Effective Governance Practices Research Articles

PENERAPAN GOOD UNIVERSITY GOVERNANCE TERHADAP KEPUASAN MAHASISWA DENGAN EXCELLENT SERVICE SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI

The objective of this research is to examine the impact of the implementation of effective university governance on student satisfaction and excellent service, with a focus on how excellent service moderates the relationship between university governance and student satisfaction at the Indonesian Institute of Technology and Business. This study utilized primary data and targeted a population of 2,501 students from the Indonesian Institute of Technology and Business between 2020-2023. Purposive sampling was employed, resulting in a sample size of 100 students. The analysis involved simple linear regression analysis and MRA (Moderated Regression Analysis) using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) software. The findings of this study demonstrate that good university governance has a positive and significant impact on student satisfaction, while excellent service does not enhance the influence of good university governance on student satisfaction. These findings have implications for university administrators and policymakers, as they emphasize the significance of implementing and maintaining effective governance practices to improve student satisfaction. Further research could explore other factors that may moderate the relationship between university governance and student satisfaction, providing a more comprehensive understanding of this relationship.

Corporate Governance Mechanisms and Financial Performance: A Systematic Literature Review in Emerging Markets

This research investigates the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and financial performance in emerging markets. Through a systematic literature review approach, researchers analyze various studies that have been conducted to understand the role of board of directors composition, institutional ownership, and financial reporting transparency in influencing company performance. The findings show that a diverse board of directors composition, strong institutional ownership, and financial reporting transparency have a significant impact on a company's financial performance. Apart from that, the relationship between corporate governance and financial performance is also supported by various theories such as agency theory, stewardship and collective action. This research provides a better understanding of the importance of effective governance practices in achieving sustainable financial performance in emerging markets.

Towards better IT governance: A comprehensive IT internal control model for information technology firms

Purpose- The primary objective of this study is to enhance IT governance within the information technology sector by developing a comprehensive IT Internal Control Model. This model is designed to address the unique and evolving challenges in IT internal control processes, providing a structured approach to risk optimization, resource optimization, and benefit management. By introducing this model, the study aims to offer IT firms a robust internal control model that can be adapted to their specific operational needs, promoting a more effective, efficient, and resilient IT governance structure. Methodology- A thorough literature review, incorporating a wide array of international sources, forms the foundation of this study. The research involved designing an IT Internal Control Model, informed by the processes observed at THY Technology. This model was then applied across 12 distinct operational processes, and feedback from stakeholders was systematically gathered through surveys to evaluate its practicality and impact. Findings- The feedback from stakeholders was predominantly positive, underscoring the model’s efficacy in bolstering IT governance. The model was praised for its thoroughness and adaptability, successfully addressing a broad spectrum of IT internal control issues while remaining flexible enough to be tailored to various IT environments. Conclusion- This study highlights the importance of dynamic and adaptable IT internal control model in the fast-paced technology sector. The developed IT Internal Control Model opens new avenues for research into effective governance practices and provides a valuable blueprint for IT firms seeking to enhance their governangfce and control mechanisms in a digitally-driven world. Keywords: IT internal control model, internal control, IT governance, IT compliance, continuous improvement JEL Codes: M15, M19, M42

Poor Governance and Migration Trends in Nigeria

Poor governance has been identified as a significant factor influencing migration both within and outside the country. The study investigated the ways in which poor governance contributes to migration and suggested potential avenues for improvement. The study employed the descriptive research method; a qualitative analysis approach. It draws on existing literature and policy documents to explore the impacts of poor governance on migration patterns in Nigeria. Findings suggest that poor governance in Nigeria has a positive correlation to migration trends in Nigeria. Economic instability, high poverty rates, and limited opportunities drive individuals to seek better livelihoods abroad. Political instability and conflicts resulting from weak governance also contribute to forced migration. Also, inadequate provision of basic services, such as healthcare and education, prompts individuals to migrate in search of better life abroad. To address these issues, the study recommended policy evaluation as crucial in assessing existing interventions aimed at addressing poor governance and its impact on migration. Evaluating their effectiveness and identifying areas for improvement can lead to more effective governance practices and better

The Effect of Good Governance Practices and Decision Making at Da’wah and Communication Faculty UIN Raden Fatah Palembang

In the dynamic landscape of higher education, effective governance practices and decision-making within academic institutions are pivotal for shaping the academic environment. This holds particularly true for faculties dedicated to Da'wah and Communication, where religious principles, communication, and academic rigor converge. This study explores governance practices and decision-making dynamics within the Da’wah and Communication Faculty at UIN Raden Fatah Palembang. The research delves into administrative structures, decision-making processes, and their impact on academic, religious, and communicative dimensions. Differentiating educational governance from corporate governance, the study underscores the complexity of educational contexts. In the Da’wah and Communication Faculty, the Management Review Meeting serves as a crucial governance practice. The meeting involves agenda overview, prior meeting evaluation, academic contributions, student affairs, financial analysis, technology assessment, and open discussion. This strategic approach enhances organizational performance, aligning with the principles of good governance. The research methodology employs a quantitative approach, utilizing cross-sectional data from interviews and questionnaires. The Likert scale measures perceptions, with decision-making as the dependent variable and good governance as the independent variable. Hypothesis testing involves simple linear regression and partial tests. Research findings suggest a positive but statistically insignificant correlation between knowledge management (KM) and decision making (DM). Influencing factors include small sample sizes, high variability, insensitive measurement methods, unaccounted control variables, temporal aspects, and chance factors. Enhancing significance requires expanded sample sizes, detailed control variables, and robust statistical methods. Contextual considerations are crucial, emphasizing the context-dependent nature of the KM-DM relationship. In conclusion, the KM-DM relationship is generally perceived as positive, yet lacks consistent statistical significance. Factors influencing this relationship necessitate methodological improvements. Recognizing the context-dependent nature of KM's impact on decision-making outcomes, researchers can refine strategies for more targeted decision-making in educational organizations.

Measuring AI Governance, AI Adoption and AI Strategy of Japanese Companies

Purpose: This study aims to measure the level of AI governance and AI adoption among Japanese companies. Theoretical Framework: The research investigates the extent to which Japanese companies have implemented AI governance frameworks and the degree of AI adoption in their operations. The study also explores the relationship between AI governance, AI adoption, and AI strategy, providing insights into the factors that influence successful AI implementation. Design / Methodology / Approach: a survey questionnaire was administered to a representative sample of Japanese companies across various industries. The questionnaire included items that assessed the presence and effectiveness of AI governance practices within the organizations. Findings: a positive correlation was observed between AI governance and AI adoption. Companies with well-established AI governance frameworks tended to have higher levels of AI adoption, suggesting that effective governance practices play a crucial role in facilitating successful AI implementation. These findings provide valuable insights into the current state of AI governance and AI adoption among Japanese companies. Conclusion: The results can assist organizations in benchmarking their AI initiatives against industry standards and identifying areas for improvement. Policymakers and regulators can also utilize these findings to develop guidelines and frameworks that promote responsible and effective AI implementation.

Integrating Corporate Governance Practices into New Financing Projects and Executive Pay Structures

Purpose: This study aims to explore the integration of corporate governance practices into new financing projects and executive pay structures, highlighting their impact on organizational performance, transparency, and stakeholder trust. It addresses the growing need for robust governance mechanisms to align executive incentives with long-term value creation and effective decision-making in financing projects. Research Design and Methodology: A quantitative descriptive research design was employed, utilizing survey instruments, statistical analysis, and regression modeling to examine the integration of governance practices across diverse corporations. The study focused on the prevalence, determinants, and outcomes of governance integration in financing projects and executive compensation structures. Findings and Discussion: The findings reveal that robust corporate governance mechanisms significantly influence firms' financing decisions and executive compensation structures. Effective governance practices enhance transparency, accountability, and risk management, leading to lower financing costs, greater investor confidence, and improved project outcomes. The study also highlights the role of performance-based executive compensation schemes in aligning executive incentives with shareholder interests, fostering long-term value creation. Implications: The research underscores the importance of integrating corporate governance practices into financing and compensation frameworks to enhance organizational performance and stakeholder trust. It offers practical insights for policymakers, practitioners, and scholars on developing governance mechanisms that ensure prudent decision-making and value optimization. The findings advocate for continuous improvement in governance practices to meet evolving regulatory, shareholder, and societal expectations.

The Effects of Governance Practices on the Performance of the Sri Lankan Public Sector Development Projects

The use of Project Governance Practices (PGPs) is increasingly taking a substantial stage in developing economies, particularly in a newly industrializing nation like Sri Lanka where public sector development projects have been implemented to expedite the nation's growth and prosperity. As it is essential to lay a transparent and tangible foundation for an effective public sector that can be sustained, the paper focuses on the significance of PGPs in enhancing the performance of the Sri Lankan public sector development initiatives. Structuring, normalizing, facilitating, and post-conflict-sensitive variables were used to measure the PGPs, whereas financial and non-financial performance measures were employed to evaluate the project performance. The researcher conducted direct observations and administered a comprehensive Likert-scaled questionnaire to 518 project administrators involved in various Sri Lankan public sector development projects, specifically focusing on projects related to irrigation, roads and highways, water and sanitation, and other infrastructure developmental projects. The data was analyzed using the structural equation modeling through the AMOS software. The results showed that PGPs created a considerable improvement in project performance, which increased support for expanding economic prosperity through balanced development strategies and sustainability-based policy formation.
 Keywords: Performance, Project governance practices, Public sector development projects, Sri Lanka

Good Governance Analysis of the Role of the Reserve Army in Strengthening National Defense

Effective governance is a cornerstone of any modern nation's strength and security. This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the role of the reserve army in strengthening national defense, within the framework of good governance principles. The reserve army, a vital component of a country's defense strategy, represents a proactive and cost-efficient means of augmenting the regular armed forces during times of crisis. Through a lens of good governance, this study examines the organizational, strategic, and ethical dimensions of the reserve army's contribution to national defense.The analysis begins by exploring the concept of good governance, highlighting its significance in ensuring transparency, accountability, and citizen participation in defense policies. Drawing on case studies from various nations, the paper investigates how effective governance practices can positively influence the recruitment, training, and deployment of reserve forces. Special attention is given to mechanisms that promote equitable representation, inclusivity, and adherence to human rights standards within the reserve army framework.Furthermore, the study delves into the strategic alignment between the reserve army and the overall national defense strategy. It examines how coherent planning, integrated communication, and joint exercises between regular and reserve forces can enhance the overall preparedness and responsiveness of a nation's defense apparatus. The role of technology and innovation in optimizing the reserve army's effectiveness is also explored, emphasizing the importance of well-governed resource allocation and technological integration. In conclusion, this paper underscores the critical role of good governance in maximizing the potential of the reserve army to strengthen national defense. By aligning recruitment practices, strategic planning, and ethical considerations with principles of effective governance, a nation can build a resilient, adaptable, and citizen-oriented reserve force that significantly contributes to its overall security. The findings of this analysis provide valuable insights for policymakers, military planners, and scholars seeking to enhance the role of the reserve army within a framework of sound governance practices

The impacts of corporate governance on firms’ performance: from theories and approaches to empirical findings

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the relationship between corporate governance (CG) and financial performance in the case of publicly listed companies in Vietnam for the period from 2019 to 2021. The topic is crucial in understanding how effective governance practices can influence the financial outcomes of companies. The study sheds light on the link between CG practice and firm financial performance. It also provides insights for policymakers and practitioners to improve CG practices.Design/methodology/approachDue to the potential dynamic endogeneity in CG research, this study uses the generalized system methods of moments to effectively address the endogeneity problem. Financial performance is measured by Tobin’s Q, return on equity (ROE) and return on assets (ROA). Based on organization for economic cooperation and development (OECD) standards, these indices were calculated to assess the influence of CG practices on corporate financial performance, namely, for accounting information (ROA and ROE) and market performance (Tobin’s Q and service à resglement différé (SRD) – stock price volatility) for the period 2019–2021. In addition, the study examines the relationship between changes in the CG index and changes in financial performance.FindingsThe study’s main objective is to determine the relationship between CG performance scores and financial performance. The study found a positive relationship between transparency disclosure and financial performance and a positive correlation between CG and company size. The COVID-19 pandemic caused a decrease in transparency and information index scores in 2021 compared to 2019 and 2020 due to delayed General Meetings of Shareholders. The study failed to find a relationship between shareholder rights index (“cg_rosh”) and board responsibility (“cg_reob”) and financial performance, concerning which the findings of this study differ from those of previous studies. Reasons are put forward for these anomalies.Originality/valuePolicymakers need to develop a set of criteria for assessing CG practices. They also need to promulgate specific regulations for mandatory and voluntary information disclosure and designate a competent authority to certify the transparency of company information. The study also suggests that companies should develop CG regulations and focus on regulations relating to the business culture or ethics, as well as implementing a system to ensure equal treatment among shareholders. The study found that good CG practices can positively contribute to a company’s financial performance, which is crucial for investors to evaluate the quality of CG practices for each listed company so that investment risks can be limited.

Designing a Project Governance Framework for ICT Project Implementation in Public Sectors in Tanzania

This research study focuses on the implementation of ICT project governance in public sectors and aims to identify the challenges faced and provide recommendations for effective governance practices. Through data analysis and findings from various sources, including stakeholders' perspectives, the study identifies common challenges such as lack of stakeholder involvement, limited ICT literacy and awareness, resistance to change, finance issues, ICT policy and leadership, and the digital divide. Addressing these challenges is crucial for successful project governance implementation. The study proposes key principles to avoid project governance failure, including involving senior managers, prioritizing governance goals, assigning ownership and accountability, designing governance at multiple levels, providing transparency, and promoting continuous learning and education. These principles enhance decision-making, align projects with objectives, and foster a culture of improvement. The study also presents a validated project governance framework and recommends incorporating technical and non-technical challenges. Furthermore, recommendations are provided to enhance stakeholder involvement, promote ICT literacy and awareness, implement change management strategies, improve financial management, strengthen ICT policy and leadership, and bridge the digital divide. The research suggests further exploration through empirical studies, comparative case studies, longitudinal studies, cross-cultural investigations, examination of emerging technologies, and understanding stakeholder perspectives. By implementing these recommendations and conducting further research, public sectors can overcome challenges, improve governance practices, and enhance the success of ICT projects

The relationship between corporate governance and firm performance: An empirical analysis of Indonesian companies

The goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between corporate governance practices, as indicated by the Corporate Governance Perception Index (CGPI) scores, and key performance indicators (ROA, ROE, EPS) of publicly-listed Indonesian firms. Utilizing a panel data set comprising 112 Indonesian firms across various sectors, both fixed and random effects models were employed to discern the effects of corporate governance on firm performance. The dataset spanned five years, resulting in a total of 560 observations. The findings revealed a positive and statistically significant correlation between superior governance practices and enhanced firm performance. Specifically, a one-unit increase in the CGPI Score corresponded with increases in ROA, ROE, and EPS, even after controlling for variables such as firm size and industry type. Corporate governance plays a pivotal role in influencing the financial performance of Indonesian firms. Firms adhering to higher governance standards showcased better performance metrics, underscoring the strategic importance of robust governance mechanisms in the Indonesian business landscape. The results hold significant implications for Indonesian businesses, investors, and policymakers. Effective governance practices not only serve as a beacon for potential investors but also position firms for sustained growth and stakeholder trust in an increasingly competitive and interconnected global economy.

Effect of Mergers and Acquisitions on Organizational Competitiveness in Agrochemical Industry in Kenya

Purpose: The study's objective was to determine how mergers and acquisitions affected organizational competitiveness in Kenya's agrochemical sector. The following specific objectives served as the study's direction: to evaluate how market expansion affected organizational effectiveness; to examine how effective governance affected organizational effectiveness; to examine how adequate human resource levels affected organizational competitiveness; and to assess how production capacity affected organizational competitiveness among Kenya's agrochemical industry.
 Methodology: The study's core research subjects were managers and employees of Nairobi's agrochemical companies, utilizing a cross-sectional research design. The study gathered information from 281 respondents as its sample size using multi-stage sampling techniques. Questionnaires were used to collect data on employees, and scheduled interviews were used to collect data on managers. Content analysis techniques were used to examine qualitative data. Quantitative data was categorized and coded using a code book made in accordance with the research variables. The data was examined using SPSS version 25 (Statistical Packages for Social Sciences). Descriptive findings showing positive means and standard deviation obtained by all variables. Additionally, inferential statistics are presented in form of a correlation analysis conducted to determine the effect of production capacity, effective governance, HR adequacy, and market extensions on organizational competitiveness.
 Findings: The results indicate strong positive relationships between these factors and organizational competitiveness. Increasing production capacity, implementing effective governance practices, investing in HR adequacy, and expanding into new markets were all found to enhance organizational competitiveness. The statistical analysis supports these findings, with significant correlation coefficients and a regression model that explains a significant portion of the variance in organizational competitiveness. The chapter emphasizes the importance of focusing on these factors to improve organizational competitiveness and achieve long-term success.
 Unique contributions to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that policy makers should encourage research into alternative pesticides and fertilizers and regulate the use of agrochemicals to minimize their negative impact on the environment and human health. Companies and organizations in the industry should take responsibility for the safety of their products and provide incentives for sustainable agricultural practices. The government should regulate the use of agrochemicals and invest in research and development of alternative pesticides and fertilizers. Other stakeholders should raise awareness and support research on sustainable agricultural practices.

Assessing RFMIS Implementation Using DeLone and McLean Model: En-hancing Regional Financial Management

This research study focuses on assessing the implementation and effectiveness of Regional Financial Management Information Systems (RFMIS) within the context of regional governance. Employing the DeLone and McLean Model dimensions, the research aims to comprehensively analyze the system's impact on financial management practices and its significance within regional governance structures. By examining user perceptions and system performance, the study evaluates the strengths, weaknesses, and the implications of RFMIS implementation. Key findings reveal the importance of system quality, information accuracy, user satisfaction, and service quality as pivotal determinants of the system's success. The study emphasizes the RFMIS's role in improving decision-making, transparency, and operational efficiency in regional financial management. Furthermore, the research highlights identified weaknesses in user interface, support services, system maintenance, and adaptability, signifying areas necessitating immediate attention for improvement. The implications of this research extend beyond regional financial management, emphasizing the broader transformative potential of information systems in promoting transparency, enhancing governance, and driving positive outcomes. Addressing the identified weaknesses presents opportunities for better system performance and user satisfaction, contributing to the continued advancement of effective information systems within regional governance. This study's insights emphasize the importance of continued investment, user-centric design, and ongoing adaptation in information systems, setting a precedent for effective governance practices and technological innovation across various sectors.

Exploring Sustainability Challenges of Government-Funded Community Projects in South Africa

In recent times, the sustainability of government-funded community projects has emerged as a significant concern for both governmental entities and donors. The objective of this study was to investigate the sustainability obstacles faced by the Peach Value Addition Cooperative project in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The research was conducted using a qualitative technique and under an interpretivist paradigm. A purposive sampling strategy was employed to select ten senior managers from cooperatives who have a minimum of five years of professional experience. Thematic analysis was conducted on the data. The study's findings revealed that the Peach Value Addition Cooperative project encountered difficulties related to funding and financial matters. Additionally, the cooperative faced challenges stemming from a low market demand for their products. The study also identified issues within the cooperative's leadership, including instances of nepotism, favouritism, patronage, and corruption. Furthermore, the cooperative experienced high rates of absenteeism and exhibited selective application of consequences for cooperative members who committed offences. The study's results also confirmed that leadership deficiencies, unethical behaviours, inadequate financial management, lack of skills, and ineffective governance were identified as key concerns impacting the long-term viability of the Peach Value Addition Cooperative project. The study suggests that the implementation of effective governance practices, including the eradication of corruption, fraud, favouritism, and nepotism, the establishment of checks and balances to mitigate authoritarianism, the development of a transparent succession plan, and the adoption of a comprehensive code of ethics and code of conduct, are strategies that would contribute to the long-term viability of the Peach Value Addition Cooperative project in the Umzimvubu area.

The Relation between Good Governance and Improving Performance in the Higher Education -HE- Institutions

In the current globalized world characterized by advancements in technology, higher education institutions have a significant role to play by providing quality and relevant education. The provision of quality education relies on the governance of these institutions because effective governance is required to ensure that processes, practices, and roles are aligned toward achieving the intended objectives. Thus, this study examines the importance of professional governance in higher education and the way governance affects performance. The study employs a secondary research method in which data is collected from empirical studies. A qualitative research strategy based on an exploratory study design was adopted. Data were analyzed thematically and inductively based on the interpretive paradigm.The study findings reveal that good governance affects the performance of higher education institutions positively by leading to improved accountability, encouraging participatory processes, promoting inclusivity, and contributing to better resource management. It is recommended that higher education institutions improve their organizational culture before implementing effective governance practices.

Sustainable Governance: Evaluating the Symbiotic Relationship Between CSR and Corporate Governance

Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility (CSR) are critical concerns for modern businesses. CSR and corporate governance play a crucial role in ensuring the success and sustainability of organizations in the long run. By integrating social and environmental considerations into a company's business strategy, CSR can enhance its adaptability and resilience, enabling it to address evolving environmental concerns and societal expectations. Corporate governance involves managing organizations to generate long-term value for shareholders while considering the interests of other stakeholders and broader societal concerns. This paper analyzes the correlation between corporate governance mechanisms and corporate social responsibility (.CSR) initiatives. Specifically, it explores how governance structures impact the implementation, execution, and efficacy of CSR procedures within businesses. This paper examines the motivations that prompt companies to engage in corporate social responsibility activities, the importance of stakeholders in this context, and how effective governance practices can facilitate the integration of environmental and social considerations into corporate decision-making. Through a thorough investigation, the goal is to deepen our understanding of the complex connection between CSR and corporate governance. This document proposes integrating corporate social responsibility initiatives and corporate governance to benefit corporations, the environment, and society. It will provide significant insights for policymakers, practitioners, and academics to promote ethical business conduct.

King IV municipal supplements: the impact on the municipal’s approach to governance

In using King IV municipal supplement as a conceptual framework, this paper critically analyses the King IV supplement implementation and control system within the municipal sector. For the municipality to be trusted and accountable to the public, it needs to implement effective governance processes. The observance of municipal governance implementation framework poses a significant challenge for the municipalities. The prevalence of unsuccessful provision of essential services and unsuccessful audit is an indication of the failure by municipal boards that are charged with the implementation of effective governance practices. It is further indicative of the municipal board not to understanding their governance roles fully. The advent of King IV municipal supplement will give more impetus to the implementation of governance framework and effective control processes. The municipal supplement will serve as a guide to proper governance in the municipality and will push for all municipal stakeholders to be involved in the governance of the municipality. The implementation of the King IV municipal supplement will enable the municipality to fulfil the constitutional mandate and deliver on the essential services. It has also become evident that good governance in the municipality is beneficial for stakeholders as a well-governed organization inspires the confidence of the stakeholders and lowers the cost of its operations. Even though King IV is not law, the governance outcome that it can achieve are laudable. The adoption and implementation King IV code municipal supplements practices will become the criteria by which the required standard of care and appropriate standard of conduct of the council can measured.

Perceptions of Faculty Leadership in University Governance: A Case Study

University governance is a core issue of higher education, and faculty plays a critical role. In a structured interview, 10 faculty members from a case university in central China elaborate on their university’s governance structure and their own leadership in university governance. One distinctive feature revealed is that there are dual authorities: political and administrative. Although the faculty members believe they have some impact on the governance of curriculum, faculty governance, student governance, and organizational governance, the actual practice is different. The faculty members have less of a say in final decisions, and their leadership is often impinged upon by their administrators (including academic leaders with administrative functions). In spite of this, all of the interviewees still feel that they should participate in university governance and seek more involvement in final decisions. This article concludes with suggestions on effective governance practices for universities.

Code of Conduct Conversations in Open Source Software Projects on Github

The rapid growth of open source software necessitates a deeper understanding of moderation and governance methods currently used within these projects. The code of conduct, a set of rules articulating standard behavior and responsibilities for participation within a community, is becoming an increasingly common policy document in open source software projects for setting project norms of behavior and discouraging negative or harassing comments and conversation. This study describes the conversations around adopting and crafting a code of conduct as well as those utilizing code of conduct for community governance. We conduct a qualitative analysis of a random sample of GitHub issues that involve the code of conduct. We find that codes of conduct are used both proactively and reactively to govern community behavior in project issues. Oftentimes, the initial addition of a code of conduct does not involve much community participation and input. However, a controversial moderation act is capable of inciting mass community feedback and backlash. Project maintainers balance the tension between disciplining potentially offensive forms of speech and encouraging broad and inclusive participation. These results have implications for the design of inclusive and effective governance practices for open source software communities.