Effective Law Enforcement Research Articles

Masyarakat Sebagai Pilar Penegakan Hukum: Konstitusi Kritis Warga Negara

This article discusses the role of society as one of the important pillars in law enforcement, particularly in the context of the critical constitution of citizens. This type of research is qualitative research, namely literature study. Data collection is carried out through research literature published through google scholar. Various articles relevant to the focus of research are reviewed and analyzed various findings. In addition, analysis and synthesis are carried out through various relevant book sources. The process of data analysis is carried out qualitatively which consists of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The finding of this study is that people who have a good understanding and awareness of the law can play an active role in supervising and criticizing the implementation of the law by the government and law enforcement officials. Civil society participation is essential to prevent abuse of power and ensure compliance with the constitution. Legal education for the community needs to be improved so that citizens understand their rights and obligations and can participate in the law enforcement process. Community involvement in the legal policy-making process is also needed so that the laws made are in accordance with the needs and sense of justice of the community. Partnerships between governments, law enforcement officials, and civil society are essential to effective and equitable law enforcement

Analysis of Consumer Condition Solvements through Consumer Condsolution Translators

This study aims to analyse the mechanisms of consumer dispute resolution through the Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency (BPSK) in Central Lampung and to measure the effectiveness of such dispute settlement. The research used is a normativeempirical approach. The results of the research show that the settlement of consumer disputes through BPSK can be done through mediation, conciliation, or arbitration according to the agreement of the parties. While a settlement by arbitration still stands aside for the dissatisfied parties to undertake legal action through litigation. The effectiveness of dispute resolution through BPSK can be measured through several factors such as the mechanism of resolution, the credibility of members of the BSPK, the means and facilities available, the complexity of the dispute, as well as success in enforcing the judgment. Stronger legal protection is needed to ensure compliance of business operators with BPSK decisions, with stronger sanctions and more effective law enforcement for violations as well as increased consumer awareness of their rights and the role of BSPK in dispute resolution is needed through more intensive warrened and educational campaigns.

Pedestrian red-light violations and other safety-related behaviours at signalised crosswalks

ABSTRACT In this study, pedestrians’ violation rate at signalised crosswalks and the associated risk factors were investigated. The data for the study were obtained through roadside pedestrian observational surveys at 10 selected crosswalks within Accra Metropolis, Ghana. The associated risk factors for the red-light violations were determined using mixed-effect logistic regression model. The descriptive statistics revealed that the red-light violation rate in the Accra metropolis was approximately 62%. Most (63.5%) of the violations occurred during the evening and on weekends (73.6%). Over 98% of pedestrians demonstrated safety consciousness by way of crossing behaviour before and during crossing by observing oncoming traffic. From the mixed-effect logistics regression model, six independent variables being age, signal cycle length, number of pedestrians crossing at a time, day of the week and pedestrian light observation significantly influenced the risk of red-light violation by pedestrians. Effective law enforcement, education campaigns and engineering measures could be used to reduce the tendency of red-light violations by pedestrians and improve pedestrian safety at signalised crosswalks in the Accra metropolis.

Profitability in rural restaurants and owners' motivation to agritourism: A case from Nepal

AbstractRural Restaurants (RR) are located in rural areas primarily to serve the owner's business interests. However, they also play a crucial role in providing economic opportunities for rural communities and are regarded as a center for rural economy. Rural areas often face challenges such as depopulation due to limited access to public services, inadequate infrastructure, geographical remoteness, economic hardships, educational barriers, and other factors. Thus, this study aims to investigate the profitability of RRs and owners' motivations for agritourism development, as profitability and business expansion are typically positively correlated. Data from 105 samples collected in rural Nepal in 2022 and 2023 were analyzed using Tobit and Ordered Logit regression models, respectively. The study conceptualizes and confirms various contributors to RR profitability, including factors related to the supply side, demand appeal, and those influenced by pandemic‐related factors. Additionally, we explored how owners' motivations for agritourism are influenced by the restaurant's characteristics, quality‐related factors, and other attributes. Policymakers need to support RR owners in developing agritourism initiatives and contribute to quality control through effective enforcement of consumer laws by a responsible and robust quality control team.

Analisis Tindak Pidana Penipuan Online dalam Konteks Hukum Pidana Cara Menanggulangi dan Pencegahannya

Fraud has been around for more than twenty centuries. The world continues to grapple with the devastating impact of financial crime. In this digital age, financial fraud is more sophisticated than ever. This article discusses the origins of fraud, its development, and technological advances in fraud prevention and security. In simple terms, fraud is deception with the intent to illegally gain financial advantage over a person or an entity. It refers to dishonest acts that deprive a person or entity of money or legal rights. Fraud requires the intentional misrepresentation of facts to convince someone to hand over money or property, unlike outright theft, which requires stealth or force. The crime of fraud is a form of crime that harms society financially and psychologically. This research aims to analyze various aspects related to fraud, including the motives of the perpetrators, the methods used, and the impact on victims and society. The impact of this crime is financially, emotionally, and psychologically detrimental to victims, and can undermine public trust in institutions and individuals. Through an in-depth understanding of the motives, methods, and impacts of fraud, this research contributes to the development of more effective prevention and law enforcement strategies. Preventive measures involving public education on the risks of fraud, increased legal awareness, and enhanced cooperation between law enforcement agencies and the private sector can be the first step in combating this phenomenon. In addition, strict and fair law enforcement against fraud perpetrators is also necessary to ensure justice for victims and minimize the possibility of similar crimes occurring in the future.

Crime Prediction Through Collaborative Analysis of Proximate Police Stations Data

Crime prediction is a crucial aspect of law enforcement strategies and crime prevention efforts. Machine learning has emerged as a valuable tool in crime prediction, allowing for more accurate and data-driven forecasting. In this study, we focus on forecasting the number of crimes at Pathumwan Police Station in Thailand. Utilizing criminal records from various police stations across Thailand, we employ the K-Means clustering algorithm to group police stations exhibiting similar crime patterns to the Pathumwan Police Station. The clustering results reveal that Wang Thonglang, Nang Loeng, Dusit, Bang Sue, Thung Maha Mek, Samre, Sutthisan, Pak Khlong San, Bangkok Yai, Bangkok Noi, Makkasan, Bang Yi Ruea, and Talat Phlu Police Station are clustered together with Pathumwan Police Station. Subsequently, we apply the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model to forecast crimes at Pathumwan Police Station. The training dataset comprises paired data from police stations within the same cluster as Pathumwan Police Station. Our findings indicate that combining data from Wang Thonglang, Nang Loeng, Dusit, Bang Sue, Thung Maha Mek, Samre, Sutthisan, Pak Khlong San, Bangkok Yai, Bangkok Noi, Makkasan, Bang Yi Ruea, and Talat Phlu Police Station with Pathumwan Police Station results in lower errors in Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) compared to using only Pathumwan Police Station data. This collaborative approach enhances the accuracy of crime prediction models and contributes to more effective law enforcement strategies.

Legal Protection Against Victims Of Share Results Application Fraud

In the rapidly advancing era of digitalization, digital applications have become an integral part of everyday life, revolutionizing how we communicate, transact, and interact. However, along with these advancements come new challenges related to the misuse of technology, such as fraud that occurs through Share Results apps. This research aims to investigate the legal protection available to victims of fraud that occurs through such applications, recognizing the pressing need to address vulnerabilities in digital transactions. The research method employed is normative juridical, which involves analyzing the applicable laws and court decisions related to similar cases. By delving into legal frameworks and judicial precedents, the study seeks to elucidate the avenues of recourse available to victims of Share Results app fraud. The results of this research underscore the imperative for increased legal awareness among digital app users, improved regulation to respond to technological dynamics, and more effective law enforcement in dealing with digital crimes. Addressing these issues is essential for safeguarding the security and trust of users within an increasingly complex and dynamic digital ecosystem. Ultimately, the protection of Share Results app fraud victims emerges as a pivotal focus in broader efforts to fortify legal safeguards and ensure accountability within digital transactions. This endeavor is crucial for fostering resilience against emerging threats and fostering confidence in digital platforms.

Juridical Analysis of Criminal Acts in Environmental Pollution in Accordance to the 32 Law of 2009 Concerning Protection and Management Environment

This study aims to describe the regulation of criminal acts of environmental pollution in Indonesian positive law and to analyze the responsibility for criminal acts of environmental pollution according to Law Number 32 of 2009. This study uses normative legal research in the form of library research using three types of legal materials, namely primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials, qualitative descriptive research, normative juridical research, statutory and conceptual approaches. The results of the study stated that the regulation of criminal acts of environmental pollution in Indonesian positive law is regulated in Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning the Environment. This law stipulates that if environmental pollution and damage has already occurred, it is necessary to take repressive measures in the form of effective, consistent and consistent law enforcement against environmental pollution and damage that has occurred so as to apply the principle of primum remedium criminal law. The crime of environmental pollution is not only imposed on individual perpetrators of environmental crimes, but also on corporations. In addition, also to customary law communities based on the Constitutional Court decision No. 35/PUU-X/2012 by using conditionality in recognizing the existence of indigenous peoples as legal subjects which are still maintained as long as in reality they still exist and their existence is recognized, and confirmation of their existence is stipulated by Regional Regulations.

Analysis of the Influence of Mood and Emotions on Legal Compliance Levels in Society

<p><em>This research aims to dig deeper into the relationship between mood, emotions, and societal legal compliance. The urgency of research lies in understanding the role of individual moods and emotions in legal compliance in society. Stability, security, and justice in society depend primarily on the level of compliance with the law, and this research highlights that an individual's mood and emotions can be a crucial factor in such compliance behavior. The focus of this research lies in the approach taken in analyzing the relationship between mood, emotions, and legal compliance, in contrast to previous research, which focused more on external factors such as law enforcement or socio-economic characteristics. This research approach method is sociological juridical and focuses on qualitative data. This research provides new insights into how these psychological factors influence legal compliance behavior in society. The finding is that positive moods, such as happiness and peace, promote higher legal compliance, while negative moods, such as anxiety or anger, can reduce legal compliance. The conclusions of this research emphasize the importance of considering psychological aspects in designing effective law enforcement policies and strategies. Understanding how mood and emotions influence legal compliance behavior can improve legal compliance and create a safer and more stable environment.</em></p>

Additional Legal Protection for Corruption Whistleblowers

Corruption represents a breach of the economic rights of society, elevating it beyond mere criminality to the status of an extraordinary offense. Therefore, safeguarding the rights of individuals who report instances of corruption is necessary to ensure their protection. As law enforcement officers, Prosecutors hold the authority to provide legal protection to whistleblowers of corruption, as stipulated in Law Number 13 of 2006 concerning the Protection of Witnesses and Victims (LPSK). Among the various legal protections provided to whistleblowers, maintaining the confidentiality of their identity stands out as the utmost priority. This protection is crucial to ensure effective law enforcement. Hence, safeguarding whistleblowers is important, and to formalize this, law enforcement should be empowered to provide them with the necessary protection.

FSC-certified forest management benefits large mammals compared to non-FSC

More than a quarter of the world’s tropical forests are exploited for timber1. Logging impacts biodiversity in these ecosystems, primarily through the creation of forest roads that facilitate hunting for wildlife over extensive areas. Forest management certification schemes such as the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) are expected to mitigate impacts on biodiversity, but so far very little is known about the effectiveness of FSC certification because of research design challenges, predominantly limited sample sizes2,3. Here we provide this evidence by using 1.3 million camera-trap photos of 55 mammal species in 14 logging concessions in western equatorial Africa. We observed higher mammal encounter rates in FSC-certified than in non-FSC logging concessions. The effect was most pronounced for species weighing more than 10 kg and for species of high conservation priority such as the critically endangered forest elephant and western lowland gorilla. Across the whole mammal community, non-FSC concessions contained proportionally more rodents and other small species than did FSC-certified concessions. The first priority for species protection should be to maintain unlogged forests with effective law enforcement, but for logged forests our findings provide convincing data that FSC-certified forest management is less damaging to the mammal community than is non-FSC forest management. This study provides strong evidence that FSC-certified forest management or equivalently stringent requirements and controlling mechanisms should become the norm for timber extraction to avoid half-empty forests dominated by rodents and other small species.

The Damage of the Shadow Economy: The Urgency of Addressing Foreign Bribery in Indonesia

Foreign bribery is a crime that occurs when an individual or company gives, promises, or offers something of value to a foreign official or person holding a public position in another country to obtain or retain a business advantage. This research explores the negative impact of the shadow economy, with a special focus on the practice of foreign bribery in Indonesia. This study uses a normative juridical approach. Researchers analyze and process collected materials qualitatively to classify legal materials and content analysis. The study's findings indicate that foreign bribery, a form of corruption involving illegal transactions between companies and foreign officials, is one manifestation of the shadow economy. This phenomenon threatens Indonesia's economic stability, social justice, and institutional integrity. Foreign bribery is against the principles of Pancasila, the Indonesian nation's basic ideology. This practice produces social and economic injustice by benefiting some people while harming others, often the most vulnerable. Indonesia needs urgent action to combat foreign bribery and its negative impact on the shadow economy. Through regulation of foreign bribery, effective law enforcement, and public education about the dangers of foreign bribery, Indonesia can strengthen the principles of Pancasila and build a more just and prosperous society.

Penegakan Hukum Peraturan Daerah Nomor 11 Tahun 2015 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Reklame di Kabupaten Kendal Oleh Satuan Poisi Pamong Praja

In the business world, advertising plays a crucial role in the success of a company's marketing of goods and services. Billboards, banners, and advertising banners on the streets have become common as effective tools for introducing products or services to the public. This research employs a qualitative method with a focus on advertising enforcement by the Regional Police Unit in Kendal Regency. This approach allows for a direct relationship between the researcher and the respondents. The results indicate that the enforcement of advertising laws in accordance with Regional Regulation Number 11 of 2015 has been implemented. Preventive law enforcement methods are utilized, such as verbal warnings to individuals who violate regulations by placing advertisements in unauthorized locations. Despite effective law enforcement, there are still issues with some individuals not fully complying with the regulations. Some prohibited advertisements mandated by the government remain in place, indicating suboptimal implementation of these regulations. In such cases, non-compliant advertisements can be dismantled in accordance with the rules established in the Regional Regulation of Kendal Regency.

The Role of the Police Force as a Law Enforcement Agency in Preventing Drug Trafficking in the Sea Routes of North Maluku Province Indonesia

This research aims to examine the role of the police force in enforcing the law on drug trafficking via sea routes in North Maluku Province, Indonesia. It also aims to analyze the factors that hinder the effective law enforcement against drug abuse in North Maluku Province. This was empirical legal research which was conducted by studying the legal reality in the field. Indonesia is a great potential market for drugs. North Maluku province becomes one of the gateways to smuggle drugs into Indonesia via sea routes. Unfortunately, the authorities that have the authority to carry out action or prevention have not performed as expected. Therefore, the involvement of the community, especially fishermen in this area, is a necessity. There must also be the support of other authorities such as the National Narcotics Agency (BNN) and the Indonesian National Navy, to prevent the spread of drugs in North Maluku.

Penegakan Hukum, Sanksi dan Kendala Dari Pelanggaran Peraturan Daerah Nomor 13 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pengelolaan Sampah di Kabupaten Kendal

Waste management is still an unresolved problem to this day. This research aims to examine problems in waste management in Kendal Regency. This research is normative legal research with a statutory approach. Data was collected using literature studies and analyzed qualitatively. Kendal Regency has several laws and regulations related to waste management, especially Regional Regulation Number 13 of 2012 concerning Waste Management and several other laws and regulations. Law enforcement in waste management refers to three legal systems which are a combination of structural, material and cultural components. Apart from that, related to law enforcement in waste management, it can be studied from 2 sides, namely preventive and repressive law enforcement. Even though a strong legal basis has been provided by regional regulations, the implementation of sanctions still faces problems. The main obstacles are low public awareness, limited resources, and technical problems in waste management infrastructure. Sanctions applied for violations of regulations include verbal warnings, written warnings and fines. Sanctions have not been able to provide significant deterrence, according to the evaluation. Therefore, this research provides suggestions for improving the law enforcement system, increasing public awareness, and overcoming technical problems so that Regional Regulation Number 13 of 2012 in Kendal Regency can be better implemented in terms of sustainable waste management. Effective law enforcement can help create a clean, healthy and sustainable environment while ensuring that each party is responsible for waste management.

Penegakan Hukum, Sanksi dan Kendala Dari Pelanggaran Peraturan Daerah Nomor 13 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pengelolaan Sampah di Kabupaten Kendal

Waste management is still an unresolved problem to this day. This research aims to examine problems in waste management in Kendal Regency. This research is normative legal research with a statutory approach. Data was collected using literature studies and analyzed qualitatively. Kendal Regency has several laws and regulations related to waste management, especially Regional Regulation Number 13 of 2012 concerning Waste Management and several other laws and regulations. Law enforcement in waste management refers to three legal systems which are a combination of structural, material and cultural components. Apart from that, related to law enforcement in waste management, it can be studied from 2 sides, namely preventive and repressive law enforcement. Even though a strong legal basis has been provided by regional regulations, the implementation of sanctions still faces problems. The main obstacles are low public awareness, limited resources, and technical problems in waste management infrastructure. Sanctions applied for violations of regulations include verbal warnings, written warnings and fines. Sanctions have not been able to provide significant deterrence, according to the evaluation. Therefore, this research provides suggestions for improving the law enforcement system, increasing public awareness, and overcoming technical problems so that Regional Regulation Number 13 of 2012 in Kendal Regency can be better implemented in terms of sustainable waste management. Effective law enforcement can help create a clean, healthy and sustainable environment while ensuring that each party is responsible for waste management.

Methodology on Development of Less Lethal Safety Device Stun Stick

Abstract: The use of electroshock weapons, such as TASERS, has become widespread among defence agencies, including police departments and prison guards. It serves as a means to immobilize individuals and maintain control. Despite their effectiveness, these devices have a very long history of accidents, some of which have resulted in severe, and occasionally lethal, injuries. Acknowledging these inherent risks, there is a urgent need to explore alternatives that balance effectiveness with safety. This project introduces the concept of a "Stun Stick" as a potential less-lethal weapon, aiming to address the shortcomings of traditional electroshock devices. The Stun Stick offers the prospect of enhanced safety for both officers and subjects while preserving the imperative need for effective law enforcement tools. This discussion delves into the design, functionality, and potential benefits of the Stun Stick, advocating for a shift towards its consideration in the ongoing discourse surrounding lesslethal options for law enforcement agencies.

Принципи правового регулювання інституту державної служби

The article analyzes the principles of legal regulation of the civil service institute. The ontological, axiological and praxeological value of the civil service institution, its actualization in the context of Ukraine's European integration efforts, has been proven. It is indicated that today this institution becomes not only an internal mechanism of legitimate, democratic control over the effective exercise of power, but also achieves the necessary functions of transformation of the entire state-power apparatus by improving the power system and bringing it closer to European management standards. The basic principles of legal regulation of the civil service are defined as key standards for the normalization of this institution's functioning of the power system, in particular: legality and legal obligation, which provides that the institution's functioning should be based on clear normative acts and relevant legal norms; transparency and justice, indicates that the process of making state-authority decisions should be open and transparent, include guaranteed opportunities to participate in the process, providing a guarantee for presenting one's position, as well as ensuring the right to defense and the possibility of appealing the decision; confidentiality and protection of personal data, which consists in the fact that all data related to public service must be protected from unauthorized access and use; taking into account the specifics of the activity, it is assumed that when implementing legal and organizational-management measures, one should take into account the specifics of work and foreign-political and internal factors of labor relations; the principle of responsibility of civil servants to society. By creating a complex set of basic principles, they form a matrix of legal regulation of the civil service institution, contribute to an effective and fair rule-making and law enforcement (law enforcement) process in the researched area. The principles guarantee the provision of high standards of behavior of employees and provide a reliable mechanism for monitoring compliance with legal and ethical norms, form an institutional and organizational mechanism for the efficiency and independence of the power system, and are factors in increasing public trust in the decisions of authorities and improving the quality of public administration.

Tracing the Continued Existence of Ulayat Land: Granting Management Rights in the Context of Protecting the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

AbstractThe issue of granting management rights over ulayat land to third parties is still being debated. Management rights originating from communal land are contrary to the concept of the management right itself. Management rights, which are part of the authority of State control rights, are contradicted by management rights that can originate from ulayat land because indigenous peoples have ulayat rights on the ulayat land. For ulayat land that still has the status of ulayat rights of indigenous peoples, if given management rights, the ulayat rights must be released by the indigenous peoples. Thus, the communal land becomes free state land. The granting of management rights on ulayat land is becoming increasingly relevant and complex. Several changes related regulations have raised significant questions regarding the existence of ulayat land and its impact on the sustainability of the lives of indigenous peoples. To accelerate the economy, the government needs to pay attention to the ulayat rights of indigenous peoples over their ulayat land and ensure that these rights are protected and respected. The government also needs to ensure that effective national law enforcement mechanisms are in place to resolve ulayat land disputes. As a result of the granting of HPL on ulayat land, legal uncertainty arises. The existence of ulayat land for indigenous peoples is very important in maintaining the identity, culture, and sustainability of indigenous peoples. Ulayat rights protect the rights of ownership and management of communal land by indigenous peoples so that they can continue cultural practices, traditions, and customs that have existed since the time of their ancestors.Keywords: Management Rights; Ulayat Land; Indigenous People.

ANALYSIS OF LEGAL PROTECTION OF BANKING CUSTOMER DATA IN REVIEW OF LAW NUMBER 8 OF 1999 CONCERNING CONSUMER PROTECTION

The protection of banking customer data is increasingly important along with the advancement of information technology and the adoption of electronic banking services by the public. Although Law No. 8/1999 on Consumer Protection (UUPK) already exists, it only regulates consumer protection in general and does not specifically regulate the protection of banking customer data. In practice, the implementation of the GCPL is also limited due to the lack of sanctions for customer data breaches. Therefore, this paper examines the international standard personal data regulation that refers to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) to understand more about customer data protection. This paper aims to analyze the legal protection provided to banking customer data in the context of Law No. 8/1999 on Consumer Protection. By examining the provisions of the law, this paper attempts to evaluate the extent to which the existing regulations have been able to effectively protect banking customer data. The analysis shows that although Law No. 9/1999 provides a legal basis for consumer protection in general, the specific protection of banking customer data still needs to be strengthened through more specific regulations and more effective law enforcement mechanisms