Effectiveness Of Specific Interventions Research Articles

Implementation of A Collaborate Learning Model Stad-Pjbl with Diorama Media to Improve Student Learning Outcomes on Eclipse Topics

During the implementation of the sixth grade science learning process at SDN 01 Karyomukti, it showed that the majority of students had low learning outcomes. This is due to lack of motivation among students, lack of enthusiasm, lack of enthusiasm and tend to be inactive. Low response to feedback from students to questions and teacher explanations and poor concentration of thinking. To solve problems in order to improve student learning outcomes and student collaboration is to apply the STAD-PjBL collaborative learning model assisted by diorama media which can involve the active role of students. This research employed an experimental methodology designed to examine the effects of specific treatments under controlled conditions. The research utilized a non-equivalent control group design. Both the control and experimental groups underwent a pretest. Different treatments were applied to each group, followed by a posttest to evaluate outcomes. The subjects comprised 16 sixth-grade students from SDN 01 Karyomukti (experimental group) and 13 sixth-grade students from SDN 02 Karyomukti (control group). The pretest and posttest results revealed a significant improvement in the experimental group, with an average increase of 75% using the STAD-PjBL collaborative model assisted by diorama media. Consequently, it can be concluded that the STAD-PjBL collaborative model assisted by diorama media is effective in enhancing the learning outcomes for eclipse topics in the sixth grade at SDN 01 Karyomukti.

The long-term effect of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor on cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescent patients with cystic fibrosis: a pilot observational study

BackgroundPhysical activity is a crucial demand on cystic fibrosis treatment management. The highest value of oxygen uptake (VO2peak) is an appropriate tool to evaluate the physical activity in these patients. However, there are several other valuable CPET parameters describing exercise tolerance (Wpeak, VO2VT1, VO2VT2, VO2/HRpeak, etc.), and helping to better understand the effect of specific treatment (VE, VT, VD/VT etc.). Limited data showed ambiguous results of this improvement after CFTR modulator treatment. Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor medication improves pulmonary function and quality of life, whereas its effect on CPET has yet to be sufficiently demonstrated.MethodsWe performed a single group prospective observational study of 10 adolescent patients with cystic fibrosis who completed two CPET measurements between January 2019 and February 2023. During this period, elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor treatment was initiated in all of them. The first CPET at the baseline was followed by controlled CPET at least one year after medication commencement. We focused on interpreting the data on their influence by the novel therapy. We hypothesized improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness following treatment. We applied the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The data were adjusted for age at the time of CPET to eliminate bias of aging in adolescent patients.ResultsWe observed significant improvement in peak workload, VO2 peak, VO2VT1, VO2VT2, VE/VCO2 slope, VE, VT, RQ, VO2/HR peak and RR peak. The mean change in VO2 peak was 5.7 mL/kg/min, or 15.9% of the reference value (SD ± 16.6; p= 0.014). VO2VT1 improved by 15% of the reference value (SD ± 0.1; p= 0.014), VO2VT2 improved by 0.5 (SD ± 0.4; p= 0.01). There were no differences in other parameters.ConclusionExercise tolerance improved after elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor treatment initiation. We suggest that the CFTR modulator alone is not enough for recovering physical decondition, but should be supplemented with physical activity and respiratory physiotherapy. Further studies are needed to examine the effect of CFTR modulators and physical therapy on cardiopulmonary exercise tolerance.

Health complaints before and at one and five years after removal of dental amalgam restorations - data from a prospective cohort study in Norway.

Health complaints attributed to dental amalgam fillings comprise both intraoral and general health complaints. There are data suggesting that patients with medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) attributed to amalgam fillings show improvement in symptoms after removal of all amalgam fillings. However, data indicating changes of specific health complaints are limited. This study evaluated the changes of health complaints after removal of amalgam restorations in patients with health complaints attributed to dental amalgam fillings. Patients with MUPS attributed to dental amalgam (Amalgam cohort) had all their amalgam fillings removed. The participants indicated an intensity of 11 local and 12 general health complaints on numeric rating scales before the treatment and at follow-up after 1 and 5 years. The comparison groups comprising a group of healthy individuals and a group of patients with MUPS without symptom attribution to dental amalgam did not have their amalgam restorations removed. In the Amalgam cohort, mean symptom intensity was lower for all 23 health complaints at follow-up at 1 year compared to baseline. Statistically significant changes were observed for specific health complaints with effect sizes between 0.36 and 0.68. At the 5-year follow-up, the intensity of symptoms remained consistently lower compared to before the amalgam removal. In the comparison groups, no significant changes of intensity of symptoms of health complaints were observed. After removal of all amalgam restorations, both local and general health complaints were reduced. Since blinding of the treatment was not possible, specific and non-specific treatment effects cannot be separated.

Five years of advances in electrochemical analysis of protein biomarkers in lung cancer: a systematic review.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women. It represents a public health problem that must be addressed through the early detection of specific biomarkers and effective treatment. To address this critical issue, it is imperative to implement effective methodologies for specific biomarker detection of lung cancer in real clinical samples. Electrochemical methods, including microfluidic devices and biosensors, can obtain robust results that reduce time, cost, and assay complexity. This comprehensive review will explore specific studies, methodologies, and detection limits and contribute to the depth of the discussion, making it a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians interested in lung cancer diagnosis.

Prevalence and contributing factors of neck and low back pain among university students during examination periods: A survey based study at Jazan University

ABSTRACT Background: Neck and low back pain (LBP) are frequently experienced by university students during examination periods due to prolonged sitting, impaired posture, and increased stress. The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence and contributing factors for neck and LBP among students at Jazan University during their examinations. Methodology: A survey-based study was conducted on 100 students aged 19–24 years from various academic disciplines. An electronic questionnaire distributed through social media collected data on personal demographics, study habits, pain occurrence, and frequency, intensity, and pain management practices. Results: Descriptive statistics summarized the data; results show that female students suffer from neck and LBP more frequently and intensely than male students. The study found that the use of electronic devices, lack of physical activity, poor knowledge of posture, and stress were all significantly related to the prevalence of pain. Conclusions: Multifactorial causes of neck and LBP during examination periods require comprehensive strategies involving ergonomic education, stress management, and promoting physical activity among students. Future research should explore longitudinal outcomes and the effectiveness of specific interventions across diverse academic settings.

A Comprehensive Update of Anti-COVID-19 Activity of Heterocyclic Compounds.

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is one of the most considerable health problems across the world. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the major causative agent of COVID-19. The severe symptoms of this deadly disease include shortness of breath, fever, cough, loss of smell, and a broad spectrum of other health issues such as diarrhea, pneumonia, bronchitis, septic shock, and multiple organ failure. Currently, there are no medications available for coronavirus patients, except symptom-relieving drugs. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 requires the development of effective drugs and specific treatments. Heterocycles are important constituents of more than 85% of the physiologically active pharmaceutical drugs on the market now. Several FDA-approved drugs have been reported including molnupiravir, remdesivir, ritonavir, oseltamivir, favipiravir, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine for the cure of COVID-19. In this study, we discuss potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 heterocyclic compounds that have been synthesized over the past few years. These compounds included; indole, piperidine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyrrole, piperazine, quinazoline, oxazole, quinoline, isoxazole, thiazole, quinoxaline, pyrazole, azafluorene, imidazole, thiadiazole, triazole, coumarin, chromene, and benzodioxole. Both in vitro and in silico studies were performed to determine the potential of these heterocyclic compounds in the fight against various SARS-CoV-2 proteins.

Secondary recurrent syphilis in a patient with HIV infection. Clinical case

Relevance. HIV infection is a chronic sexually transmitted infectious disease. Given the single route of transmission, quite often HIV-infected patients develop a syphilitic infection. At the same time, syphilis against the background of HIV infection has its own clinical characteristics. It is important for doctors of various specialties to know these features.Description of the case. A clinical case of secondary syphilis and early neurosyphilis in a 52-year-old patient with HIV infection is presented.Discussion. Patients with HIV infection are characterized by unusual clinical manifestations of syphilis in the form of its malignity, atypical, severe course with the development of various complications. In the article, the authors describe atypical manifestations of papular syphilide of the palms and soles. The effectiveness of specific treatment has been shown.Conclusions. Doctors’ knowledge of the clinical features of syphilis against the background of HIV infection will allow them to avoid diagnostic errors leading to late treatment and the development of complications.

Which Portion of Physiotherapy Treatments' Effect Is Not Attributable to the Specific Effects in People With Musculoskeletal Pain? A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to quantify the proportion not attributable to the specific effects (PCE) of physical therapy interventions for musculoskeletal pain. DESIGN: Intervention systematic review with meta-analysis. LITERATURE SEARCH: We searched Ovid, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, PEDro, Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry, and SPORTDiscus databases from inception to April 2023. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized placebo-controlled trials evaluating the effect of physical therapy interventions on musculoskeletal pain. DATA SYNTHESIS: Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). The proportion of physical therapy interventions effect that was not explained by the specific effect of the intervention was calculated, using the proportion not attributable to the specific effects (PCE) metric, and a quantitative summary of the data from the studies was conducted using the random-effects inverse-variance model (Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method). RESULTS: Sixty-eight studies were included in the systematic review (participants: n = 5238), and 54 placebo-controlled trials informed our meta-analysis (participants: n = 3793). Physical therapy interventions included soft tissue techniques, mobilization, manipulation, taping, exercise therapy, and dry needling. Placebo interventions included manual, nonmanual interventions, or both. The proportion not attributable to the specific effects of mobilization accounted for 88% of the immediate overall treatment effect for pain intensity (PCE = 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.57, 1.20). In exercise therapy, this proportion accounted for 46% of the overall treatment effect for pain intensity (PCE = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.52). The PCE in manipulation excelled in short-term pain relief (PCE = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.62, 1.01) and in mobilization in long-term effects (PCE = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.76, 0.96). In taping, the PCE accounted for 64% of disability improvement (PCE = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.80). CONCLUSION: The outcomes of physical therapy interventions for musculoskeletal pain were significantly influenced by factors not attributable to the specific effects of the interventions. Boosting these factors consciously to enhance therapeutic outcomes represents an ethical opportunity that could benefit patients. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2024;54(6):391-399. Epub 11 April 2024. doi:10.2519/jospt.2024.12126.

Screening of leaf extraction and storage conditions for eco-metabolomics studies.

Mass spectrometry-based plant metabolomics is frequently used to identify novel natural products or study the effect of specific treatments on a plant's metabolism. Reliable sample handling is required to avoid artifacts, which is why most protocols mandate shock freezing of plant tissue in liquid nitrogen and an uninterrupted cooling chain. However, the logistical challenges of this approach make it infeasible for many ecological studies. Especially for research in the tropics, permanent cooling poses a challenge, which is why many of those studies use dried leaf tissue instead. We screened a total of 10 extraction and storage approaches for plant metabolites extracted from maize leaf tissue across two cropping seasons to develop a methodology for agroecological studies in logistically challenging tropical locations. All methods were evaluated based on changes in the metabolite profile across a 2-month storage period at different temperatures with the goal of reproducing the metabolite profile of the living plant as closely as possible. We show that our newly developed on-site liquid-liquid extraction protocol provides a good compromise between sample replicability, extraction efficiency, material logistics, and metabolite profile stability. We further discuss alternative methods which showed promising results and feasibility of on-site sample handling for field studies.

Effect of local loading on microstructure and enhanced mechanical property of large complex castings prepared by Al–Si–Fe–Mn–Mg–Cu alloy during squeeze casting

Flywheel shells with a complex structure and large wall-thickness difference, as key components in heavy trucks, serve to connect the engine and transmission. Formability and mechanical performance control of such components should be taken into consideration. In this work, an Al–Si–Fe–Mn–Mg–Cu alloy was used to manufacture the flywheel shell via squeeze casting. The role of local loading on microstructure and mechanical property at thick-walled positions was investigated. Furthermore, the effect of the squeeze casting specific pressure and heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical property of the Al–Si–Fe–Mn–Mg–Cu alloy flywheel shells was also analyzed. The results showed that at the thick-walled positions, local loading not only helped eliminate the solidification defects, but also refined the microstructure including α-Al grains and secondary dendrite arm spacing. With increasing the squeeze casting specific pressure from 24 MPa to 32 MPa, microstructure refinement and mechanical property enhancement of squeeze casting flywheel shells were obtained. After T6 heat treatment, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of flywheel shells were further increased to 261.8 and 318.4 MPa, respectively, owing to the formation of spherical eutectic Si phases and nano-sized β'', Q and S precipitates.

The Effect of Arthroscopic Microfracture in the Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis Combined with Cartilage Damage

Objective: To observe the specific effect of arthroscopic microfracture treatment on patients with ankle osteoarthritis and cartilage damage. Methods: 60 patients with ankle osteoarthritis combined with cartilage damage treated in our hospital from January 2022 to December 2022 were selected and divided into the control group and the experimental group using the random number table method, each with 30 cases. Subjects in the experimental group were treated with arthroscopic microfracture, while subjects in the control group were treated with conventional surgery. Results: After the intervention, the total treatment effectiveness of the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05); the inflammatory factor levels in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05); the pain scores of the experimental group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05); the quality of life in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: During the treatment process of the experimental group, patients with ankle osteoarthritis combined with cartilage damage were given arthroscopic microfracture therapeutic intervention, and the post-treatment effect was relatively good. After treatment and intervention, the patients’ symptoms were significantly relieved, the inflammatory reaction was improved, the pain was reduced, and the quality of life was enhanced.

자기자비 글쓰기가 학업지연 대학생의 자기조절에 미치는 영향

Objectives The purpose of this study was to find out the way to effectively intervene plan to improve the behavior of academic procrastination among college students by examining how self-compassion writing affects the self-regulation of college students with tendency academic procrastination.
 Methods It was intended to conduct an experiment on 48 college students based in gyeongnam by dividing them into self-compassion writing, expressive writing, and distractive writing groups to confirm the effect of treatment on emotional changes and self-regulation.
 Results When college students checked the emotional changes they experienced immediately after recalling the academic procrastination situation and after performing writing treatment in terms of pleasure, arousal, and dominance, there was no significant difference in pleasure and dominance between the writing groups, but the self-compassion writing group was significantly higher in arousal. There was no significant difference between groups in the MSLQ(Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire) score after each writing treatment. On the other hand, it was found that the duration of the task to confirm the effect of self-regulated treatment was significantly longer in the self-compassion writing treatment group than in the other two groups.
 Conclusions After treatment, expressive writing, distraction writing, and self-compassion writing all temporarily increased positive emotions, and self-compassion therapy seems to help them recognize their emotions more clearly by increasing their arousal compared to other writing methods. In addition, self-compassion writing had a positive effect on significantly increasing the level of self-regulation performance compared to other writing. These results confirmed the specific intervention effect of self-compassion writing in academic procrastination behavior.

A cross-sectional study determining prevalence and factors associated with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in Iran: results from fasa registry on acute myocardial infarction (FaRMI)

BackgroundAcute myocardial infarction is still a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for roughly three million deaths yearly. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Iran.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted using the databases of the Fasa Registry on Acute Myocardial Infarction (FaRMI) and the Fasa Adult Cohort Study (FACS). chi-squared and one-way ANOVA tests were utilized to calculate the unadjusted associations between the study variables. A multivariate multinomial logistic regression model was also employed to determine the adjusted association of each independent variable with the risk of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).ResultsThe prevalence of STEMI and non-STEMI was 31.60% and 11.80%, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression showed that older age, anemia, high WBC, and high creatinine levels were associated with higher odds of STEMI and non-STEMI compared to healthy individuals. In addition, based on the analysis being a woman(OR = 0.63,95%CI:0.51–0.78), anemia(OR = 0.67,95%CI:0.54–0.63)and hypertension (OR = 0.80,95%CI:0.65–0.97)decreased the likelihood of STEMI occurrence compared to non-STEMI, while high WBC(OR = 1.19,95%CI:1.15–1.23)increased the odds.ConclusionIn this study, significant predictors of MI risk included age, gender, anemia, lipid profile, inflammation, and renal function. Subsequent investigations ought to prioritize the comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms that drive these connections and assess the effectiveness of specific interventions aimed at diminishing the occurrence of MI and improving patient outcomes.

Adenosine Deaminase as a Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a serious infectious disease caused by the Dabie bandavirus, with a high mortality rate. Currently, there are no effective vaccines or specific treatments for SFTS. Early diagnosis and accurate severity assessment are crucial. This study included 171 cases of SFTS, COVID-19, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients and healthy controls. We compared the serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity across these groups. The diagnostic and prognostic efficiency of serum ADA for SFTS was evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. We also examined the correlation between serum ADA in SFTS patients and clinical lab parameters as well as serum cytokines. SFTS patients had significantly higher serum ADA activity than those of COVID-19, HBV patients, and healthy controls. Nonsurvivor SFTS patients had notably higher ADA than survivors. ROC analysis indicated ADA as an effective SFTS diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. ADA correlated with prognosis, viral load, APTT, PT, AST, ferritin, negatively with HDL-c and LDL-c, and positively with cytokines like IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Multiorgan failure patients showed significant ADA increase. Elevated serum ADA activity in SFTS patients is linked with disease severity and prognosis, showing potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for SFTS.

Condyloma acuminata - the review of the treatment methods

Introduction and purpose:
 Condyloma acuminata, a benign manifestation of HPV infection, is a common sexually transmitted disease. Condyloma acuminata most commonly affects the anogenital area, but can also occur in the oral cavity. Macroscopically the lesions present as raised, fleshy papules, sometimes flat and broad, pedicled or cauliflower-like. Generally, the lesions are multiple, and as they grow, tend to coalesce into larger ones. Due to the lack of symptoms, condyloma acuminata are often found incidentally during routine medical appointments, e.g. in gynecologist’s offices. Additional symptoms and signs are pain, minor bleeding and pruritus. Patients suffering from condyloma acuminata are often in psychological and psychosexual distress. 
 This work aims to provide a summary of the currently available treatment options based on scientific reports to date.
 A brief description of the state of knowledge:
 Among the factors that increase the risk of the HPV infection are age, lifestyle, promiscuity, smoking, HIV infection, a history of chlamydia or gonorrhea infections. To date, no treatment algorithm has been developed for condyloma acuminata. Two vaccines are on offer as primary prevention, Gardasil and Cervarix. The available treatment options are divided into two main groups: patient-administered and physician administered. Surgical methods have the highest therapeutic efficacy. Condyloma acuminata has a high recurrence rate. Usually, a multi-session combination treatment is needed to reach total remission.
 Summary (conclusions):
 The treatment of condyloma acuminata includes personalized targets due to their diverse clinical picture and the limitations of certain patient groups. The available treatment options do not exhaust the needs of patients suffering from condyloma acuminata. Further research into the effectiveness of specific treatments is advisable.

Supporting People with Social Care Needs On Release from Prison: A Scoping Review

Context: Social care need in prisons is increasing in many countries. However, the delivery of social care in prisons has been (at best) inconsistent and there has been no previous review to inform provision for people on release. Objective: To identify and synthesise what is known about the social care needs of people on release from prison and how best to meet these. Method: A scoping review encompassing systematic searches of 26 electronic databases (January 2010–July 2021) included a wide range of literature. No exclusions were made on the basis of study design, method or quality. Findings were organised according to their contribution to the research questions. Findings: Forty-six documents met the review criteria of which 27 were from the UK. Just two focused specifically on the topic of interest and most of the extracted material was descriptive in nature. Almost no information was found on the number of people released from prison in need of social care. However, the challenges of providing care for this group appeared well understood. Although there were many examples of good practice and widespread consensus about its enablers, outcome information was lacking. Limitations: In keeping with the nature of the review, the quality of the literature was not formally assessed. Implications: The review identified several promising initiatives ranging from prison buddy schemes to pre-release training in everyday living skills and personalised pathway documents. Conclusions: Policy makers and researchers must now shift their attention to the effectiveness of particular interventions in improving social care outcomes.

Additive and Specific Effects of Elicitor Treatments on the Metabolic Profile of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Several elicitors of plant defense have been identified and numerous efforts to use them in the field have been made. Exogenous elicitor treatments mimic the in planta activation of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), which relies on the perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as bacterial flg22 or fungal chitins. Early transcriptional responses to distinct PAMPs are mostly overlapping, regardless of the elicitor being used. However, it remains poorly known if the same patterns are observed for metabolites and proteins produced later during PTI. In addition, little is known about the impact of a combination of elicitors on PTI and the level of induced resistance to pathogens. Here, we monitored Arabidopsis thaliana resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pto DC3000) following application of flg22 and chitosan elicitors, used individually or in combination. A slight, but not statistically significant increase in induced resistance was observed when the elicitors were applied together when compared with individual treatments. We investigated the effect of these treatments on the metabolome by using an untargeted analysis. We found that the combination of flg22 and chitosan impacted a higher number of metabolites and deregulated specific metabolic pathways compared with the elicitors individually. These results contribute to a better understanding of plant responses to elicitors, which might help better rationalize their use in the field. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.

Twenty years of network meta-analysis: Continuing controversies and recent developments.

Network meta-analysis (NMA) is an extension of pairwise meta-analysis (PMA) which combines evidence from trials on multiple treatments in connected networks. NMA delivers internally consistent estimates of relative treatment efficacy, needed for rational decision making. Over its first 20 years NMA's use has grown exponentially, with applications in both health technology assessment (HTA), primarily re-imbursement decisions and clinical guideline development, and clinical research publications. This has been a period of transition in meta-analysis, first from its roots in educational and social psychology, where large heterogeneous datasets could be explored to find effect modifiers, to smaller pairwise meta-analyses in clinical medicine on average with less than six studies. This has been followed by narrowly-focused estimation of the effects of specific treatments at specific doses in specific populations in sparse networks, where direct comparisons are unavailable or informed by only one or two studies. NMA is a powerful and well-established technique but, in spite of the exponential increase in applications, doubts about the reliability and validity of NMA persist. Here we outline the continuing controversies, and review some recent developments. We suggest that heterogeneity should be minimized, as it poses a threat to the reliability of NMA which has not been fully appreciated, perhaps because it has not been seen as a problem in PMA. More research is needed on the extent of heterogeneity and inconsistency in datasets used for decision making, on formal methods for making recommendations based on NMA, and on the further development of multi-level network meta-regression.

Exploring Interrelationships between Mental Health Symptoms and Cognitive Impairment in Aging People Living with HIV in China

Introduction: Mental health symptoms and cognitive impairment are highly prevalent and intertwined among aging people living with HIV (PLWH). This study aimed to assess the interrelationships and strength of connections between individual mental health symptoms and cognitive impairment. We sought to identify specific symptoms linking mental health and cognitive impairment in aging PLWH. Methods: Participants in the Sichuan Older People with HIV Infections Cohort Study (SOHICS) were recruited between November 2018 and April 2021 in China. Mental health symptoms, including depression and anxiety, were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), respectively. Cognitive impairment was assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B). Partial correlation networks were used to depict the interrelationships between mental health symptoms and cognitive impairment, and bridge strength was used to identify specific symptoms linking mental health and cognitive impairment. Results: Of the 1,587 recruited participants with a mean age of 63.0 years old, 47.0% had mild or severe cognitive impairment. Network analysis revealed that cognitive function, visual perception, and problem-solving task of the MoCA-B were negatively correlated with appetite, energy, and motor of the PHQ-9, respectively. Based on their interrelationships, problem-solving task and motor acted as bridge symptoms. Conclusion: Problem-solving task and motor may be potential intervention targets to reduce the overall risk of mental health symptoms and cognitive impairment. Future research could assess the feasibility and effectiveness of specific interventions designed for the two symptoms of aging PLWH.

Exploring Student Adaptation to Emergency Online Learning: Psychological Readiness and Study Environments

This study explores the influence of study environments on the psychological readiness of students during emergency online learning scenarios in a post-pandemic context. Conducted during a festive season at a Malaysian university, the research examines how factors such as quietness, comfort, internet connectivity, and family dynamics shape the ability of 80 diploma students to adapt to the sudden shift to fully online classes. Using a qualitative research design, data were collected through an open-ended survey, and thematic analysis was employed to identify key themes. The findings reveal that conducive study environments, initiated by minimal distractions, comfortable workspaces, reliable internet access, and supportive family interactions, are crucial for enhancing students’ focus and engagement in online learning. The study highlights the need for educational institutions to provide guidelines and resources to help students optimise their study environments. Additionally, it emphasises the importance of fostering family communication strategies to reduce disruptions. These insights offer valuable implications for future emergency learning scenarios, suggesting that targeted interventions could significantly improve student adaptation and academic performance. Future research should further investigate the long-term effects of these environmental factors and the effectiveness of specific interventions in enhancing students’ psychological readiness.