as well as videos and graphics in online materials or in face-to-face consultation sessions (e.g., posters and PowerPoint presentations). The purpose of this research was to understand the practice of visual communication in EIA, focusing upon the perceptions and experiences of stakeholders. Surveys were conducted with international EIA practitioners along with observations of consultation sessions for three EIA projects in Portugal and interviews with proponents, regulators and members of the public involved. Specific focus was on (i) understanding stakeholder perspectives on the advantages and disadvantages of visual communication in EIA; (ii) proponent perceptions about the creation and use of visual communication; and (iii) public perceptions regarding their understanding and experience of visual communication as recipients of this material during public engagement in EIA. The mode and content of presentation, visual literacy of stakeholders and technical arrangements interact to determine the efficacy of visual communication. All stakeholders expected visual communication to be employed in EIA, but proponents and public were found to have low visual literacy. Proponents had pre-conceived notions for visual communication, without considering the needs of their audience, resulting in complex content being delivered inappropriately – too fast, without opportunity for reflection and dialogue. Frustrated public recipients tended to distrust proponents and be opposed to their projects, an unintended emotional response arising from cognition challenges with visual communication, combined with insufficient time for explanation, interpretation, and dialogue. This paper seeks to trigger reflection by practitioners and researchers on how and by whom visual communication in EIA should be designed, and what inhibits their comprehension and understanding. Considering visual literacy levels of EIA stakeholdersand tailoring the mode and style of delivery accordingly is critical for effective visual communication.

Communicating health information with visual displays.

Well-designed visual displays have the power to convey health messages in clear, effective ways to non-experts, including journalists, patients and policymakers. Poorly designed visual displays, however, can confuse and alienate recipients, undermining health messages. In this Perspective, we propose a structured framework for effective visual communication of health information, using case examples of three common communication tasks: comparing treatment options, interpreting test results, and evaluating risk scenarios. We also show simple, practical ways to evaluate a design's success and guide improvements. The proposed framework is grounded in research on health risk communication, visualization and decision science, as well as our experience in communicating health data.

Analysis of the Quantitative Impact of Virtual Reality Technology on Visual Communication Art Design

ABSTRACT In order to improve the effect of visual communication art design, this paper combines virtual reality technology to analyze the quantitative impact of visual communication art design. The paper aims to address the need for more effective visual communication art design by proposing a new design system incorporating virtual reality technology. Moreover, this paper elaborates two implementations of semi-covered virtual reality graphics through pictures and texts: by translating the turntable or offsetting the detector. In addition to this, this paper expounds the semi-covered virtual reality graphics realized by the translation stage. By interpolating the projection data onto a virtual detector, the half-covering virtual reality graphics realized by the translation stage can theoretically be equivalent to the half-covering virtual reality graphics realized by offsetting the virtual detector. It uses semi-covered virtual reality graphics achieved through the translation stage as the main methodological approach to achieve this goal. It conducts experimental research to evaluate the system’s effectiveness. The experimental research shows that the visual communication design system based on virtual reality technology proposed in this paper has good design performance and can effectively improve the effect of visual communication art design.

Evaluation of Antalya Bus Station Information Element Designs in terms of Visual Aesthetic Quality

A The concept of information, known as information expansion, has been at the forefront in terms of the needs of societies from the past to the present. Recently, especially with the development of technological facilities, the importance of information design systems has increased considerably. Information and guidance elements exist in every field of social use, enabling the transfer of information; It is an important element in providing interaction for information and orientation within the spaces and gaining the functional and visual aesthetic appreciation of people with effective visual communication tools. As a social use, bus station structures also stand out as an important public space in the design of information and guidance elements. Within the scope of the study, focusing on the informatics language of bus station structures; It is aimed to determine the signage systems in the building through the example of Antalya Bus Station and to evaluate these designs in the context of graphic design space. In the evaluation of the identified signage systems, semi-structured interview techniques and descriptive analysis methods were used. In the first stage of the study, passenger, and employee opinions about the information-guidance qualities of the existing signage systems were taken. Within the scope of the interview data obtained, signage systems were evaluated by making descriptive analyses in the context of design elements and design principles as information-guidance design components determined in the existing literature. As a result of the evaluations, it was seen that most of the signage systems in the bus station structure were insufficient in terms of functional and visual aesthetic quality and that identity was not given to the bus station space and the city. As a method criterion, the study is expected to be a source for researchers from many disciplines that are active in the information and guidance design of bus station structures with approaches and elements appropriate to the identity of the city.

Social Engagement with climate change: principles for effective visual representation on social media

ABSTRACT Climate change communication on social media plays a prominent role in efforts undertaken by state agencies, NGOs, and international organizations, to make citizens aware of this phenomenon. The images used to communicate climate change are of great importance, since they can help to effectively raise citizen awareness. Building upon news values theory and the concept of availability heuristics, this research paper aims to identify principles that can be used for effective visual communication of climate change on social media on a cross-national scale, based upon analyses of characteristics of images that foster interaction on Twitter. We conducted a content analysis of a random selection of images (photographs, illustrations, and graphics, n = 380), posted on Twitter that were included in the so-called ‘top tweets’ about climate change. The results indicate that the types of images that are used on social media are relatively similar to those employed by conventional media, although images of identifiable people are less frequently shown on social media. We also deduced that four practical principles are especially relevant to foster user interaction on Twitter through images: (i) show ‘real people’ (i.e. non-staged images of people that transmit real emotions), (ii) tell a story, (iii) include a local connection, and (iv) show impacts or actions by people who are directly affected. These practical principles are based on the more general principles of meaningfulness and personification, two foundations that can help to overcome some of the main barriers to citizens’ perception of climate change as a relevant issue with serious consequences in their lives. Campaigns on social media that use imagery based on these practical and general principles can be effective in communicating the shared responsibility to address climate change. This can have a relevant impact on social perception, since it can encourage citizens to care about climate, which is regarded as necessary to increase participation in climate action. Key policy insights Social media can play a prominent role in campaigns to make citizens aware of climate change. Images can help to effectively raise citizen awareness of climate change. Four practical principles can be effective in increasing user interaction on social media with images about climate: show ‘real’ people, tell a story, include a local connection, and show people who are directly affected. Visual campaigns based on the more general principles of meaningfulness and personification can be effective in representing climate change as a relevant issue in citizens’ lives. These practical and more general principles can have a relevant impact on the social perception of climate change and increase citizen participation in climate debate and action.

Effective Communication of Personalized Risks and Patient Preferences During Surgical Informed Consent Using Data Visualization: Qualitative Semistructured Interview Study With Patients After Surgery.

BackgroundThere is no consensus on which risks to communicate to a prospective surgical patient during informed consent or how. Complicating the process, patient preferences may diverge from clinical assumptions and are often not considered for discussion. Such discrepancies can lead to confusion and resentment, raising the potential for legal action. To overcome these issues, we propose a visual consent tool that incorporates patient preferences and communicates personalized risks to patients using data visualization. We used this platform to identify key effective visual elements to communicate personalized surgical risks.ObjectiveOur main focus is to understand how to best communicate personalized risks using data visualization. To contextualize patient responses to the main question, we examine how patients perceive risks before surgery (research question 1), how suitably the visual consent tool is able to present personalized surgical risks (research question 2), how well our visualizations convey those personalized surgical risks (research question 3), and how the visual consent tool could improve the informed consent process and how it can be used (research question 4).MethodsWe designed a visual consent tool to meet the objectives of our study. To calculate and list personalized surgical risks, we used the American College of Surgeons risk calculator. We created multiple visualization mock-ups using visual elements previously determined to be well-received for risk communication. Semistructured interviews were conducted with patients after surgery, and each of the mock-ups was presented and evaluated independently and in the context of our visual consent tool design. The interviews were transcribed, and thematic analysis was performed to identify major themes. We also applied a quantitative approach to the analysis to assess the prevalence of different perceptions of the visualizations presented in our tool.ResultsIn total, 20 patients were interviewed, with a median age of 59 (range 29-87) years. Thematic analysis revealed factors that influenced the perception of risk (the surgical procedure, the cognitive capacity of the patient, and the timing of consent; research question 1); factors that influenced the perceived value of risk visualizations (preference for rare event communication, preference for risk visualization, and usefulness of comparison with the average; research question 3); and perceived usefulness and use cases of the visual consent tool (research questions 2 and 4). Most importantly, we found that patients preferred the visual consent tool to current text-based documents and had no unified preferences for risk visualization. Furthermore, our findings suggest that patient concerns were not often represented in existing risk calculators.ConclusionsWe identified key elements that influence effective visual risk communication in the perioperative setting and pointed out the limitations of the existing calculators in addressing patient concerns. Patient preference is highly variable and should influence choices regarding risk presentation and visualization.

Monitoring the Construction Industry Towards a Construction Revolution 4.0

The key concept of the Industrial Revolution IR 4.0 has been conceptualized as the new wave of digitalization, robotization, and broader usage of information and communication technology. However, the construction industry is complicated, which has led to its slow industrial evolution. The construction industry still follows traditional labor-intensive industry practices, with high energy consumption, environmental pollution, and low productivity in project delivery. Moreover, the recent cataclysmic COVID 19 pandemic has opened the vision of the construction industry towards IR 4.0 due to the human movement restriction. This paper aims to investigate the adoption of indispensable monitoring technology in the construction industry as effective visual communication of data towards the IR 4.0. This research closes the gap and gives an intensive literature investigation to acquire insights into Construction 4.0 and a case study to showcase the developed monitoring dashboard. Adoption of IR 4.0 technologies will achieve sustainable construction development, lower costs and fast construction with the highest quality. The critical literature review of previous studies with content analysis to demonstrate the recent research in this area. The monitoring dashboard brings the construction performance assessment data to real life and provides key performance indicators required for construction management and support decisions.

The effectiveness of using infographics on academic achievement: A meta-analysis and a meta-thematic analysis

This study aims to reinterpret the findings of the studies investigating the effectiveness of using infographics on academic achievement. A mixed methods research design including both quantitative and qualitative sections was adopted on the use of infographics in education. For this purpose, a meta-analysis of 12 empirical studies on the effect of using infographics on academic achievement in education carried out during the period from 2016 to 2021 was conducted. Some moderator analyses such as school grades, implementation period and school subjects in which infographics were used were also conducted to reveal the effectiveness of using infographics in education. The findings suggest that using infographics in education has a positive effect on academic achievement and the effect is at a large level (g =1.599). In terms of moderator analyses, the academic achievement changed according to implementation periods of infographics. The highest effect size was in the “4-5 weeks” group (g = 1.343). The meta-thematic aspect of this study revealed three dimensions of infographics as cognitive contributions, challenges in using and development of infographics and, suggestions for application. More empirical studies are suggested to test the expressed power of infographics as an effective visual communication tool and teaching material.

Aboriginal perspectives on recognising clinical deterioration in their child and communicating concerns to clinicians

Aims and objectivesTo explore the perspectives of family members of Aboriginal children about a) their involvement in recognising clinical deterioration in a hospital setting and b) the effectiveness of a poster designed to promote family involvement. BackgroundTo assist in the early recognition and response to clinical deterioration for hospitalised children, many escalation of care processes now include family involvement. Little is currently known about the perspectives of Australian Aboriginal families in recognising deterioration in their child and raising the alarm, or if current escalation of care systems meet the needs of Aboriginal families. DesignQualitative pragmatist approach using semi-structured interviews. MethodsSeven interviews were conducted with five mothers and two grandmothers of Aboriginal children who were inpatients at a children's hospital. Thematic analysis was undertaken. FindingsTwo themes were identified: Theme one was: Family role in recognising and responding to clinical deterioration, with two subthemes of knowing when to worry and communicating concerns. Participants reported that some families needed more knowledge to recognise clinical deterioration. Communication barriers between families and clinicians were identified. Theme two was: Effective visual communication with three subthemes of linguistic clarity, visual appeal and content. ConclusionsAdditional strategies are needed to promote effective communication between clinicians and families of Aboriginal children in hospital. Posters were considered effective, particularly if including a cultural connection, images and simplified language. Practice implicationsThese insights provide important information for health professionals and health service managers to be aware that additional communication strategies are required to support Aboriginal family involvement in recognising clinical deterioration and escalation of care.

공공시각매체의 사용자 경험(UX) 개선을 위한 가이드라인 제안 연구 -주의표지의 효과적인 시각커뮤니케이션을 중심으로-

도로의 교통 환경을 경험하는 이용자들에게 쉽고 직관적으로 알아볼 수 있는 안내표지의 제공은 필수적이다. 공공시각매체의 시각 기호는 사용자들의 시각적인 경험을 면밀히 파악하고 이해하여 디자인 되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 공공시각매체인 도로 교통 안전표지판에 대한 시각적인 경험 측면에서의 인식도를 파악하여 보다 직관적인 시각커뮤니케이션 방안을 모색하고자 한다. 이를 통해 교통안전표지판의 시인성과 직관성을 높여 궁극적으로 시민들의 교통안전을 유도하고자 하며 도시적 차원의 정보시각화에 대한 솔루션을 제공하고자 한다. 문헌적 연구에서는 시지각 이론, 시각커뮤니케이션과 사용자 경험(UX)을 고찰하고 이를 바탕으로 실증연구에서 주의표지에 대한 시각·인지 경험에 대한 설문조사 및 사례분석을 진행하였다. 실증연구 결과를 바탕으로 교통안전표지의 사용자 경험(UX)개선을 위한 가이드라인을 제안하였다. 연구 결과 가장 높은 인식률을 보이는 것은 ‘횡단보도’ 주의표지판(95.8% 인식가능)이었으며, 가장 낮은 인식률을 보이는 것은 ‘중앙분리대 끝남’ 주의표지판(21.0% 인식가능)으로 나타나났다. 시지각 이론 측면에서 표지판에 대한 사례분석 결과, 인간의 시지각은 단순한 형태보다 복잡하지만 명확하게 드러나는 형태를 쉽게 인지하고 함축된 정보전달의 의미를 쉽게 이해함을 고찰할 수 있었다. 가이드라인 제안에서는 정보를 직관적으로 제공해야하고 메시지의 오류를 최소화해야하는 교통표지판의 경우에는 시각적 요소들의 명확성, 복잡성, 일차원성, 형상성을 고려하여 의미전달의 오류 최소화 및 사용자의 시각·인지 경험을 향상시켜야함을 제시할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 현재 사용되고 있는 규제표지, 지시표지, 보조표지등 다양한 공공 정보 매체의 시각디자인 개발 시에 사용자의 시각· 인지 경험에 따라 직관적이고 오류없이 전달할 수 있는 UX관점의 정보디자인 제작을 도울 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

Functional data analysis and visualisation of three-dimensional surface shape.

The advent of high‐resolution imaging has made data on surface shape widespread. Methods for the analysis of shape based on landmarks are well established but high‐resolution data require a functional approach. The starting point is a systematic and consistent description of each surface shape and a method for creating this is described. Three innovative forms of analysis are then introduced. The first uses surface integration to address issues of registration, principal component analysis and the measurement of asymmetry, all in functional form. Computational issues are handled through discrete approximations to integrals, based in this case on appropriate surface area weighted sums. The second innovation is to focus on sub‐spaces where interesting behaviour such as group differences are exhibited, rather than on individual principal components. The third innovation concerns the comparison of individual shapes with a relevant control set, where the concept of a normal range is extended to the highly multivariate setting of surface shape. This has particularly strong applications to medical contexts where the assessment of individual patients is very important. All of these ideas are developed and illustrated in the important context of human facial shape, with a strong emphasis on the effective visual communication of effects of interest.