Effective Compliance Research Articles

Navigating Legal Responsibilities in Chinese Private Equity Investments: A Comprehensive Study on Human Resource Management Practices

Human Resource Management (HRM) plays a pivotal role in the success and sustainability of ventures, particularly within the complex domain of Chinese private equity investments. This study delves into the multifaceted legal responsibilities inherent in HRM practices within this context, aiming to provide comprehensive insights essential for effective organizational management and compliance. Drawing upon specific Chinese laws, empirical data, and relevant citations, the study scrutinizes crucial areas such as employment law compliance, corporate governance obligations, adherence to industry-specific regulations, and compliance with international labor standards. Through a detailed examination of key legal obligations and regulatory frameworks, the research illuminates the challenges faced by human resource professionals and private equity firms in China, offering valuable insights for practitioners and organizational leaders alike. By emphasizing proactive compliance initiatives and the significance of ethical labor practices, this study contributes to the cultivation of a regulatory-aware and ethically conscious environment conducive to organizational success in the dynamic landscape of Chinese private equity investments.

Integration of Social Network Analysis in the Evaluation of Advertising Communication Effectiveness and Legal Compliance

A fuzzy genetic algorithm (FGA) is a hybrid optimization technique that combines the principles of fuzzy logic with genetic algorithms (GAs). Both fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms are powerful tools for optimization and decision-making in complex, uncertain environments. A Fuzzy Genetic Algorithm (FGA) can be a valuable approach for Social Network Analysis (SNA), where the complexity of social interactions often involves uncertainty and imprecision. This paper proposes an innovative approach to evaluate advertising communication effectiveness and legal compliance by integrating Social Network Analysis (SNA) with Sugeno Fuzzy Genetic Network Analysis (SF-GNA). By combining SNA's insights into communication dynamics and SF-GNA's ability to model complex relationships, the proposed framework offers a comprehensive assessment of advertising campaigns. The integration of SNA enables the identification of influential nodes and communication pathways within social networks, shedding light on the dissemination and reception of advertising messages. Concurrently, SF-GNA facilitates the analysis of legal compliance by assessing the fuzzy relationships between advertising content and regulatory requirements. Social Network Analysis identified key influencers within the network, with nodes A, B, and C demonstrating high centrality scores of 0.85, 0.79, and 0.76, respectively. SF-GNA evaluated the effectiveness of advertising messages, with a membership value of 0.92 indicating strong alignment with consumer preferences and engagement. SF-GNA analyzed the compliance of advertising content with regulatory standards, yielding a compliance score of 0.88, indicating adherence to legal requirements. With Specific regulatory aspects, such as truthfulness and data privacy, were evaluated with membership values of 0.90 and 0.85, respectively, indicating robust compliance.

Construction of Enterprise Financial Compliance Management System in the Context of Digital Taxation

In the context of digital taxation, constructing an enterprise financial compliance management system is an important means to ensure compliance with tax regulations, optimize tax management, and improve economic efficiency. As a crucial component of modern tax administration, "digital taxation" imposes new requirements on enterprise financial compliance management. This paper aims to explore how to construct an effective enterprise financial compliance management system under the backdrop of "digital taxation" to enhance the quality of accounting information and financial compliance, thereby reducing financial and tax risks and promoting the sustainable development of enterprises.

Do tax audits have a dynamic impact? Evidence from corporate income tax administrative data

Making use of a unique administrative data set consisting of the universe of administrative filings in Rwanda, this paper investigates the impact of tax audits on businesses’ reporting behaviour. The evidence suggests that tax audits have a positive impact on corporate income and corporate tax liabilities reported for three years after the start of the audit process. The results also suggest that the type of audit matters. While ‘comprehensive’ tax audits have a significant positive effect on compliance, ‘narrow-scope’ tax audits exhibit both a positive and a negative effect during a three-year period after the audit, with the net impact being negative. The implication of this, from a tax compliance perspective, is that ‘narrow-scope’ audits are ineffective and that doing more of those and less of comprehensive ones might have a negative impact on tax compliance. Effective tax compliance strategy therefore requires the careful evaluation of all types of audits.

Impact of transcranial electrical stimulation on serum neurotrophic factors and language function in patients with speech disorders.

Speech disorders have a substantial impact on communication abilities and quality of life. Traditional treatments such as speech and psychological therapies frequently demonstrate limited effectiveness and patient compliance. Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) has emerged as a promising non-invasive treatment to improve neurological functions. However, its effectiveness in enhancing language functions and serum neurofactor levels in individuals with speech disorders requires further investigation. To investigate the impact of TES in conjunction with standard therapies on serum neurotrophic factor levels and language function in patients with speech disorders. In a controlled study spanning from March 2019 to November 2021, 81 patients with speech disorders were divided into a control group (n = 40) receiving standard speech stimulation and psychological intervention, and an observation group (n = 41) receiving additional TES. The study assessed serum levels of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and nerve growth factor (NGF), as well as evaluations of motor function, language function, and development quotient scores. After 3 wk of intervention, the observation group exhibited significantly higher serum levels of CNTF, GDNF, BDNF, and NGF compared to the control group. Moreover, improvements were noted in motor function, cognitive function, language skills, physical abilities, and overall development quotient scores. It is worth mentioning that the observation group also displayed superior performance in language-specific tasks such as writing, reading comprehension, retelling, and fluency. This retrospective study concluded that TES combined with traditional speech and psychotherapy can effectively increase the levels of neurokines in the blood and enhance language function in patients with speech disorders. These results provide a promising avenue for integrating TES into standard treatment methods for speech disorders.

Are firms getting the message? Record-keeping obligations related to off-channel messaging

Several high-profile enforcement actions and significant fines brought against notable financial institutions for violations of record-keeping requirements relating to electronic communications continue to foster discussions throughout the financial services industry. This paper seeks to provide a timeline of the most notable regulatory activity and enforcement actions taken against firms. Secondarily, this paper will discuss the regulatory requirements for record-keeping and electronic communications as they relate to broker-dealers and registered investment advisers, while also highlighting significant differences between the two sets of requirements. Lastly, this paper provides guidance for financial services firms on implementing an effective compliance framework for establishing record-keeping controls that could potentially aid firms in meeting their regulatory obligations.

The role of compliance in the operation of credit institutions

The aim of this article is to present a conceptual framework for compliance with legal and ethical standards in the business environment, with a particular focus on the role and current challenges of internal control. The paper describes systems and methods for developing effective compliance risk management strategies. The paper presents the importance of an organization’s internal control systems through a literature review. It shows how compliance tools can be used to prevent harmful processes and how to deal with abuses such as money laundering. Finally, the article outlines new compliance challenges, such as the indirect effects of the Russia-Ukraine war and the challenges of implementing sanctions.

Features of state regulation of defense procurements

The article is devoted to the consideration of state regulation in the field of public procurement, in particular in the defense-industrial complex. The main law defining the basic principles and mechanisms of procurement is the Law of Ukraine «On Public Procurement». However, during the period of martial law, many changes were made in the procedures and mechanisms of public procurement, changes were already made more than once, through the adoption of separate laws and by-laws. The article analyzes the peculiarities of the application of public procurement mechanisms in certain sectors of the economy, in particular the defense-industrial complex. The necessity of modernization and improvement the procurement procedures for successful and effective compliance with the principles of competition and overcoming corruption, and other principles stipulated by legislation, is argued. Mechanisms for conducting procurement procedures are analyzed as one of the key elements of increasing the effectiveness of state economic policy, which is based, in particular, on the principles of fair competition, openness and transparency, non-discrimination of participants, objectivity and impartiality of evaluation of tender offers.
 It is substantiated that it is important to borrow international procurement experience to ensure compliance of national legislation with EU legislation. The issue of ensuring the appropriate level of defense capability of Ukraine in the conditions of countering full-scale military aggression on the territory of Ukraine by the Russian Federation is quite acute. A pressing challenge now is to ensure the rational spending of budget funds and the effective functioning and development of the state defense procurement system. It has been proven that the mechanism for the redistribution of budget funds should have the most transparent order of organization and the order of execution of the concluded procurement contract, which in the case of defense procurement involves reducing the number of closed procurements, excessive secrecy, increasing competitive procedures in the procurement of imported products and services, further improving pricing, canceling profit limits, accounting for inflation and life cycle cost.
 It is argued that consideration of physical, economic and informational security requirements is extremely important. It is about compliance with the principles of protecting customers from military threats, ensuring the simplification of public procurement by reducing the terms of the procurement procedure and simplifying the requirements for procedure participants, the effectiveness of the procurement process and the efficiency of the use of funds, primarily through the involvement of domestic entrepreneurs in tenders and ensuring the development of the domestic market, stability and defense capability.

Judicialización sanitaria y acción de la Defensoría Pública en un caso de insumo no incorporado: la demanda de Cannabidiol en la Defensoría Pública Federal de Salvador/Ba em la última década

Objective: To evaluate the performance of the Federal Public Defender's Office and the effectiveness of the juridification of health, as an instrument to guarantee access to the right, in the case of a non-standardized input (Cannabidiol), in the Salvador/Bahia unit. Methodology: a descriptive study with application of retrospective longitudinal method was carried out on the number of Cannabidiol claims that have reached the unit since the index case admitted in Brazil in 2014, its annual evolution and destination in the institution and in the court, until 2023. Results and discussion: there was a systematic growth in the number of cases, which doubled annually, especially from 2018 onwards, except in 2021. The percentage of judicialized lawsuits was about 59%, and, among those, more than half obtained a favorable decision in some instance, reaching 76% from the merit sentences. The time between the arrival of the applicant, the gathering of documents and the filing of the action was, on average, 2.4 months, and the average interval between the filing of the initial petition and the intimation of the anticipation decision, in the cases where it was granted, was 2 months. On the other hand, the interval between the intimation of the anticipatory decision and the effective compliance oscillated around 9.2 months, only being obtained through judicial blocking in almost 70% of the cases. Conclusion: it was found that the defense was swift, as soon as the necessary documents were gathered, as well as the injunctions granted. On the other hand, the time of compliance after the concession decision showed an alarmingly long interval, resulting in a new form of ineffectiveness of the social right to health, which the judicialization aimed precisely to combat. Submission: 11/30/23| Review: 01/29/24| Approval: 01/30/24

Rights of nature, defense and warranty; legal and social analysis in communities of Azuay

The study in seven communities in the province of Azuay in Ecuador, had goal determining the knowledge of populations of rights of nature, citizen participation, social control and if there are infringement of this, analyzed legally and socially the rights of participation in relationship with rights of Nature enforcement and guarantee, the rights of participation as an element necessary for effective compliance of rights of nature, through quantitative and qualitative analysis. The majority of population considers that they know about rights, four of the communities do not that these rights are enshrined in the Constitution, it is meaning that they do know, generate a limiting for reach the defense it. It found the necessity to educate for protect and defend the rights of nature, to know the rights, as a requirement of the defense for the appropriation of the norms and participation tools, as a citizen

Design and analysis of three-dimensional chiral metamaterials for enhanced torsional compliance

Three-dimensional (3D) chiral structures are a subset of mechanical metamaterials known for their distinctive deformation characteristics, including the presence of auxetic and compression–torsion coupling behaviors. In this study, a novel 3D chiral metamaterial with high torsional compliance was designed. A gammadion-shaped chiral cell comprising inclined ligaments was incorporated into the chiral structure for enhanced torsional compliance. Finite element analyses (FEAs) were performed to demonstrate that the proposed chiral structure outperformed other chiral structures in terms of torsional compliance. Furthermore, FEAs were performed to investigate the influence of the slenderness ratio and ligament diameter of the chiral structure, on attaining a maximum torsional compliance of 18.6° N−1. These 3D chiral structures were fabricated using additive manufacturing techniques, and experimental validations were performed to observe and confirm the compression–torsion coupling behaviors. To further expand the utility of these 3D chiral structures, statistical analyses were conducted to establish regression models for effective density and torsional compliance, as functions of the slenderness ratio and ligament diameter. These regression models can enhance the applicability of the proposed chiral structures in the development of versatile functional components that require compression–torsion coupling behaviors.

Effects of constructing vestibular rehabilitation exercise platform based on BS model on vertigo symptoms, balance ability and anxiety of vertigo patients

Objective:To explore the effect of vestibular rehabilitation exercise platform based on browser server（BS） mode on vertigo symptoms, balance ability and anxiety of vertigo patients. Methods:The clinical data of 110 patients with vertigo in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The patients who received routine vestibular rehabilitation exercise from March 2019 to may 2020 were set as the control group （55 cases）, and the patients who received vestibular rehabilitation exercise platform guidance based on BS mode from June 2020 to December 2021 were set as the study group （55 cases）. The scores of Fugl Meyer balance assessment scale（FMA）, hospital anxiety and Depression Scale（had）, vertigo disorder scale（DHI）, quality of life scale（SF-36）, vertigo visual analog scale（VAS）, Berg Balance Scale（BBS）, rehabilitation treatment effect and rehabilitation exercise compliance were compared between the two groups. Results:before rehabilitation exercise, there was no significant difference in the scores of DHI, VAS, FMA, BBS, had and SF-36 between the two groups（P>0.05）. After 3 months of exercise, the scores of DHI, had and vas in the study group were lower than those in the control group, and the scores of FMA, BBS and SF-36 in the study group were higher than those in the control group（P<0.05）. The excellent and good rate of rehabilitation efficacy and treatment compliance rate in the study group were higher than those in the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion:The vestibular rehabilitation exercise platform based on CS mode can improve the limb movement and balance ability of patients with vertigo, reduce the vertigo symptoms and psychological anxiety, and improve the rehabilitation treatment effect and compliance of patients.

Does digitalization affect shariah supervisory board efficiency? Evidence from Islamic banks

Purpose This study aims to examine how digitalization affects the work efficiency of the Shariah Supervisory Board (SSB) in Islamic banks. Design/methodology/approach This study uses panel data analysis of annual report disclosures over the past 10 years. The authors have selected 79 Islamic banks for the period ranging from 2012 to 2021. The criteria for SSB efficiency used in this research are disclosure of Zakat and disclosure in the SSB report. Findings The econometric results show that digitalization has a positive effect on improving the work efficiency of the SSB in Islamic banks. Accordingly, the authors provide evidence that the higher the bank's digital engagement, the higher the quality of the SSB. Originality/value The findings highlight the need to improve the current understanding of SSB structures and governance mechanisms that can better assist Islamic banks in engaging in effective compliance with recent governance and accounting reforms. Moreover, Islamic banks are the most capable and appropriate to implement and activate digitalization because they are based on a vital root calling for development if there are executives believing in it, as well as legislation supporting and serving them.

Seven-Day Vonoprazan-Based Triple Therapy as First-Line Helicobacter pylori Treatment in Comparison With Extended Sequential Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Vonoprazan, a potassium-competitive acid blocker, has demonstrated greater potency and a longer duration of acid suppression when compared to the proton pump inhibitors. However, data regarding the comparison between vonoprazan-based triple therapy with standard treatment for first-line Helicobacter pylori treatment are limited. This study aimed to compare the efficacy between 7-day vonoprazan-based triple therapy with high-dose amoxicillin (VAC-7) and 14-day extended sequential therapy (S-14). This was a single-center prospective randomized controlled trial following a noninferiority design. Subjects over 20 years old with confirmed H. pylori infection were enrolled prospectively from Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital. They were randomly assigned to the VAC-7 or S-14 group. The primary endpoint was the eradication rate in first-line treatment, evaluated by urea breath test, with noninferiority determined using the Farrington-Manning method. The secondary outcome included adverse effect rates and compliance, assessed through self-administered questionnaires. Between December 2021 and June 2023, a total of 628 patients were recruited. The eradication rates by per-protocol analysis and intention-to-treat analysis were 88.6%/81.8% for VAC-7 and 90.3%/81.4% for S-14, respectively. The VAC-7 was non-inferior to S-14 in terms of ITT analysis. Subjects experienced fewer incidences of nausea, anorexia, dizziness, fatigue, and any severe adverse events in the VAC-7 group. Compliance was higher in the VAC-7 group, with 94% taking all the pills correctly. Our findings supported the use of 7-day vonoprazan triple therapy with high-dose amoxicillin as the standard first-line treatment for H. pylori infection. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05371249.

Economic and Legal Basis of Implementation of Compliance in Business Processes of Enterprises

Background: In today's economic world, an effective compliance doctrine is a mandatory component of the management portfolio of any reputable business structure. Currently, compliance strategy is being implemented in all countries of the globalised world, but in different ways: in some countries, actively and comprehensively, and in others, passively and fragmentedly. This study, using analytical and statistical methodological approaches, explains why compliance is implemented differently in businesses around the world. The authors evaluate the effectiveness of the leading types of compliance (anti-corruption, criminal law, environmental, financial, and labour) in the economies of OECD countries and other countries. The authors also substantiate that to strengthen the political will of governments, especially those of developing countries, to extend compliance into the national business environment, it is necessary to develop a national strategic document on the phased implementation of the compliance system in business processes of enterprises, as well as to develop an international document of general application (in the form of a UN Convention) to promote more active implementation of all types of compliance by governments around the world. Methods: The methodological apparatus of legal and economic sciences was used to study the compliance doctrine. The methodological apparatus of the study included mathematical calculation methods and graphical methods for assessing the degree of compliance implementation in countries of the world, probabilistic methods for providing recommendations for management actions and testing for clustering countries of the world. The study also uses special legal methods: formal legal methods for classifying the main features of the compliance phenomenon, comparative legal methods for comparing compliance regulation in different countries, and logical legal methods for improving legal regulation of compliance as a means of the economic well-being of enterprises. Results and Conclusions: The article reveals the content of business process compliance; assesses the effectiveness of this instrument in the economies of OECD member states, the EU and other countries in priority areas; develops proposals for regulation, including legislative regulation and implementation of compliance at the international, national and enterprise levels in the context of digitalisation and sustainable development.

Enhanced Zero Trust Implementation - A Novel Approach for Effective Network Policy Management and Compliance Tracking

Abstract: The Zero Trust network architecture is an embodiment of the Zero Trust security model, and is progressively being utilized for the improvement of security standards of the current security infrastructures. Fine-grained access control is one of the primary principles of developing zero trust solutions, in which it is expected to manage an overwhelming amount of security policies. Managing the compliance of policies at fine grain level is thus necessary for utmost security stature. This paper aims at developing a novel approach to improve the task of policy management workflow and compliance tracking

Determining the nurses' perception regarding the effectiveness of COVID-19 protocols implemented in Eastern Province: Saudi Arabia.

The global impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been profound, affecting public health, the global economy, and overall human life. Past experiences with global pandemics underscored the significance of understanding the perception of HCWs and hospital staff in developing and implementing preventive measures. The World Health Organization (WHO) provided protocols to manage the spread of COVID-19 and assist healthcare workers and health systems globally in maintaining high-quality health services. This study aims to assess nurses' perception, awareness, and compliance regarding the implementation of COVID-19 protocols and explore factors influencing their perception. A quantitative cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted, distributing a constructed survey among nurses in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Out of 141 participants, most adhered to protocols such as hand sanitization, social distancing, and proper personal protective equipment (PPE) usage. The predominant age group among respondents was 31 to 40 years (n = 71, 50%). A significant portion of participants reported holding a bachelor's degree (n = 86, 61%), with only 14% possessing advanced degrees (n = 19). Nearly a third of the nurses in the study had accumulated 6 to 10 years of professional experience (n = 49, 34.8%). A noteworthy percentage of nurses were engaged in daily shifts exceeding 8 h (n = 98, 70%). Gender differences were observed, with females exhibiting a higher tendency to avoid shaking hands and social gatherings. Saudi nationals were more inclined to shake hands and engage in gatherings. Non-Saudi nurses and those aged between <25 to 40 years demonstrated proper donning/doffing practices. Nurses with over 6 years of experience avoided social gatherings, while those working >8 h adhered better to PPE usage, proper donning/doffing, and disposal of PPE in designated bins. Understanding COVID-19 protocols is crucial for tailoring interventions and ensuring effective compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures among nurses. More efforts should be made toward preparing the healthcare nursing to deal with the outbreak. Preparing healthcare nursing with the right knowledge, attitude, and precautionary practices during the COVID-19 outbreak is very essential to patient and public safety.

Tobacco-free Generation: A Review for Tobacco Endgame

Abstract The early initiation of tobacco use by the youth is the basis to advocate for the tobacco-free generation (TFG). The basis is to prevent the sale and supply of tobacco to individuals born after a certain year or after a specified year. This cohort approach on educating the generations to be tobacco-free was first conceived by an Australian Mathematician Jon Berrick. This is based on the concept of rite of passage that connects smoking to adulthood and encourages youth approaching that age of smoking. Education and awareness would certainly empower the younger generation to never ever use tobacco. The TFG models have been replicated in Singapore within the set time-bound goals. An integrated and common risk approach with effective compliance and enforcement remains the single best approach in prevention, so is the concept of TFG which also works well with other tobacco control measures through its optimal integration. With this background, we aim to review the concept of TFG toward the endgame of tobacco among the youth to eliminate this existing epidemic. Furthermore, it hopes to provide a deeper understanding about the best practices in the implementation, enforcement, and various challenges associated with compliance of this proposal in various regions of the world toward the endgame.

Synthesis and pharmacological activity of vinpocetine derivatives.

Vinpocetine and its derivatives were extensively employed in the treatment of ischemic stroke, serving as effective cerebrovascular vasodilators. They could also be utilized for neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory purposes, anti-aging interventions, insomnia treatment, and antidepressant effects. However, due to issues such as hepatic first-pass effect, low bioavailability, and poor patient compliance with multiple dosing, the secondary development of Vinpocetine to address these limitations became a prominent area of research. Five primary methodologies were employed for the synthesis of Vinpocetine derivatives. These included substitution on the A ring to modify the 14-ester group, alteration of the 16-ethyl group, simplification of the D and E rings, and modification of the conformation of Vinpocetine. This paper summarized the current synthesis and activity studies of Vinpocetine and its derivatives, with the aim of providing a reference for the discovery of more potent derivatives of Vinpocetine.

An isocratic RP-HPLC-UV method for simultaneous quantification of tizanidine and lidocaine: application to in vitro release studies of a subcutaneous implant.

Implantable devices have been widely investigated to improve the treatment of multiple diseases. Even with low drug loadings, these devices can achieve effective delivery and increase patient compliance by minimizing potential side effects, consequently enhancing the quality of life of the patients. Moreover, multi-drug products are emerging in the pharmaceutical field, capable of treating more than one ailment concurrently. Therefore, a simple analytical method is essential for detecting and quantifying different analytes used in formulation development and evaluation. Here, we present, for the first time, an isocratic method for tizanidine hydrochloride (TZ) and lidocaine (LD) loaded into a subcutaneous implant, utilizing reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled with a UV detector. These implants have the potential to treat muscular spasticity while providing pain relief for several days after implantation. Chromatographic separation of the two drugs was accomplished using a C18 column, with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% TFA in water and MeOH in a 58 : 42 ratio, flowing at 0.7 ml min-1. The method exhibited specificity and robustness, providing accurate and precise results. It displayed linearity within the range of 0.79 to 100 μg ml-1, with an R2 value of 1 for the simultaneous analysis of TZ and LD. The developed method demonstrated selectivity, offering limits of detection and quantification of 0.16 and 0.49 μg ml-1 for TZ, and 0.30 and 0.93 μg ml-1 for LD, respectively. Furthermore, the solution containing both TZ and LD proved stable under various storage conditions. While this study applied the method to assess an implant device, it has broader applicability for analysing and quantifying the in vitro drug release of TZ and LD from diverse dosage forms in preclinical settings.