Effective Storage Method Research Articles

Controlled Temperature Condition to Optimize the Storage Period and the Seeds Quality of Five Coffee Varieties

There is increasing interest of Indonesian coffee farmers to propagate coffee plants by using generative seeds due to easiness on distribution and production.The harvest time of coffee seed and the time for sowing/planting is separated by six months. This requires coffee seeds to be stored at least for the period.Technology for coffee storage is challenging due to the characteristic of coffee seeds as intermediate seeds which are sensitive to drying. The development of efficient and effective storage methods for coffee seeds is urgently needed. This study was aimed to evaluate the germination viability and quality of coffee seedlings obtained from the seeds that have been stored for up to 12 months in the warehouse. This study employed five coffee varieties including three Arabica coffee (USDA 762, P 88, and Gayo 1), and two Robusta coffee (propellegitim and Hibiro). One kilogram package of each variety (four replications) was stored in the warehouse at a temperature of 20 °C ± 2 °C. Each replication of the coffee seeds was then evaluated for germination viability and seedling quality on 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of storage. Fresh coffee seeds (without storage) were used for comparison. The results showed a decrease in seeds’ moisture content during storage. Arabica coffee seeds were able to maintain their viability after six months of storage and Robusta coffee seeds after three months. Fresh coffee seeds showed the best seedling growth performance and seedling quality index. Arabica coffee USDA 762 stored for six months was able to produce seedlings with high plant performance, root length, stem diameter, and number of leaves similar to that of seedlings generated from fresh seed. Robusta coffee seedlings sown from fresh seeds had better quality compared to those from stored ones.

EVALUATION OF COOLING AGENT DEPENDENCY AND AVERAGE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF APPLES AND APRICOTS INTENDED FOR EXPORT

The quality and shelf life of apples and apricots intended for export depend on effective storage methods and their physical properties. This study focuses on the storage and quality preservation of export-bound apples and apricots. During the research, the physical properties of the fruits, such as mass, volume, density, water content, pH levels, and thermal conductivity, were analyzed. It was determined that factors like water content, pH levels, and thermal conductivity are critical indicators defining the shelf life and export suitability of the fruits.

Rapid mechano-chemical ball-milling synthesis of novel low-cost petroleum pitch based porous organic polymers for ammonia adsorption

Ammonia (NH3) inevitably experiences emission and leakage during its production, transition and application. Therefore, the development of effective NH3 adsorption and storage methods has become an important issue of concern. Porous organic polymers (POPs) with low density and high porosity structure are expected to be used for the capture of NH3. In this work, a series of POPs (PP-BM-1, PP-BM-2 and PP-BM-3) were developed by using a cheap petrochemical by-product petroleum pitch (PP) as raw material and three different crosslinking agents through fast and high-efficient ball-milling synthetic strategy (reaction time: 2 h). The resulting polymers exhibited stable skeleton, high BET surface area (580–867 m2 g−1) and abundant micro-pores, which were beneficial for the adsorption of NH3. The characterization results of NH3 adsorption indicated that the adsorption capacities of resulting polymers could up to 14.97 and 12.86 mmol g−1 at 273 K and 298 K, respectively. The POPs also showed good recyclability, with only a slight decrease in NH3 capacity after 5 adsorption/desorption cycles. Overall, this study could provide a new approach for the design and synthetic strategy of NH3 adsorption materials, which with a promising prospect for large-scale production and widespread application.

Determination of the influence of hemp oil-based emulsion systems composition on the oxidation products content during storage

The object of the study is the content of antioxidants and the induction period of accelerated oxidation under simulated conditions of the lipid component of the emulsion system. The way to solve the problem of developing compositions of oxidation-stable emulsion systems based on nutritionally valuable oils, in particular hemp oil, by adding natural physiologically active antioxidants is considered. The research is relevant in the context of finding effective storage methods and extending the shelf life of products using hemp oil. The feature of the work lies in determining the influence of the composition of emulsion systems based on hemp oil on chemical oxidation during storage. The content of stabilizers in the hemp oil emulsion system (lecithin – 0.8...1.0 %; xanthan gum – 0.0...0.1 %) is proposed, which is effective in the inhibition of oxidative spoilage. The content range of β-carotene (0.012 %) in model emulsion systems is outlined, the addition of which increases the induction period of accelerated lipid oxidation by 1.58...2.08 times. The peroxide value of the lipid component of the emulsion system during storage at different temperature conditions (0...15 °C) and during different storage periods (15...60 days) was studied. The results of the study confirm the significant influence of the composition of emulsion systems on the chemical oxidation of the lipid component, which is important for ensuring the quality and stability of food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. An applied aspect of the obtained scientific result is the possibility of modeling the composition of emulsion systems based on valuable hemp oil depending on the ratio of polyfunctional antioxidants of the oil component

Effects of cysteine on goat sperm quality in cryopreservation

Cryopreservation is an effective method for long-term storage of sperm. It is essential to investigate the optimal conditions for preserving semen for the purpose of artificial insemination. Cysteine has been proven to reduce the extent of sperm damage caused by oxidative stress during cryopreservation. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of cysteine required for cryopreservation of goat semen. The experiment was carried out on 2 bucks with 4 treatments, each treatment repeated 8 times. Goat semen was diluted with cryopreservation medium supplemented with cysteine at 4 concentrations: 0 mM, 2 mM, 5 mM, and 10 mM. The sample was transferred to a straw at 0.5 mL, then stored in a liquid nitrogen container. The samples were then thawed, and the sperm quality was evaluated after 72 hours of storage. The results showed that the treatment with 5 mM cysteine showed the best sperm quality results, and the difference was statistically significant with the rest of the treatments (P < 0.05). Specifically, the overall motility, viability, and membrane integrity of spermatozoa in the most optimal treatment were: 82.21%, 90.71%, and 76.09%, respectively. In summary, the study showed that adding a 5 mM concentration of cysteine to the cryopreservation medium significantly enhanced sperm quality

Effective Wine Storage Methods in the Restaurant Industry Establishments

Topicality. Consumer preferences of guests, which are constantly changing, require new methods of serving and storing uncorked wine bottles in the restaurant industry establishments. For those ones, who focus on wine, providing an expanded wine list has a positive effect on the guests’ satisfaction, and enhances the enterprise’s reputation. Optimising the processes of storing open wine bottles in restaurants can help to avoid outcome. Since the industry of the restaurant business is constantly developing, new technical means for storing wine can play a key role in improving the serving processes. The usage of modern methods in storing open wine bottles can improve the quality of service for guests, giving them opportunities to enjoy expensive and exclusive wine sorts due to maintaining its quality. The aim of the article is to study ways of storing uncorked wine bottles in order to improve the quality and exіpand wine range in the restaurant business. Research methods. In this article, a set of methods is used to study certain issues, namely: experimental, outcome and income analysis, statistical data analysis. Results. The ways of storing open wine bottles are analysed, and it is established that effective methods of wine storage are presented on the modern world market with the help of: cork-blockers, vacuum sealers, and the Coravin device. A comprehensive quality indicator is calculated, as well as quality profiles of methods for storing open wine bottles are formed. Conclusions and discussion. The efficiency calculation of using the methods of storing open wine bottles shows that the Coravin device is the most efficient. Thus, conducted studies show that Coravin is able to extend the shelf life of the uncorked wine bottle by 27 days. The analysis of the comprehensive quality index and modeling of the quality profile prove that Coravin is the most effective way of storing open wine bottles in the restaurant industry establishments, as the comprehensive index is 5.17, which is 2.3 times more than the control itself.

Mechanistic study on the promotion of Ca2+ leaching in steel slag through high-temperature solid waste modification.

Indirect carbonation of steel slag is an effective method for CO2 storage, reducing emissions, and promoting cleaner production in the steel industry. However, challenges remain, such as low Ca2+ leaching rates and slag management complexities arising from variations in mineral compositions. To address this, a high-temperature modification process is proposed to alter the mineral composition and facilitate the synergistic utilization of calcium and iron. This study delves into the effects of various solid waste modifications on the leaching of Ca2+ and the total iron content within steel slag. Results show that high-basicity modified slag forms Ca2(Al, Fe)2O5, reducing calcium leaching. Low-alkalinity modified slag produces calcium-rich aluminum minerals and also reduces the leaching of Ca2+ ions. At a basicity of 2.5, coal gangue, fly ash, and blast slag achieve maximum Ca2+ leaching rates of 88.93%, 89.46%, and 90.17%, respectively, with corresponding total iron contents of 41.46%, 37.72%, and 35.29%. Upgraded coal gangue exhibits a 50.02% increase in calcium leaching and a 15.58% increase in total iron content compared to the original slag. This enhances CO2 fixation and iron resource utilization. Overall, the proposed indirect carbonation and iron enrichment modification offer a novel approach for the resource utilization and environmental stability of steel slag.

Progress in research on mRNA therapeutics for the treatment of genetic diseases

In recent years, mRNA drugs have shown a great potential for the treatment of genetic diseases and attracted the attention of many researchers. This article has reviewed the advance in the research of mRNA drugs for the treatment of genetic diseases over the past 30 years, including their mechanisms of action and structure design, with a focus on their advantages as alternative therapies such as high specificity, low dosage, and sustained expression. Meanwhile, challenges for the effective delivery and storage methods for the mRNA drugs are discussed, with an aim to provide guidance for subsequent researches.

Experimental and numerical investigation of methane combustion in a HCCI engine under enriched oxygen conditions

The challenge in the energy transition lies in the intermittent nature of renewable energy, requiring the development of effective storage methods. E-fuels are considered a promising solution, with potential applications to Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engines known for their high thermal efficiency and low nitrogen oxide emissions. However, HCCI engines face limitations such as low power density and a narrow operating range. To overcome these issues, oxygen-enriched combustion is proposed, aiming at enhancing the mixture reactivity and expanding the operating range by decreasing the intake temperature. As the potential of the expansion of the operating range has never been investigated, we performed an experimental campaign using a methane-fuelled HCCI engine at variable oxygen fractions in the oxidizer. To further elucidate the effects of oxy-fuel combustion, we also performed a kinetic analysis of the reactions driving the combustion behaviour. It has been experimentally found that increasing the oxygen content in the mixture, up to 90%, has a significant potential to decrease the needed intake temperature (up to 70 °C) of the charge to keep the Maximum Pressure Rise Rate (MPRR) below the safety threshold of 8 bar/CAD. Despite the notable IMEP increase achieved, operating the engine at high oxygen content presents significant technical challenges. Therefore, to make HCCI engines competitive with other combustion modes, it is essential to combine oxygen enrichment with additional power density enhancement techniques. The kinetic analysis has highlighted that the mixture is less sensitive to intake temperature changes at higher oxygen percentages (above 50%) and that the rates of the main reactions involved in methane and OH consumption are highly enhanced by oxygen addition.

Numerical modeling and optimization of thermal insulation for liquid hydrogen storage tanks

Liquid hydrogen storage is one of the effective hydrogen storage methods due to its high density of 70.8 kg/m3 compared to gaseous hydrogen of 0.0838 kg/m3 at atmospheric pressure. Liquid hydrogen requires cryogenic storage technology, which minimizes heat flux by stacking multiple insulation layers in a high vacuum (10−1–10−5 Pa). However, large-scale tanks use a medium vacuum (100–10−1 Pa) to reduce maintenance expenses. Solid insulation is applied to prevent liquefaction of residual gas up to 150 K, followed by the stacking of multilayer insulation (MLI) with a vapor−cooling shield (VCS) to minimize the insulation thickness. In this study, a numerical model was developed to calculate the heat flux of a storage tank based on the physical tank shape. The insulation thickness was also optimized for two insulation systems (solid insulation + MLI and solid insulation + MLI + VCS). Optimal VCS placement on solid insulation, determined through sensitivity analysis, reduces 64.2 % of MLI layers under 5 Pa vacuum pressure. Total insulation thickness reduction of 51.4 % at 1 Pa vacuum pressure was obtained based on a hydrogen storage tank volume of 4200 m3. The effects of insulation thickness reduction are remained even when the vacuum pressure is increased to 5 Pa.

Unveiling complexity of hydrogen integration: A multi-faceted exploration of challenges in the Dutch context

As the transition to sustainable energy intensifies, hydrogen emerges as a pivotal medium in mitigating climate change and improving energy security. While its applicability across various sectors is undeniable, its integration into established energy systems presents multifaceted challenges. This study investigates the complexities of integrating hydrogen into the Netherlands' energy systems. Beyond technological advancements, the successful design and rollout of a hydrogen supply chain require coordination and collaboration among a myriad of stakeholders. Through a mixed-methods approach, this study combines findings from a broad literature review, policy document analyses, evaluation of 59 field projects, and engaging dialogues with 33 key stakeholders from different sectors. This investigation led to the identification and categorization of key players in the Dutch hydrogen sector, revealing their interconnected roles and the challenges encountered in the hydrogen integration process. The study further categorized the identified challenges faced by stakeholders into five core domains: technical, infrastructural (including supply chain), socioeconomic, environmental, and institutional, with associated factors. Prominent challenges include transportation infrastructure upgrades, high initial costs and scalability, effective storage methods, safety and cybersecurity measures, storage and distribution infrastructure, security of supply, and public acceptance. This study contributes to the hydrogen integration discourse, offering insights for academics, industry, and policymakers. Its detailed stakeholder analysis, holistic categorization of challenges across five domains, and a stakeholder-centric approach grounded in real-world dialogues offer applicable frameworks beyond its primary context. In this vein, it guides future research and decisions, and its approach is adaptable for different regions or sectors, emphasizing comprehensive transition strategies.

Melatonin enhances the synthesis of volatile esters and lactones in apricot during low temperature storage

Low temperature storage often leads to chilling injury in apricots, causing a loss of aroma and a decrease in its commodity value. In this study, melatonin (MT, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mmol L−1) dipping treatment was used to improve the aroma quality of apricot (‘Jintaiyang’ and ‘Pingdingxiang’) at low temperature (4 °C). Results demonstrated that the application of 0.2 mmol L−1 MT treatment effectively maintained firmness and soluble solids content (SSC), and inhibit the ethylene production and respiration rate of apricots. Additional observations revealed that MT was capable of inhibiting the activities of LOX (lipoxygenase), HPL (hydroperoxidelyase), and ADH (alcohol dehydrogenase) enzymes, thereby reducing the levels of alcohols and aldehydes in apricots. Conversely, MT upregulated the activities of LOX, HPL, ADH, ACX (acyl-CoA oxidase) and AAT (alcohol acyltransfera) enzymes, promoting the biosynthesis of lactones and esters in apricots. Thus, melatonin might be an effective method for low temperature storage of apricot by promoting the recovery of aroma substances.

Development of lycopene-based whole-cell biosensors for the visual detection of trace explosives and heavy metals

Residual explosives in conflicting zones have caused irreversible damage to human safety and the environment. Whole-cell biosensors can to detect remnants of buried explosives, such as 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), a stable and highly volatile compound in explosives. However, all the reported whole-cell biosensors utilize fluorescence or luminescence as the biological markers, making their detection difficult in real minefields. Here, we presented a lycopene-based whole-cell biosensor in Escherichia coli to output visible signals in response to DNT, which can help in the visual detection of buried explosives. To construct the whole-cell biosensor, the DNT-responsive promoter yqjF was used as the sensing element, and the lycopene synthetic gene cassette crtEBI was served as the reporting element. Then, the metabolic flux for lycopene production was enhanced to improve the output signal of the whole-cell biosensor, and a terminator was utilized to reduce the background interference. The optimized biosensor LSZ05 could perceive at least 1 mg/L DNT. The DNT-specificity and robust performance of the biosensor under different environmental factors were confirmed. Our results showed that converting the biosensor into a lyophilized powder was an effective storage method. The biosensor LSZ05 could effectively detect DNT in two kinds of soil samples. The lycopene-based whole-cell biosensor could also be used to visually detect heavy metals. Our findings laid the foundation for visually detecting buried explosives in minefields, which was a valuable supplement to the reported biosensors. The methods used for optimizing the lycopene-based whole-cell biosensor, including the improvement of the output signal and reduction of background interference, were quite effective.

Development of nano-enhanced phase change material from different biomasses for energy application

A particularly effective and efficient method for thermal energy storage is the use of phase change materials (PCMs), which have a high latent heat storage capacity at low-temperature intervals. Nonetheless, the actual uses of PCMs are constrained poor heat conductivity. As a result, there is an urgent demand for form-stable phase change materials with excellent heat conductivity. This research is carried out for developing nano-enhanced PCM materials from different biomasses such as microalgae, corn cob, and pea shell. Different physico-chemical properties and characterization of nano-PCM materials such as proximate and ultimate analysis, BET surface areas, FTIR spectra, XRD spectra, Raman Spectra, and TGA profile were performed in this work. Thermal conductivity and heat flux were calculated based on Pool boiling experiments on developed nano-PCM materials. The Fixed carbon was found to be 16.6 wt%, 17.5 wt%, and 19.6 wt% for PCM-P, PCMC, and PCK-M respectively. The Ash content was found to be 9.8 wt%, 7.2 wt%, and 5.7 wt% for PCMP, PCMC, and PCK-M respectively. BET surface area was found to be 94.7 m2/g, 120.3 m2/g, and 146.4 m2/g, for PCMP, PCMC, and PCM-M, respectively. The thermal conductivity of PCMP, PCMC, and PCM-M were found to be 0.32 W/mK, 0.36 W/mK, and 0.41 W/mK, respectively. The results show that PCM-M has highest thermal conductivity and highest critical heat flux among all three PCMs which makes it more suitable for thermal energy storage. The XRD pattern shows the maximum crystal behavior in PCM-M and PCM-P.

In Situ Formation of CoP/Co3 O4 Heterojunction for Efficient Overall Water Splitting.

Electrochemical water splitting is an environmentally friendly and effective energy storage method. However, it is still a huge challenge to prepare non-noble metal based electrocatalysts that possess high activity and long-term durability to realize efficient water splitting. Here, we present a novel method of low-temperature phosphating for preparing CoP/Co3 O4 heterojunction nanowires catalyst on titanium mesh (TM) substrate that can be used for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and overall water splitting. CoP/Co3 O4 @TM heterojunction showed an excellent catalytic performance and long-term durability in 1.0 M KOH electrolyte. The overpotential of CoP/Co3 O4 @TM heterojunction was only 257 mV at 20 mA cm-2 during the OER process, and it could work stably more than 40 h at 1.52 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE). During the HER process, the overpotential of CoP/Co3 O4 @TM heterojunction was only 98 mV at -10 mA cm-2 . More importantly, when used as anodic and cathodic electrocatalyst, they achieved 10 mA cm-2 at 1.59 V. The Faradaic efficiencies of OER and HER were 98.4 % and 99.4 %, respectively, outperforming Ru/Ir-based noble metal electrocatalysts and other non-noble metal electrocatalysts for overall water splitting.

Fast Mg-based hydrogen storage with flow-through hydrogen as a cooling medium: A numerical study

The formation of magnesium hydrides through the chemical reaction between magnesium and hydrogen gas is considered one of the most effective hydrogen storage methods. During this reaction process, thermal management is crucial to maintain the reaction active because of the large amount of heat generated, but has been challenging due to the poor heat transfer in the powder bed. In this study, a novel reactor of tooth-shaped configuration is designed for Mg-based hydrogen gas storage, where the hydrogen is not only the stored gas but also serves as the cooling medium in direct contact with the Mg powders. The hydrogen gas in the reactor can flow uniformly through the interior of the Mg plate of compacted powders at a relatively high rate. The proposed direct contact cooling reactor with tooth-shaped configuration is studied numerically in comparison with another direct contact cooling reactor with parallel sheet configuration as well as the traditional reactor with a second cooling medium. The required reaction time for storage for the tooth-shaped configuration is 40% and 78% lower compared with that of the parallel sheet configuration and the traditional reactor, respectively. The reaction rate increases with higher flow rate of hydrogen gas, although at the cost of higher pumping power. When the hydrogen storage rate and the storage density of the total system are the main considerations, the tooth-shaped configuration with flow-through hydrogen demonstrates clear advantages over the other two reactors.

Investigations on CO2 migration and flow characteristics in sandstone during geological storage based on laboratory injection experiment and CFD simulation

CO2 geological storage in tight sandstone reservoirs is an effective method of CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). CO2 migration and flow characteristics in sandstone during geological storage affect the physical and mechanical properties of rocks significantly. In this study, laboratory injection experiments combined with X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation have been conducted to investigate the effect of geological and engineering parameters on CO2 migration and flow characteristics. The results show that: (1) The injection rate and injection pressure affect the Sc-CO2 migration path. Moreover, the fluid velocity and fluid pressure affect the pressure distribution in pores significantly. Limiting the injection rate and pressure during the CO2 geological storage is beneficial for the stability of the storage. (2) The pressure distribution of the fluid changes with orders of magnitude depending on the injection pressure. However, the overall transient relative pressure is almost consistent and the fluid pressure in the bending section of the bending pores exhibits a linearly decreasing trend. (3) SEM tests provide a connection between laboratory experiments and CFD simulation on microscopic scale. The injection pressure and the acoustic emission (AE) energy have a positive correlation to a certain extent. The Sc-CO2 migration path could be forecasted preliminarily through the fluctuation of the injection pressure-time curves and AE response. The results enrich the theory of CO2 migration and flow characteristics during CO2 geological storage.

Multiparameter encrypted orbital angular momentum multiplexed holography based on multiramp helicoconical beams

Optical orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexed holography has been implemented as an effective method for information encryption and storage. Multiramp helicoconical-OAM multiplexed holography is proposed and experimentally implemented. The mode selectivity of the multiramp mixed screw-edge dislocations, constant parameter K, and normalized factor are investigated, respectively, which demonstrates that those parameters can be used as additional coding degrees of freedom for holographic multiplexing. The combination of the topological charge and the other three parameters can provide a four-dimensional multiplexed holography and can enhance information capacity.

Platelet-rich plasma: lyophilization as an alternative for conservation and transport

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been used in equine reproduction to improve pregnancy rates due to its immune-modulating effect. Platelet granules contain numerous proteins, such as growth factors, cytokines, and antimicrobial peptides. However, the shelf life of platelets is 5 days and used at a temperature above 20°C, where there is the concern of bacterial contamination. Also, preparation is a time-consuming procedure. Therefore, studies to find an effective method of PRP storage would be of great benefit, saving costs, and could also guarantee a faster and more effective treatment. This work compared the platelet levels between fresh and lyophilized PRP. Peripheral blood from 8 healthy equine males with a mean age of 4±2years was collected in 4.5-mL vacutainer tubes containing 3.2% sodium citrate. The PRP preparation was performed by double centrifugation in vacutainer tubes. Blood was homogenized and centrifuged at 120g for 10 minutes. After the first centrifugation, the upper 30% of the plasma was discarded. The remaining plasma (70%) was submitted to another centrifugation at 240g for 10 minutes. After the second centrifugation, 30% of plasma at the bottom of each tube was considered PRP. Platelet count was carried out with an automated hematology analyzer (HematoClin 2.6VET - Bioclin IL, USA). The lyophilization process was carried out at the Research Support Center of the Federal RuralUniversity of Pernambuco. Before being lyophilized, samples were frozen at -80°C for 24 h and then processed in an Alpha 1-4 LD Plus Christ apparatus, a drying chamber temperature of -27°C and vacuum of 0.52 mbar, for 24 hours. The lyophilized PRP obtained was stored in well-sealed microtubes and kept frozen at -4°C for further analysis. The results were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine the effects of lyophilization on the platelet concentrations. Significance was declared at P<0.05. The median platelet count in the fresh PRP was 108±35.2 × 103/uL. The platelet count after lyophilization was 46.6% lower (p<0.05) when compared with the initial count (56±17.7 × 103/uL). Although there was a significant reduction in platelet concentration after lyophilization, 53.4% of platelets were viable after the process. Our study showed the viability of lyophilizing PRP using a standard and easy system. Despite several published studies on PRP standardization, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first work on equine PRP lyophilization. In addition, lyophilized PRP appears to be a possible alternative to fresh PRP; with minor variability, a large-scale production with increased shelf life could be achieved following a single production process. Further studies are needed, mainly on growth factors after lyophilization and the use of PRP in vivo.

Key Problems and Countermeasures in CO2 Flooding and Storage

AbstractBased on literature research in combination with the practice of CO2 flooding and storage in Jilin Oilfield, this study assesses the key problems in CO2 flooding and storage, proposing the corresponding countermeasures from five aspects of CO2 gas source condition, namely geological condition evaluation, scheme design incoordination with other production methods, economic and effectiveness evaluation, together with dynamic monitoring and safety evaluation. The results show that CO2 flooding is the most economic and effective CO2 storage method. In eastern China, inorganic origin CO2 gas reservoirs are widely developed and are especially the most enriched in the Paleozoic carbonate rock strata and the Cenozoic Paleogene–Neogene system, which provide a rich resource base for CO2 flooding and storage. In the future, CO2 generated in the industrial field will become the main gas source of CO2 flooding and storage. The evaluation of geological conditions of oil and gas reservoirs is the basis for the potential evaluation, planning scheme design and implementation of CO2 flooding and storage. CO2 storage should be below the depth of 800 m, the CO2 flooding and storage effects in low‐permeability oil reservoirs being the best. CO2 geological storage mechanisms primarily consist of tectonic geological storage, bound gas storage, dissolution storage, mineralization storage, hydrodynamic storage and coalbed adsorption storage. The practice of CO2 flooding and storage in Jilin Oilfield demonstratesthat the oil increment by CO2 flooding is at least 24% higher than by conventional water flooding. The most critical factor determining the success or failure of CO2 flooding and storage is economic effectiveness, which needs to be explored from two aspects: the method and technology innovation along with the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality policy support. After CO2 is injected into the reservoir, it will react with the reservoir and fluid, the problem of CO2 recovery or overflow will occur, so the dynamic monitoring and safety evaluation of CO2 flooding and storage are very important. This study is of great significance to the expansion of the application scope of CO2 flooding and storage and future scientific planning and deployment.