Effective Patient Education Research Articles

Comparative evaluation of ChatGPT-4, ChatGPT-3.5 and Google Gemini on PCOS assessment and management based on recommendations from the 2023 guideline.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly utilized in healthcare, with models like ChatGPT and Google Gemini gaining global popularity. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent condition that requires both lifestyle modifications and medical treatment, highlighting the critical need for effective patient education. This study compares the responses of ChatGPT-4, ChatGPT-3.5 and Gemini to PCOS-related questions using the latest guideline. Evaluating AI's integration into patient education necessitates assessing response quality, reliability, readability and effectiveness in managing PCOS. To evaluate the accuracy, quality, readability and tendency to hallucinate of ChatGPT-4, ChatGPT-3.5 and Gemini's responses to questions about PCOS, its assessment and management based on recommendations from the current international PCOS guideline. This cross-sectional study assessed ChatGPT-4, ChatGPT-3.5, and Gemini's responses to PCOS-related questions created by endocrinologists using the latest guidelines and common patient queries. Experts evaluated the responses for accuracy, quality and tendency to hallucinate using Likert scales, while readability was analyzed using standard formulas. ChatGPT-4 and ChatGPT-3.5 attained higher scores in accuracy and quality compared to Gemini (p = 0.001, p < 0.001 and p = 0.007, p < 0.001 respectively). However, Gemini obtained a higher readability score compared to the other chatbots (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference between the tendency to hallucinate scores, which were due to the lower scores in Gemini (p = 0.003). The high accuracy and quality of responses provided by ChatGPT-4 and 3.5 to questions about PCOS suggest that they could be supportive in clinical practice. Future technological advancements may facilitate the use of artificial intelligence in both educating patients with PCOS and supporting the management of the disorder.

Biosimilars vs. originators

Abstract: Biosimilars can potentially increase patient treatment options, allowing access to expensive biologic medications. As frontline caregivers, nurses are uniquely positioned to educate patients on their safety and effectiveness. This article discusses biosimilars and standard terms, their development process, and strategies for nurses to provide effective patient education about these medications.

Abstract 4125940: Hypertensive Disorders During Pregnancy: Patient Perspectives on Care, Barriers, and a Path Forward

Background: The future risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) after a diagnosis of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is well established. Blood pressure (BP) assessment and management after delivery is one essential part of downstream risk mitigation of future CVD. This requires intentional follow-up by clinicians and understanding by patients. We sought the perspectives of patients regarding solutions to barriers for health care interventions and self-care support after a HDP diagnosis. Methods: Phone interviews were conducted three to six months following a delivery from a random sample of women diagnosed with HDP, determined by ICD-10 codes. Interview questions were designed by a multidisciplinary team that included those who specialize in women’s CVD health and pregnancy. Interviews were conducted by a senior qualitative researcher. Questions aimed to discover health care and self-care steps taken following HDP diagnosis, reasons why these were not started or used consistently, education recalled, and areas for improvement. Results: A total of 20 women were interviewed from ages 21-42 (20-29, n=10; 30-39, n=8; and 40-42, n= 2) among 9 different hospitals (1 quaternary, 3 tertiary care hospitals, and 5 small-medium-rural community hospitals). Of the respondents, 50% were diagnosed during their third trimester, 25% in their second trimester, 20% in their first trimester, and 5% within a week after delivery. A total of 8 (40%) of the women were induced early given HDP concerns. Table 1 describes health care and self-care steps taken for HDP during and after pregnancy. If health care and/or self-care for HDP did not start or did not continue beyond the fourth trimester (&gt;12-weeks post-delivery), reasons included BP stabilized or returned to normal, the clinician ‘wasn’t concerned’, and/or they didn’t have a history of a hypertension diagnosis. Table 2 lists suggested areas from those interviewed for improving support to women with HDP. Conclusion: This study suggests a high prevalence of unclear education with low patient recall and incomplete follow-up after delivery among women with HDP, with health care support and self-care diminishing after the fourth trimester. Understanding the perspectives of women with HDP and its associated risk factors can help in developing effective clinician and patient education and clinical pathways to reduce barriers for long-term care and CVD risk mitigation.

A case study on COVID-19 infected patient&amp;rsquo;s experience - challenging journey at Colombo East Base Hospital- Mulleriyawa

This study investigates the patient experience within the COVID-19 treatment centre at Colombo East Base Hospital, Mulleriyawa, amidst the global pandemic. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted over one month, involving 30 participants recruited through convenience sampling. Participants completed self-administered questionnaires assessing various aspects of care, including staff interaction, cleanliness, health education, counselling, and attention to health-related matters. Results indicate high levels of satisfaction among participants across multiple care domains, with the majority expressing satisfaction with staff interaction, cleanliness, health education, counselling, and attention to health-related matters. These findings underscore the healthcare delivery system's effectiveness in meeting patients' diverse needs and expectations during the pandemic. The study highlights the importance of patient-centred care in promoting positive patient experiences and outcomes, particularly in the context of public health emergencies. Recommendations include sustaining and enhancing best practices in healthcare delivery, prioritizing infection prevention and control measures, and promoting effective communication and patient education. By prioritizing patient-centred care and continuous quality improvement initiatives, healthcare providers can ensure the safety, satisfaction, and well-being of patients amidst crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

ADHERENCE TO INHALER THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AND CONTRIBUTING FACTOR

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with inhaler therapy being a cornerstone of its management. This review aims to evaluate adherence to inhaler therapy among COPD patients and identify factors influencing this adherence. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing on studies published between 2010 and 2023. The findings indicate that adherence rates to inhaler therapy range between 20% and 60%, primarily due to factors such as patient education, inhaler technique, and comorbid conditions. The review highlights the importance of effective patient education and simplified inhalation devices to improve adherence and, consequently, health outcomes in COPD patients.

Empowering EVAR: Revolutionizing Patient Understanding and Qualification with 3D Printing.

This study addresses the need for enhanced patient education in the context of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and its treatment through endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Effective patient education is essential for improving comprehension and engagement, particularly for those facing complex medical conditions. A total of 55 patients scheduled for EVAR participated in the study. Patient-specific three-dimensional (3D)-printed models of the participants' aneurysms were created using computed tomography angiogram (CTA) scans. The educational intervention included a structured session utilizing these 3D models, with assessments conducted before and after the session, including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Statistical analyses evaluated the knowledge gain and its correlation with cognitive function. The results showed a significant increase in knowledge scores post-education (p < 0.001), with a mean knowledge gain of 2.36 points. Patients rated the effectiveness of the 3D models highly on a Likert scale, with a mean score of 4.64 for improving their understanding of the medical condition and procedural aspects. A weak correlation was observed between MMSE scores and knowledge test results. This study demonstrates the potential of patient-specific 3D models to enhance patient education in the context of EVAR, improving patients' understanding of their medical condition and the procedure and thereby facilitating more informed decision-making.

Tools for effective patient education to manage outcome expectations in paediatric facial reanimation: a systematic review

Aim: Informed consent for paediatric facial reanimation requires effective patient/parent education and involvement in a shared decision-making (SDM) process to help set their expectations and understanding from the outset. No article in the current literature has systematically reviewed the available tools for facilitating effective patient/parent education and the validity of informed consent in the context of paediatric facial reanimation. Methods: A systematic literature review was undertaken, following the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched and the results screened and reviewed in accordance with pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The initial search yielded 478 articles, of which only 4 fulfilled the study’s inclusion criteria. One cohort study evaluated qualitative feedback from patients and their relatives participating in a family education and support day for paediatric facial palsy, while another article from the same group reviewed the readability of online education resources. The remaining two articles represented educational reviews focusing on treatment and patient education based on expert opinion without providing original outcome data. Conclusion: There is a paucity of evidence regarding patient/parent education to support the informed consent process for children undergoing paediatric facial reanimation. There remains a need for further resources and platforms to be developed that may support children and their parents in engaging in a SDM process, setting appropriate expectations, and providing valid informed consent for their surgery.

Using PPI and UDL principles to design a gastrointestinal endoscopy patient information video series

Abstract Introduction Patients undergoing GI endoscopy often experience anxiety and due to limited health literacy. Traditional paper-based information leaflets are often not sufficient to accommodate for the diverse way in which people consume information. Public and patient involvement (PPI) and universal design for learning are two well-described pedagogical principles. We wanted to use these principles to design more effective patient education materials. Objectives Given the heterogeneity of resources available to patients, the authors wanted to develop a high-quality and trustable video resources for patients that would be available on our hospital website. These videos would be co-designed by patients and ancillary staff, through the formation of a key stakeholder panel. Results Using PPI principles, we were able to improve the relevance and quality of our content, through the use of storyboards and the expertise of the stakeholder panel. Through the three key UDL principles of multiple means of representation, engagement and action and expression, we were able to ensure that our videos were accessible and appropriate for all of our patients. Initial feedback from stakeholders and patients provided valuable insights, prompting necessary adjustments for accuracy and patient understanding. This comprehensive approach underscores the commitment to enhancing healthcare delivery. Our project is the first guide in combining both pedagogical principles in the development of patient information and education materials. Conclusions The meticulous steps taken, from stakeholder engagement to video production, reflect a commitment to inclusivity and patient-centred care. Ongoing evaluation and feedback mechanisms ensure continuous improvement, contributing to the overall success and sustainability of the digital service. Key messages • This is the first research/patient education piece designed using both PPI and UDL principles. • The importance of patient-centred educational design is key to improving health literacy and education in our patients.

Educational needs and its associated factors among patients with ankylosing spondylitis in China: a multicenter cross-sectional study.

Patient education is an important part of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) management. Effective patient education should be targeted at specific priorities and needs of the patients. However, the educational needs of patients with AS in China have not been systematically explored. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of educational needs and analyze associated factors in patients with AS in China. This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted at five hospitals in China. The Chinese version of the Educational Needs Assessment Tool (ENAT) was used to measure educational needs. Disease activity and physical function were assessed using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of educational needs. This study included 163 patients with AS. The mean ENAT score was 86.25 (31.64). Patients wanted to know more about the arthritis process, self-help measures, and treatments. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that younger age, being female, higher disease activity, and no family history of AS (p < 0.05) were positive predictors of educational needs. Patients with AS in China have considerable educational needs, particularly in the domains of arthritis, self-help, and treatment. Female patients and patients with younger age, higher disease activity, and no family history may have higher educational needs. These factors should be considered when conducting need-based patient education programs. Healthcare professionals should integrate need-based patient education into rheumatology care in the future.

Implementation and outcomes of an enhanced recovery after surgery pathway for laparoscopic cholecystectomy in East and Central Africa: A prospective non-randomized controlled trial in Rwanda's Tertiary Teaching Hospital.

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs have demonstrated efficacy in optimizing perioperative care and improving patient outcomes in various surgeries. However, their implementation and outcomes in resource-limited settings remain underexplored. This study aimed to assess the implementation of an ERAS protocol for laparoscopic cholecystectomy in such a setting. This prospective non-randomized controlled trial involved 100 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Rwanda. The first 50 patients on the ERAS pathway were prospectively evaluated and retrospectively compared to the last 50 patients operated on before ERAS implementation. Data on demographics, preoperative information, intraoperative compliance, postoperative events, and patient feedback were collected and analyzed. ERAS implementation resulted in a significant reduction in hospital length of stay (LOS) (p<0.001) without increase in complications. Compliance with ERAS principles, including preoperative education and perioperative management, was more than 90%. ERAS also reduced costs due to quicker recovery and shorter hospital LOS. The implementation of ERAS for laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a limited-resource setting is feasible and safe, suggesting the possibility of its potential adoption in other abdominal procedures. A high level of adherence to the ERAS pathway can be achieved with effective patient education and the dedication of healthcare providers.

Nurses’ Knowledge and Practices on Influenza Vaccination for Pregnant Women

Influenza poses significant health risks to pregnant women, leading to increased morbidity and mortality rates compared to the general population. Despite the proven efficacy of the influenza vaccine in mitigating these risks, vaccination rates among pregnant women remain suboptimal. This study examines nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding influenza vaccination for pregnant women within the AL-Zubair primary health sector in Basrah, Iraq, addressing the gap in understanding healthcare providers' roles in promoting vaccination. Prior research has highlighted the need for enhanced education and communication strategies among healthcare workers to improve vaccination uptake, yet specific data on nurses' knowledge in this context are limited. The study aims to assess nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding influenza vaccination for pregnant women. Among the 88 surveyed nurses, a majority demonstrated adequate knowledge and favorable attitudes towards vaccination, with significant gaps in awareness regarding the consequences of influenza for newborns. Notably, 51.1% acknowledged the vaccine's utility in protecting pregnant women. This research provides crucial insights into the educational needs of nurses, which are essential for fostering effective patient education strategies. The findings underscore the importance of targeted educational interventions to enhance nurses' understanding of influenza vaccination, ultimately aiming to improve vaccination rates among pregnant women and reduce associated health risks.

Prevalence and severity of gag reflex in patients presenting at the department of prosthodontics.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and severity of gag reflex at initial appointment of patients visiting the department of Prosthodontics using the Gag Severity Index (GSI) tool proposed by Fiske and Dickinson. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Prosthodontics, Islamabad Dental Hospital, Islamabad. Period: 1st November, 2022 to 31st April, 2023. Methods: All the patients who presented in outpatient (OPD) of Prosthodontics with 18 to 85 years of age were included in this study. All the data of age, gender, educational levels and gag severity grades were noted on a predesigned proforma. Percentages and frequencies were calculated for all the data by using SPSS version 22. Results: A total of 150 (55.14%) patients out of 272 who gagged, were included in the study, with 61 (40.66%) males and 89 (59.3%) females, the gag reflex being more prevalent in female patients. The patients’ age range was from 18 to 85 years. In terms of gag severity grades in 150 patients, grade I was observed in 60 patients (40.0%), grade II in 49 patients (32.7%), grade III in 30 patients (20.0%), grade IV in 10 patients (6.7%) and grade V in 1 patient (0.7%). 40.0% of grade I patients were from 18-40 years age group and 51.6% were from 61-85 years age group. 37.0% of grade II patients belong to 41-60 years of age. In terms of qualification, 40.6% exhibited hyper active gag reflex in patients with university level or above. Conclusion: Female patients exhibit a higher prevalence of gag reflex than male patients, with grade I being the most common. While a definitive solution is yet to be established, effective patient education and dentist diligence can lead to productive management and future treatment exploration.

Empowerment of Augmented Reality (AR) for Patient Education and Engagement: Medication Adherence Programs' Impact on Public Health Outcomes

The entire effectiveness of pharmacological treatment depends on patients taking their medications as prescribed. Patient education is a vital component of the endeavours to enhance adherence to medications. However, many people still fail to take their prescription pills as prescribed. In addition to having access to healthcare, those who follow their doctors' orders greatly improve their chances of a positive outcome. The unfortunate reality is that many people do not take their medications as prescribed, which has led to deteriorating health, higher healthcare costs, and more overall costs. Hence, this paper presents the Smart Augmented Reality-based Patient Medication Adherence Program (SAR-PMAP) model for effective patient education and engaging medication. The augmented reality spectacles help those with trouble keeping track of their medication, and the model encourages patients to take their prescriptions as prescribed. Users may easily go to their homes with the aid of the navigation functions, and patients with impaired eyesight can benefit from the audio option that gives out the date and time. Given all this data, the Medication Coach Intelligent Agent (MCIA) takes the lead in making comprehensive decisions so patients can get autonomous, individualized, and unobtrusive treatments.

Hand-Foot Syndrome: Highlighting Adverse Effect Management and Patient Education in the Age of Multikinase Inhibitors

Hand-Foot Syndrome: Highlighting Adverse Effect Management and Patient Education in the Age of Multikinase Inhibitors

Chatbots talk Strabismus: Can AI become the new patient Educator?

BackgroundStrabismus is a common eye condition affecting both children and adults. Effective patient education is crucial for informed decision-making, but traditional methods often lack accessibility and engagement. Chatbots powered by AI have emerged as a promising solution. AimThis study aims to evaluate and compare the performance of three chatbots (ChatGPT, Bard, and Copilot) and a reliable website (AAPOS) in answering real patient questions about strabismus. MethodThree chatbots (ChatGPT, Bard, and Copilot) were compared to a reliable website (AAPOS) using real patient questions. Metrics included accuracy (SOLO taxonomy), understandability/actionability (PEMAT), and readability (Flesch-Kincaid). We also performed a sentiment analysis to capture the emotional tone and impact of the responses. ResultsThe AAPOS achieved the highest mean SOLO score (4.14 ± 0.47), followed by Bard, Copilot, and ChatGPT. Bard scored highest on both PEMAT-U (74.8 ± 13.3) and PEMAT-A (66.2 ± 13.6) measures. Flesch-Kincaid Ease Scores revealed the AAPOS as the easiest to read (mean score: 55.8 ± 14.11), closely followed by Copilot. ChatGPT, and Bard had lower scores on readability. The sentiment analysis revealed exciting differences. ConclusionChatbots, particularly Bard and Copilot, show promise in patient education for strabismus with strengths in understandability and actionability. However, the AAPOS website outperformed in accuracy and readability.

Revolutionizing patient education with GPT-4o: A new approach to preventing surgical site infections in total hip arthroplasty.

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a common surgical procedure known for its generally positive outcomes, but it also comes with the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs), which can result in significant complications and higher healthcare costs. Effective patient education plays a vital role in reducing these risks, as well-informed patients are more likely to take preventive measures and identify early signs of complications. The advent of advanced language models like GPT-4o has opened new avenues for patient education, potentially revolutionizing the way information is delivered and understood. This research letter explores the utility of GPT-4o in enhancing patient education specifically related to SSIs following THA. The capabilities of GPT-4o include offering tailored educational materials, providing 24/7 availability, facilitating humanized interactive learning, and supporting multilingual education. These features significantly improve patient understanding, engagement, and adherence to preventive measures, enhancing the overall quality of healthcare services. However, challenges such as equitable access, language and cultural barriers, and data privacy must be addressed. Utilizing GPT-4o's advanced AI capabilities can revolutionize patient education, thereby decreasing the incidence of SSIs and enhancing postoperative recovery for THA patients.

Mitigating and preventing perioperative opioid-related harm.

Although necessary for treatment of acute pain, opioids are associated with significant harm in the perioperative period and further intervention is necessary perioperatively to mitigate opioid-related harm. Opioid-naive patients are often first exposed to opioids when undergoing surgery, which can result in significant harm. Despite their benefits in reducing acute postsurgical pain, they are also associated with risks ranging from mild (e.g., pruritis, constipation, nausea) to potentially catastrophic (e.g. opioid-induced ventilatory impairment, respiratory depression, death). Overprescribing of opioids can lead to opioid diversion and drug driving. In this review, we will discuss opioid-related harm and what strategies can be used perioperatively to mitigate this harm. Interventions such as optimizing nonopioid analgesia, implementing Enhanced Recovery after Surgery programs, effective respiratory monitoring, patient education and opioid stewardship programs will be discussed. We will review policy and guidelines regarding perioperative opioid management and identify challenges and future directions to mitigate opioid-related harm.

Patient-related factors drive high rates of reported antibiotic allergies: A qualitative study

BackgroundUnnecessary antibiotic avoidance due to allergy fears has adverse cost and health implications however, the problem is difficult to resolve because patient and provider-related factors leading to avoidance are multifactorial. We use qualitative research methods to explore patient perspectives of antibiotic allergy and testing to reach the heart of the problem. ObjectiveTo reveal factors leading patients to report antibiotic allergy, and determine what education is required to prevent the cycle of erroneous allergy reporting. MethodsThe 29 patients were a sample of convenience recruited from a tertiary public hospital in Western Australia between March 2020 until August 2020; 18 were inpatients and 11 outpatients, with a median age of 64.2 years, and 15 (55%) were female. Semi-structured interviews assessed patients’ understanding and knowledge of three topics: (1) antibiotic allergy, (2) antibiotic allergy testing, and (3) outcomes of testing. Interview transcripts underwent thematic analysis by two researchers, independently. ResultsThree main, overlapping themes emerged as influential across topics: (1) Severity of the Index Reaction, (2) Trust in family and health care providers, and (3) Health literacy. Patients were largely unaware of the benefits of confirmatory testing, and the detrimental health consequences of unnecessary avoidance. Patients displayed trust in health care providers’ expertise and assumed that medical records were accurate to prevent prescribing errors. ConclusionsThe findings provide evidence for an effective patient education strategy and highlight failures among hospital and primary health providers to recognise the potential harm of unverified antibiotic allergy. Healthcare professionals are influential at multiple steps of a patient's healthcare journey and addressing unconfirmed antibiotic allergy should be taken at each opportunity.

The influence of module-based coronary heart disease risk factor education on the level of patient knowledge at Hospital of PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Effective patient education regarding CHD and its risk factors is essential for prevention and management. Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a module-based educational intervention on improving patient knowledge of CHD risk factors. Methods: This quasi-experimental study employed a pre-test and post-test control group design. A total of 34 participants were selected via quota sampling, with 17 assigned to the intervention group and 17 to the control group. Participants' knowledge levels were measured using the Heart Disease Facts Questionnaire (HDFQ) before and after receiving education on CHD risk factors through a structured booklet and Counselling Events Units (SAP). Results: Statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney test revealed a significant increase in the knowledge levels of the intervention group compared to the control group (p = 0.001), indicating the effectiveness of the module-based education. Conclusion: Module-based education on CHD risk factors significantly improves patient knowledge. This approach can be an effective educational tool in clinical settings for enhancing patient understanding and reducing CHD risk.

Risk Factors and Drug Therapy Monitoring in CKD Patients (Chronic Kidney Disease)

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a global health problem that affects millions of people, characterized by a progressive decline in kidney function. This study aims to determine Drug Related Problems (DRPs) in the treatment management of CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease) patients. This study used the literature review method. The research results from the collected literature will be summarized and presented in the form of descriptive analysis. Researchers will conduct literature searches through online sites such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate, Elsevier, and NCBI. The keywords used are “CKD risk factors” and “drug therapy for CKD patients”. The results of the search for relevant literature will be collected and selected according to the inclusion criteria. The research results from the collected literature will be presented in the form of a descriptive table. The table will include information such as author, year of publication, article title, and summary of the study results. The prevalence of drug-related problems (DRP) in CKD patients ranges from 12% to 87%. Commonly found problems include ineffective treatment, inappropriate drug selection, and drug dosing issues. Regular drug monitoring and dose adjustment are essential to reduce adverse drug reactions and improve patient outcomes. Effective drug therapy management and patient education are essential to improve the quality of care and life of CKD patients. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the importance of identifying and addressing drug-related problems (DRPs) to improve treatment effectiveness in CKD patients. Close drug monitoring and comprehensive patient education are key components in the optimal management of CKD.