Effective Learning Method Research Articles

ECTTLNER: An Effective Cross-Task Transferring Learning Method for Low-Resource Named Entity Recognition

Named entity recognition is a fundamental task in natural language processing that significantly impacts the performance of its downstream tasks. Cross-task transfer learning methods are more naturally suited for low-resource named entity recognition compared to cross-language and cross-domain transfer learning methods. Existing cross-task transfer learning methods improve the performance of the low-resource named entity recognition by leveraging relevant information from other auxiliary tasks, such as sentence-level and token-level information. However, these methods do not fully exploit token-level information of entities, leaving room for improvement in low-resource named entity recognition. To futher improve the performance of the low-resource named entity recognition, this paper proposes a simple and effective cross-task transfer learning method called ECTTLNER, which introduces Sentence Contains Entities, Sentence Entity Number, Token Is Entity, and Token Boundary Label prediction tasks into named entity recognition and performs multi-task learning together with the main sequence labeling task. Experimental results on three NER datasets demonstrate that ECTTLNER outperforms a set of state-of-the-art baseline models, and achieves more than a 2.6% improvement in F1-score over these baseline models, particularly in low-resource scenarios.

Relationship between the cognitive load and the learning success in applying force diagrams: eye-tracking study

IntroductionThis paper is concerned with investigating the cognitive demands of solving force diagram tasks in different scenarios, specifically in the wind context.MethodsIn this study, students were trained using worked examples and then completed tasks in two different scenarios while their eye movements were monitored with eye-tracking technology. After completing the tasks, cognitive load was assessed to evaluate the impact of task complexity on cognitive processing. Eye-tracking metrics were analyzed in detail to identify gaze strategies, differences and similarities.ResultsIt was found that a three-force scenario (surface wind formation) induced a higher intrinsic cognitive load than a two-force scenario, which is not only theoretically justified by cognitive load theory, but also confirmed by eye-tracking metrics. Although correlation analyses show no significant relationship between the ability to mentally rotate and learning success, the role of mental rotation in problem solving is highlighted by eye-tracking data.DiscussionOur results contribute to a better understanding of the learning and problem-solving mechanisms involved in wind direction determination and offer possible implications for the design of more effective teaching and learning methods in this area.

Evaluating the transferability of adversarial robustness to target domains

Abstract Knowledge transfer is an effective method for learning, particularly useful when labeled data are limited or when training a model from scratch is too expensive. Most of the research on transfer learning focuses on achieving accurate models, overlooking the crucial aspect of adversarial robustness. However, ensuring robustness is vital, especially when applying transfer learning in safety-critical domains. We compare robustness of models obtained by 11 training procedures on source domains and 3 retraining schemes on target domains, including normal, adversarial, contrastive, and Lipschitz constrained training variants. Robustness is analyzed by adversarial attacks with respect to two different transfer learning model outputs: (i) the latent representations and (ii) the predictions. Studying latent representations in correlation with predictions is crucial for robustness of transfer learning models, since they are solely learned on the source domain. Besides adversarial attacks that aim at changing the prediction, we also analyze the effect of directly attacking representations. Our results show that adversarial robustness can transfer across domains, but effective robust transfer learning requires techniques that ensure robustness independent of the training data to preserve them during the transfer. Retraining on the target domain has a minor impact on the robustness of the target model. Representations exhibit greater robustness compared to predictions across both the source and target domain.

Learning Methods for Islamic Religious Education in the Merdeka Curriculum

Islamic Religious Education plays an essential role in shaping the character and morals of students in Indonesia, especially in the context of the Merdeka Curriculum. The primary purpose of Islamic Religious Education is to guide students to understand and practice Islamic teachings as a guide to life. With a more interactive and flexible learning approach, the Merdeka Curriculum allows educators to develop methods relevant to the diversity of student's potential and needs. This research examines various effective learning methods in Islamic Religious Education, such as discussion, project-based learning, contextual, storytelling, and demonstration. Hopefully, these methods can increase students' motivation and understanding of Islamic teachings and create an engaging and applicable learning atmosphere. In addition, professional training for teachers is needed to ensure effective curriculum implementation. Thus, this research aims to explore best practices in Islamic Religious Education and provide valuable recommendations to improve the quality of learning so that students become knowledgeable and have good character and morals as the nation's next generation.

생성형 인공지능을 활용한 스포츠 전술 수업이 초등학생의 체육 수행 능력에 미치는 영향

This study aims to analyze the impact of sports tactics lessons using generative artificial in telligence (AI) on students’ physical performance in elementary school physical education classes. Generative AI is considered a crucial tool for enhancing students’ learning efficiency and providing personalized feedback. This study was conducted on 50 third grade students from D Elementary School in Hwaseong, Gyeonggi Province. The students were divided into the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received sports tactics lessons using the generative AI tool “Wrtn,” whereas the control group received traditional physical education classes. The results showed that the lessons using generative AI had a positive impact on students’ cognitive, functional, and affective physical performance abilities. The experimental group exhibited im provements in their understanding of sports tactics and game performance and showed significant enhancements in teamwork and problem-solving skills. These results suggest that AI-assisted lessons can be used as an effective learning method in physical education. This study highlights the future possibilities of AI-based physical education and provides important foundational data for increasing the effectiveness of physical education by integrating AI technology into the classroom. Future studies should further explore the potential of AI in various educational fields beyond physical education.

전문소생술 시뮬레이션 실습이 간호학생의 학습실재감, 비판적 사고성향, 전문소생술 자기효능감에 미치는 효과

This study aimed to examine the effects of advanced cardiovascular life support simulation practice for nursing students' learning presence, critical thinking disposition and self-efficacy. The research design was single-group pre-post experimental study, and participants were 101 fourth-year nursing students. Data was collected from April 29 to July 7, 2024. A total of 4 teams were formed with 5~6 people per team, The education contents included specialized cardiac compression, airway maintenance device, defibrillator, emergency medication and advanced cardiovascular life support simulation practice. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, and the collected data was analyzed using SPSS/WIN 25.0 program for descriptive statistics and paired t-test, analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient. Nursing students experienced greater learning presence, critical thinking disposition, and self-efficacy after practicing advanced life support simulation was statistically significantly improved, and there was a significant positive correlation between variables. The results suggested that advanced cardiovascular life support simulation practice was confirmed as an effective teaching and learning method for nursing students' learning presence, critical thinking disposition and self-efficacy. These findings indicate that advanced cardiovascular life support simulation practice is an effective intervention for improving learning presence, critical thinking disposition and self-efficacy in nursing education. Based on the research results, It is believed that this can be used as basic data for emergency simulation training programs.

중국 한국어학과 학생들이 직면한 문제점과 대책에 관한 연구 - 치치하얼대학교를 중심으로

With the deepening of economic globalization and the active promotion of the Belt and Road Initiative, the importance of small languages is becoming more and more prominent in international exchanges. Although many universities are paying more and more attention to fostering talented people with 'non-conventional language +' complex skills, it can be seen that there are many problems in the actual curriculum. Therefore, this paper aims to promote the sustainable development of the Korean language major by revealing the various difficulties faced by Korean language students, such as limited learning resources, lack of effective learning strategies and methods, lack of practical skills, and serious employment conditions, through research and research centered on Chihar University. Therefore, we tried to find a solution in response to problems such as lack of learning resources, lack of effective Korean language strategies and methods, lack of practical skills, difficulty in finding employment, and lack of Korean language skills. Not only should we provide abundant learning resources for Korean language students, but we should also actively induce foreign language learning thinking. And by creating speaking contests and exchange programs in schools and departments, students should have opportunities to practice them and challenge jobs related to Korean with an ideology that fits the present era.

EFFORTS TO IMPROVE SOCIAL EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE THROUGH PLANTING ACTIVITIES FOR CHILDREN AGED 5-6 YEARS AT PGRI SRIKANDI BALAK KINDERGARTEN, SONGGON DISTRICT, BANYUWANGI IN THE 2023/2024 ACADEMIC YEAR

This study aims to improve the social emotional intelligence of children aged 5-6 years through farming activities with a focus on developing effective and enjoyable alternative learning methods. The problems underlying this study are the low level of children's social emotional intelligence, the limited variety of learning methods that can integrate social emotional aspects with practical activities, and the less than optimal use of planting activities as a learning medium in schools. Through the implementation of planting activities, this study attempts to provide solutions to these problems by creating direct learning experiences that can stimulate children's social emotional development optimally. This study uses the Classroom Action Research (CAR) methodology which is carried out in two cycles, where each cycle consists of the planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The subjects of the study were children aged 5-6 years at PGRI Srikandi Balak Kindergarten, totaling 15 children. The data collection technique used structured observation with observation sheets, documentation, and interviews. The data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis techniques. Based on the research and discussion that has been carried out, farming has proven to be effective in improving social emotional intelligence in children aged 5-6 years at PGRI Srikandi Balak Kindergarten

AEGAN-Pathifier: a data augmentation method to improve cancer classification for imbalanced gene expression data

BackgroundCancer classification has consistently been a challenging problem, with the main difficulties being high-dimensional data and the collection of patient samples. Concretely, obtaining patient samples is a costly and resource-intensive process, and imbalances often exist between samples. Moreover, expression data is characterized by high dimensionality, small samples and high noise, which could easily lead to struggles such as dimensionality catastrophe and overfitting. Thus, we incorporate prior knowledge from the pathway and combine AutoEncoder and Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to solve these difficulties.ResultsIn this study, we propose an effective and efficient deep learning method, named AEGAN, which combines the capabilities of AutoEncoder and GAN to generate synthetic samples of the minority class in imbalanced gene expression data. The proposed data balancing technique has been demonstrated to be useful for cancer classification and improving the performance of classifier models. Additionally, we integrate prior knowledge from the pathway and employ the pathifier algorithm to calculate pathway scores for each sample. This data augmentation approach, referred to as AEGAN-Pathifier, not only preserves the biological functionality of the data but also possesses dimensional reduction capabilities. Through validation with various classifiers, the experimental results show an improvement in classifier performance.ConclusionAEGAN-Pathifier shows improved performance on the imbalanced datasets GSE25066, GSE20194, BRCA and Liver24. Results from various classifiers indicate that AEGAN-Pathifier has good generalization capability.

Contextual Pop Up Book as an Innovative Learning Media in Social Science Subjects in Elementary Schools

Purpose of the study: This research aims to produce a product in the form of a valid and practical contextual-based Pop Up Book media. Methodology: This study uses the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) development model. The tool used is Pop Up Book as an interactive visual media for learning. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and questionnaires. Validation is carried out by experts with validation sheets, while questionnaires and observations are used to measure the effectiveness and practicality of this learning media. Main Findings: The development of a contextual Pop Up Book for Social Science education in elementary schools showed positive results. The book was validated as highly suitable for the curriculum and effective for engaging students. User testing revealed good student interest and participation, although improvements in engagement and material understanding were needed. The book effectively connects learning with daily life experiences, but some students required more support in retaining and understanding the content. Overall, the Pop Up Book was deemed beneficial but with room for refinement. Novelty/Originality of this study: This research offers innovation in developing contextual-based Pop Up Book media for learning Social Sciences in Elementary Schools. The uniqueness lies in the three-dimensional interactive design that connects the material with students' daily lives, increasing their involvement and understanding. This provides a new contribution to a more interesting and effective learning method

Integration of Games-Based Artificial Intelligence to Support Differentiated Learning and Literacy Skills of Inclusive Students with Specific Learning Disorders

This study aims to explore the use of game-based Artificial Intelligence (AI) to support differentiated learning and improve literacy skills of inclusive students with Specific Learning Disorder (SLD). In the context of inclusive education, the need for a personalized approach is very important, especially for students with specific learning disorders such as dyslexia, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia. AI technology integrated into educational games offers an innovative solution by presenting adaptive materials, accommodating various learning styles, and adjusting the level of difficulty based on student abilities. This study used a mixed-methods method, involving a quasi-experiment on 40 elementary school students with SLD and qualitative observations of student interactions with AI-based games for eight weeks. The results showed that this approach significantly improved students' motivation, engagement, and literacy skills, especially in reading ability and conceptual understanding. Game-based AI is also able to provide personalized real-time feedback to students, thereby strengthening differentiated learning. This study recommends the application of game-based AI as an effective learning method for inclusive students with specific learning disorders, especially in the context of 21st-century learning that focuses on literacy and technology skills.

Training and Mentoring on Strengthening Literacy and Numeracy in Red Reporting School Learning Recovery

A training and mentoring programmed to strengthen literacy and numeracy in schools with red report cards was implemented as a post-pandemic learning recovery effort. The programmed aims to improve the literacy and numeracy skills of students who are still below national standards, especially in schools with low learning outcomes. Through intensive training, teachers are empowered with pedagogical knowledge and skills to implement effective learning methods that suit learners' needs. This research method uses a qualitative-descriptive approach, collecting data through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results showed that the training and mentoring programmed succeeded in improving teachers’ competence in teaching and increasing students’ learning motivation. Thus, this programmed is expected to have a positive impact on strengthening teachers' capacity in implementing effective and sustainable learning. The findings provide important recommendations for the government and stakeholders in developing education policies that focus on restoring learning, particularly in low-performing schools.

Persepsi Siswa Terhadap Penerapan E-LKPD Neraca Lajur di SMK Bina Jaya Palembang

The purpose of this study was to see how students view the implementation of E-LKPD (Electronic Student Worksheet) on the Trial Balance material at SMK Bina Jaya Palembang. To measure the aspects of ease of use, effectiveness, and attractiveness of E-LKPD, this study used a quantitative descriptive method. The results showed that students were very positive about the use of E-LKPD, especially regarding the ease of navigation and interaction. With interactive features and direct feedback, E-LKPD is also considered to help students understand the Trial Balance concept independently. The visual appeal of E-LKPD also increases students' desire to learn. The results show that E-LKPD is an effective and appropriate learning method to support accounting learning in SMK, especially topics that require procedural understanding.

HAMKA'S AND ZA'ABA'S EDUCATIONAL INSIGHTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

This research paper examines the educational thoughts of two prominent Malay-Muslim scholars, Za'ba (Zainal Abidin Ahmad) (d. 1973) and Hamka (Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah) (d. 1981), in the context of their contributions to education and society. Despite sharing a common era, Za'ba and Hamka had distinct views on education, influenced by their beliefs in the synthesis of modern knowledge and Islamic values. Therefore, this paper seeks to explore the similarities and differences in their concept of education. The authors implemented library research with content analysis and comparative studies based on the works of the aforementioned scholars. Hamka’s concept of education is based on his selected works namely Falsafah Hidup, Lembaga Budi and Lembaga Hidup. While for Za’ba, his thoughts are studied based on his work Jalan Keselamatan bagi Orang-Orang Melayu, Kemiskinan Melayu and other related writings of the discourse on Za’ba’s thought. The concept of education according to Hamka and Za’ba puts a strong emphasis on the significance of comprehensive knowledge that combines the perfection of intellectual, physical, and spiritual aspects of a man. Hamka’s emphasis of education is on shaping characters to produce a man who is capable of contributing to society. While Za’ba emphasis on education for the Malays. This paper delves into their perspectives, emphasizing their stances on the integration of Western education and Islamic teachings, their views on effective teaching and learning methods, important elements in education, and their approaches to curriculum development.

문제중심학습 기반 임상실무중심의 간호시뮬레이션 교육이 간호대학생의 비판적 사고, 문제해결과정, 간호지식, 간호업무수행 자신감에 미치는 효과

Objectives This study was conducted to verify the differences in critical thinking, problem-solving process, knowledge, and confidence in nursing performance of nursing students before and after the education program by applying problem-based learning based on clinical practice-based nursing simulation education, and to identify the relationship. Methods The participants were 73 nursing students at D University in S City. Problem-based learning based on clinical practice-based nursing simulation education was conducted for a total of 8 hours for 4 weeks, and data collection was from March 2 to April 22, 2022. It was a single-group before/after design experimental study, and data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 program using descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, paired t-test, and Pearson's Correlation Coefficients. Results There were statistically significant difference in problem-solving process (t=-5.15, p〈.001), knowledge ((t=-4.94, p〈.001), and confidence in nursing performance (t=-12.39, p〈.001) before and after problem-Based Learning based on clinical practice-based nursing simulation education. On the other hand, critical thinking scores improved, but there was no significant difference (t=-.72, p=.472). In addition, critical thinking and problem-solving processes (r=.66, p=<.001) and confidence in nursing performance were significantly positive correlated with critical thinking (r=.33, p=.004) and problem-solving processes (r=.32, p=.005). Conclusions Problem-based learning based on clinical practice-based nursing simulation education has been confirmed to be an effective teaching and learning method that helps nursing students' problem-solving process, knowledge, and confidence in nursing performance. Through the results of this study, it can be used as evidence for systematic lesson design in problem-based learning based on clinical practice-based nursing simulation education.

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Volatile Molecular Biomarkers in Breath Using THz-IR Spectroscopy and Machine Learning

Exhaled air contains volatile molecular compounds of endogenous origin, being products of current metabolic pathways. It can be used for medical express diagnostics through control of these compounds in the patient’s breath using molecular absorption spectroscopy. The fundamental problem in this field is that the composition of exhaled air or other gas mixtures of natural origin is unknown, and content analysis of such spectra by conventional iterative methods is unpredictable. Machine learning methods enable the establishment of latent dependencies in spectral data and the conducting of their qualitative and quantitative analysis. This review is devoted to the most effective machine learning methods of exhaled air sample absorption spectra qualitative and content analysis. The focus is on interpretable machine learning methods, which are important for reliable medical diagnosis. Also, the steps additional to the standard machine learning pipeline and important for medical decision support are discussed.

An Efficient Deep Learning Technique for Brain Abnormality Detection Using MRI

This research proposes an effective and reliable deep learning method for detecting brain abnormalities via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The technique consists of two primary stages: first, a binary classifier that divides pictures into "Brain" and "Non-Brain" categories; second, multi-class classifiers that explicitly recognise categories such pituitary adenomas, gliomas, and meningiomas. The labelled and preprocessed data were taken from a collection of 7,753 pictures provided by Qhills Technologies Pvt. Ltd. Additional data from the Brain Tumour MRI collection was also incorporated to improve the model's generalisation skills. VGG-16 outperforms the other machine learning models, with an accuracy rate of 96.4%, when compared to ANN, CNN, VGG-16, and AlexNet. A thorough model evaluation and hyperparameter tweaking process was conducted using the accuracy, precision, recall F1-score. The findings of this study point to the potential of deep learning techniques in identifying brain disorders fast and precisely, opening the door to more precise diagnosis in clinical settings.

STUDENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE USE OF ICT IN ENGLISH CLASS AT TERTIARY LEVEL

The use of ICT tools is frequently regarded as a beneficial and effective method for foreign language learning. In addition to providing tools which can help students improve their language skills, ICT can be used to motivate them and foster their interest and positive attitudes towards language learning. On the other hand, overwhelmed by a number of learning tools and apps available, as well as the multitasking required for such a learning experience, some students may find them distracting, which leads to a lower quality in the work produced. Despite the abundance of existing studies on the topic, very few have addressed the use of ICT at the tertiary level, and almost none have aimed at including students from two different countries in the Balkan region. Hence, the present study aims to explore the attitudes of university students at two tertiary institutions in Slovenia and Croatia towards the use of ICT in their language learning classrooms. The results were obtained using an online questionnaire and were further quantitatively analysed using descriptive statistics and a t-test for unpaired samples. According to the results, the vast majority of the students acknowledge the importance of ICT tools and highlight their usefulness in relation to learning English. However, a difference between the groups is observed in the frequency of usage and types of online tools used in their language learning process. Finally, the results of this study show that the integration of ICT in learning should be carefully and thoughtfully planned in advance. Although prevalent in language settings, ICT should not be seen as a sole replacement for face-to-face learning sessions, but as a necessary complement to English classes. Teachers should first consider the diverse comfort levels and technological proficiencies of students to ensure that ICT enhances, rather than hinders, the learning process. Keywords: language learning, English, ICT, students’ attitudes, tertiary level, Slovenia, Croatia

Teaching Technical Translation in the Digital Era: Challenges and Expectations

Abstract Several seminar studies explain the importance of technical translation today, as 90% of the global market of translations is represented by technical translations (Kingscott 2002:247). The need for research on this was also signalled by Romanian scholars like Daniel Dejica, Loredana Pungă, Georgiana Badea, and Titela Vîlceanu (Dejica et al. 2022), who showed that there are only a few Ph.D. theses which investigate this type of LSP translation in Romania. This article is part of an ongoing Ph.D. research whose aims are: to develop effective teaching and learning methods, to focus on the state-ofthe-art teaching of technical translation today, and to highlight future research directions.

Analisis Kemampuan Pemahaman dan Pemecahan Masalah pada Siswa Kelas VIII UPT SMP Negeri 27 Medan Terhadap Materi Bangun Datar dan Ruang

This study is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach that aims to analyze the errors made by students in solving mathematics problems, especially on flat and solid geometry materials using the Newman Theory approach. The subjects in this study were 30 seventh grade students at SMP Negeri 27 Medan. The method of collecting data or information was carried out through a written test of 3 (three) descriptive questions and interviews with selected subjects. The information obtained was then analyzed based on the Newman analysis procedure which is divided into 5 (five) stages of errors, namely reading, understanding, transformation, process skills, and writing answers. The results of the analysis showed that the most significant errors occurred at the transformation stage, with a percentage of 83.3%, categorized as very high. On the other hand, errors in process skills were classified as very low, namely 16.6%. This finding shows the importance of developing more effective learning methods to help students understand and solve mathematics problems, especially those related to geometric concepts.