Effective Enjoyment Of Rights Research Articles

GHANDIAN PHILOSOPHY OF NON-VIOLENCE IN THE ITALIAN CONSTITUTION

This article explores the connection between Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violence and the fundamental principles of the 1948 Italian Constitution, analysing how Gandhian values have influenced the architecture of rights and freedoms enshrined in the Italian Constitutional Charter. The article begins with a reflection on work as an instrument of personal emancipation and collective growth, a concept that Gandhi considered central to the development of a just and harmonious society. It examines how Article 1 of the Italian Constitution, which proclaims Italy as ‘a democratic republic, founded on labour’, embodies these principles, highlighting the role of work not only as a means of subsistence, but as the foundation of the welfare and progress of the entire nation.Continuing, the article analyses the principle of formal and substantive equality enshrined in Article 3 of the Italian Constitution, relating it to Gandhi’s struggle against the caste system in India. The Italian Constitution embraces the concept of equality not only before the law, but also in the removal of economic and social obstacles that prevent the effective enjoyment of rights by all citizens.Special attention is devoted to Article 11 of the Constitution, which repudiates war as an instrument of offence against the freedom of other peoples and promotes peace and international cooperation. This principle is closely linked to the Gandhian philosophy of non-violence, which rejects the use of force not only in the personal sphere, but also in international relations, proposing instead dialogue and diplomacy as tools for conflict resolution.The article also explores the principle of the presumption of innocence, enshrined in Article 27 of the Italian Constitution, in contrast to the repressive practices of authoritarian regimes, both colonial and fascist, which assumed the guilt of anyone who opposed the established power. It is emphasised that the Italian Constitution represents an important step towards a fairer justice that respects human dignity.Finally, the role of science and freedom of teaching is examined, with a focus on Article 33 of the Constitution, which guarantees scientific freedom as a pillar of human progress. The article highlights the Gandhian vision of a science at the service of humanity, criticising the use of technology without ethical and human considerations, and arguing for the importance of science education that promotes open debate and respect for divergent opinions.Ultimately, the Italian Constitution, through its fundamental principles, not only reflects the Gandhian vision of a just and peaceful society, but also embodies a relentless commitment to the pursuit of truth. This commitment, like truth itself, is an ongoing journey that requires the active and conscious participation of every citizen to build a society in which justice, equality and human dignity are constantly pursued and realised.

Beyond Legal Measures: A Review of the DRC's Initial Report under the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa

AbstractThe Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol) established a reporting process to monitor compliance. Despite its shortcomings, this process provides an opportunity for states to engage in a frank, constructive and open dialogue with the African Commission on the measures they have adopted to realize women's rights and the challenges they face. The DRC's initial report on implementing the Maputo Protocol provides an opportunity to assess how the country has advanced women's rights. This article notes that the DRC has adopted legislation and policies to comply with some of its obligations under the protocol. However, these have not brought about much transformation in terms of effective enjoyment of rights due to the contested nature of many women's rights and the community's patriarchal mindset. The article argues that states should focus on extra-legal measures that can counteract negative attitudes and beliefs towards women's rights.

Incidencia de los Medios de Comunicación en la Administración de Justicia en Colombia

Este artículo presenta los resultados del proyecto de investigación adelantado por del semillero de Filosofía y Teoría del Derecho de la Universidad Santo Tomás, que se propuso indagar sobre la incidencia de los medios de comunicación en las decisiones judiciales y sus efectos en la recta administración de justicia. La reflexión actual en materia filosófico-jurídica encuentra en las decisiones judiciales uno de los centros de mayor interés. A su vez, la rehabilitación de la filosofía práctica que ha tenido lugar desde hace cerca de cuarenta años ha permitido volver a considerar el goce efectivo de los derechos como finalidad propia de las decisiones judiciales. Para la consecución de dicho fin, los jueces cuentan actualmente con múltiples ayudas, entre ellas, aquellas que les pueden aportar los medios de comunicación cuando cumplen con su función de informar; empero, como sucede con cualquier realidad, cuando se crea distancia respecto de su ser y misión, las consecuencias que se derivan pueden ser negativas; de esta problemática se ocupan estas líneas.

La justicia transicional del posacuerdo con las FARC-EP

Tras doce años de introducido por primera vez el discurso de la justicia transicional en el país, la firma del acuerdo de paz entre el Gobierno nacional y las farc-ep plantea la necesidad de analizar este instrumento, eminentemente político, a la luz del desarrollo de políticas públicas e instrumentos previos sustentados en la justicia transicional y el derecho constitucional a la paz. Para ello se hace un recorrido crítico sobre la justicia transicional en Colombia y la coherencia e integralidad del contenido de las medidas previas, con los postulados y contenidos del acuerdo. Se parte de la hipótesis de que en Colombia existe un marco constitucional transicional que obliga a integrar los esfuerzos en una política de justicia transicional única, concatenada e integral, que garantice la seguridad jurídica de lo pactado, el fortalecimiento institucional y el goce efectivo de los derechos de las víctimas del conflicto armado.

Restitution Judges: A Starting Point for an Agrarian Jurisdiction as a Guarantee of Non-repetition in Colombia

The Colombian government and the main guerrilla, the farc, signed a peace agreement in November 2016. The establishment of an agrarian jurisdiction is one of the settlements they have reached. This article evaluates the already existing capacities the Colombian state has developed, based on an analysis of the ongoing land restitution process. Based on an analysis of some judicial decisions taken in the context of this process, and on three in-depth interviews with judicial operators involved in it, the article makes two main findings: the procedural innovations of the land restitution process and the application of the constitutional precept of the effective enjoyment of rights guarantee the effective access to justice for rural populations and to the social rights aimed at protecting and stabilising their property rights. For these reasons, these features will prove to be useful in the establishment of an agrarian jurisdiction in Colombia that will represent a guarantee of non-repetition.

Arbitration clauses in sport governing bodies’ statutes: consent or constraint? Analysis from the perspective of Article 6(1) of the European Convention on Human Rights

General trend of the growing popularity of alternative dispute resolution is especially visible in the world of sport. There is a perception that arbitration tribunals, particularly the Court of Arbitration for Sport, have exclusive jurisdiction over sport-related disputes. This is enhanced by mandatory arbitration clauses inserted in statutes and bylaws of various sport governing bodies. These are safeguarded by a threat of imposing disciplinary sanctions on those who refrain from fulfilling the said obligations. Due to professionalization of sport and the monopolistic position of international federations, athletes, as well as clubs, have no other choice than to submit their disputes to arbitration. Although, the validity of these provisions can be questioned, they are upheld by the Swiss Federal Supreme Court. Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights shows that private arbitration agreements tainted with constraints contravene the Article 6(1) of the European Convention on Human Rights, specifically the right to access to court. Although the horizontal effect of fundamental rights is limited, the concept of positive obligations allows for concluding that states and their organs, in this case particularly Swiss courts, are obliged to interfere in private relationships to secure the effective enjoyment of rights.

Estado actual de la población víctima de desplazamiento forzado en cuanto al enfoque diferencial de su atención, el derecho a la integridad, la subsistencia mínima y al ingreso economico

El siguiente artículo recoge algunos aspectos de la investigación que sobre el Goce Efectivo de Derechos (Informe GED) elaborara el Observatorio Departamental de Desplazamiento Forzado de Antioquia en 2011. En esta entrega, la tercera de una serie de cuatro, se recogen algunos contenidos, metodologías de la medición, diseño de indicadores y resultados que arrojara el informe GED. En particular, en este aparte se exponen aspectos relativos a la atención de la población víctima del desplazamiento en términos del respeto a su integridad y las garantías para obtener un tratamiento acorde al enfoque diferencial. Así mismo, se tratan los diseños y resultados de la medición de los indicadores sociales sobre garantías de subsistencia mínima y alcance de la cobertura de ingresos económicos y educación en la población de estudio.

Estado actual de los derechos a la identidad, a la vida y la vivienda en la población en víctima del desplazamiento forzado en Antioquia. Segunda entrega de la investigación

The following article is a research report that exposes the methodological design in a series of indicators that allow you to set the state of the Effective Enjoyment of Rights (EER) of the population in situation of displacement in the State of Antioquia. The EER report was made from mandates arising from the Colombian Constitutional Court in the i n t e r e s t o f t h e o v e r c o m i n g o f t h e unconstitutional state of affairs for the attention of the population victim of displacement. In the article, the second in a series of four issues, both the design and the measurement of three indicators will be exposed: right to life, the right to decent housing, and right to identity of the studied population.

The Effective Enjoyment of Rights

Claims of “rights” involve abstraction - to some extent anyway - from immediate social and political context. Academic discussion of the topic very often magnifies the abstraction. At the same time, abstraction is itself sometimes identified as the central “problem” in rights theory - and so becomes the focus of discussion of the topic. It is the focus of Professor Denninger's paper. It is also the focus of mine.

The African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights and the Demystification of Second and Third Generation Rights under the African Charter: Social and Economic Rights Action Center (SERAC) and the Center for Economic and Social Rights (CESR) v. Nigeria

AbstractThis article argues that the decision of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights in the Ogoni case represents a giant stride towards the protection and promotion of economic, social and cultural rights of Africans. This is predicated on the African Commission's finding that the Nigerian Government's failure to protect the Ogoni people from the activities of oil companies operating in the Niger Delta is contrary to international human rights law and is in fact a step backwards since Nigeria had earlier adopted legislation to fulfill its obligation towards the progressive realization of these rights. The findings of the African Commission demonstrate that economic, social and cultural rights are not vague or incapable of judicial enforcement. They also illustrate how the Charter can be interpreted generously to ensure the effective enjoyment of rights. Novel and commendable as the decision is, it is not without its shortcomings. These shortcomings lie in the failure of the Commission to pronounce on the right to development, its silence on the desirability of holding transnational corporations accountable for human rights violations, and the institutional weakness of the Commission in enforcing its decisions.