Compensation Effect Research Articles

Attribution of 2022 August Heavy Precipitation Event in South Korea Using High‐Resolution Pseudo Global Warming Simulations: Sensitivity to Vertical Temperature Changes

AbstractThis study examines the anthropogenic influences on the heavy precipitation event that occurred in early August 2022, South Korea, using a pseudo global warming (PGW) method with a convection‐permitting model. Pseudo global warming experiments for counterfactual natural non‐warming conditions (NAT) were conducted by removing anthropogenic warming patterns from the observations. The anthropogenic warming patterns were estimated from the differences between Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project Phase 6 historical and historical natural‐only simulations. Two NAT experiments were performed by using the multi‐model mean of all nine models (NATT) and the three models with weaker upper tropospheric warming (NATW). The results show that atmospheric moisture is reduced in both NAT experiments compared to the current‐condition experiments, but that enhanced convective instability due to upper tropospheric cooling offsets the effect of moisture reduction, resulting in similar precipitation responses. This compensation effect becomes weak in NATW, indicating the important role of the vertical profile of anthropogenic warming pattern in PGW‐based attribution experiments.

Comparative Of The Effect Of Job Training And Compensation On Employee Performance At XYZ Bank

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan kerja dan kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan serta membandingkan antara variabel bebas mana yang lebih berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan. Populasi penelitian meliputi karyawan pada bank XYZ, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 38 responden. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan jenis komparatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui distribusi kuesioner daring menggunakan Google Form. Proses analisis data dilakukan dengan program SPSS 25. Hasil analisis mengungkapkan pelatihan kerja bepengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, kompensasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, dan pelatihan kerja merupakan variabel yang dominan dalam mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan dibandingkan dengan kompensasi.

Rational Design of Prussian Blue Analogues for Ultralong and Wide-Temperature-Range Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Architecting Prussian blue analogue (PBA) cathodes with optimized synergistic bimetallic reaction centers is a paradigmatic strategy for devising high-energy sodium-ion batteries (SIBs); however, these cathodes usually suffer from fast capacity fading and sluggish reaction kinetics. To alleviate the above problems, herein, a series of early transition metal (ETM)-late transition metal (LTM)-based PBA (Fe-VO, Fe-TiO, Fe-ZrO, Co-VO, and Fe-Co-VO) cathode materials have been conveniently fabricated via an "acid-assisted synthesis" strategy. As a paradigm, the FeVO-PBA (FV) delivers a superb rate capability (148.9 and 56.1 mAh/g under 0.5 and 100 C, respectively), remarkable cycling stability over 30,000 cycles, high energy density (259.7 Wh/kg for the full cell), and a wide operation-temperature range (-60-80 °C). In situ/ex situ techniques and density functional theory calculations reveal the quasi-zero-strain and multielectron redox mechanisms of the FeVO-PBA cathode during cycling, supporting its higher specific capacity and stable cycling. It is considered that the d-d electron compensation effect between Fe and V enhanced the reversibility and kinetics of redox reactions and simultaneously improved the electronic conductivity and structural stability of the FeVO-PBA cathode. This work may pave a new way for the rational design of high-performance cathode materials with bimetallic reaction centers for SIBs.

Board Gender Diversity and Risk Management in Corporate Financing: A Study on Debt Structure and Financial Decision-Making

Purpose: This study examines the role of board gender diversity in shaping corporate financial decisions, particularly in terms of debt structure and risk management. Focusing on the Tehran Stock Exchange, it explores how female representation on boards influences long-term and short-term leverage decisions, focusing on the moderating effect of board compensation. Design/Methodology: Utilising a quantitative ex post facto design, the study analyses data from 114 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2017 and 2021. Multivariate regression techniques, including year- and industry-fixed effects, are employed to investigate the relationship between board gender diversity, debt structure, and risk-taking behaviour. Findings: The results reveal a significant negative relationship between female board representation and long-term debt, suggesting that companies with more female directors tend to adopt more conservative debt structures, thereby reducing risk. Additionally, the findings demonstrate that board compensation moderates this relationship by curbing managerial risk-taking, further improving financial decision-making. Originality/Value: This research provides novel insights into the intersection of board gender diversity and risk management in financial decision-making, particularly in the context of a developing economy like Iran. It also offers practical implications for firms seeking to optimise their debt structures while maintaining sound risk management practices.

Systematic analysis of an attosecond pulse generation by a subcycle laser field

We investigated the influence of subcycle driving fields on high-order harmonic generation (HHG), with a focus on driver's intrinsic chirp, carrier-envelope phase (CEP), and number of laser cycles. Our findings reveal that the center frequency of a laser pulse scales as τ−5/4 with pulse duration τ, and that attochirp exhibits a similar dependence on pulse duration. Additionally, we identified CEP-specific trends in harmonic yield: it increases as τ5/4 for ϕ0=0∘ and decreases as τ−4.1 for ϕ0=−90∘. Although subcycle pulses can generate intense isolated attosecond pulses (IAPs), they also tend to produce higher attochirp and reduced cutoff energies. However, effective compensation for attochirp can mitigate these drawbacks, thereby increasing the capability of subcycle pulses to generate short-duration, high-intensity IAPs. These results offer valuable insights into HHG using subcycle pulses and have important implications for the advancement of ultrafast light sources and the understanding of ultrafast phenomena at the attosecond timescale. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

The Effect of Work Environment, Compensation, and Leadership on Job Satisfaction through Work Motivation as a Mediating Variable

Aims: This study aims to examine the effect of work environment, compensation, and leadership on job satisfaction mediated by work motivation in employees of PT. Pelita Satria Perkasa Depo Pelita Sokaraja. Study Design: This study uses work environment, compensation, and leadership as independent variables, job satisfaction as the dependent variable, and work motivation as the mediating variable. Place and Duration of Study: This research was conducted at retail companies in Banyumas with a population of PT employees. Pelita Satria Perkasa Depo Pelita Sokaraja. The research data used data in 2024. Methodology: This type of research is qualitative—data analysis using Smart Partial Least Square (Smart-PLS) 3.2.9. The population in this study consisted of 200 employees of PT Pelita Satria Perkasa Depo Pelita Sokaraja, who used purposive sampling. The sample of this study amounted to 120 employees based on the Slovin sample size determination formula. This research instrument uses a questionnaire in the form of Google Forms. Results: The study found that the work environment and compensation significantly impact work motivation, while leadership does not. Work motivation, work environment, and leadership all significantly affect job satisfaction, but compensation does not. Work motivation can mediate the effect of work environment and compensation on job satisfaction, but it cannot mediate the effect of leadership on job satisfaction. Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of improving the work environment, compensation, and employee satisfaction to boost productivity and contribute to the company’s long-term success.

Assessing neighbourhood-scale BTI spray applications and laboratory-based mortality testing on Aedes aegypti larval development.

Mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti, pose significant public health risks by transmitting diseases like dengue, zika and chikungunya. Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (BTI) is a crucial larvicide targeting mosquitoes while sparing other organisms and the environment. This study evaluated the effects of sublethal BTI doses on Ae. aegypti larvae regarding mortality, development, adult emergence and size, using a wide-area spray application in an urban neighbourhood. Laboratory experiments with four BTI concentrations (0, 0.008, 0.02 and 0.04 ppm) assessed compensatory and over compensatory responses. The spray achieved over 90% larval mortality within 48 h, but accumulating sublethal doses could trigger compensatory and over compensatory effects, enhancing the fitness of survivors. A dose-response relationship was evident, with higher BTI concentrations leading to increased mortality, reduced longevity and fewer pupae. BTI exposure also skewed the sex ratio towards males and altered adult sizes, potentially affecting population dynamics and vectorial capacity. These findings highlight the effectiveness of BTI in Ae. aegypti control and the importance of understanding compensation, overcompensation and density-dependent effects. While wide-area BTI applications can reach inaccessible breeding sites and offer potent mosquito control, careful consideration of ecological and evolutionary consequences is crucial.

The Effect of Transactional Leadership, Compensation, and Organization Culture on Employee Performance with Work Motivation as a Mediating Variable

This research investigates how transactional leadership, compensation, and organizational culture at Hotel XYZ influence employee performance, with work motivation playing a role as a mediator. A quantitative approach was employed, involving a questionnaire survey of 110 Hotel XYZ employees in Makassar. Data analysis was conducted using the SEM-PLS technique. The findings suggest that transactional leadership does not have a notable impact on employee performance, but compensation and organizational culture play a significant role. Additionally, it is evident that work motivation serves as a mediator for the relationship between organizational culture and employee performance. This research benefits Hotel XYZ by informing strategies to enhance employee performance through a focus on developing organizational culture and work motivation.

Actuator fault diagnosis and severity identification of turbofan engines for steady-state and dynamic conditions

Actuator faults can be critical in turbofan engines as they can lead to stall, surge, loss of thrust and failure of speed control. Thus, fault diagnosis of gas turbine actuators has attracted considerable attention, from both academia and industry. However, the extensive literature that exists on this topic does not address identifying the severity of actuator faults and focuses mainly on actuator fault detection and isolation. In addition, previous studies of actuator fault identification have not dealt with multiple concurrent faults in real time, especially when these are accompanied by sudden failures under dynamic conditions. This study develops component-level models for fault identification in four typical actuators used in high-bypass ratio turbofan engines under both dynamic and steady-state conditions and these are then integrated with the engine performance model developed by the authors. The research results reported here present a novel method of quantifying actuator faults using dynamic effect compensation. The maximum error for each actuator is less than 0.06% and 0.07%, with average computational time of less than 0.0058 s and 0.0086 s for steady-state and transient cases, respectively. These results confirm that the proposed method can accurately and efficiently identify concurrent actuator fault for an engine operating under either transient or steady-state conditions, even in the case of a sudden malfunction. The research results demonstrate the potential benefit to emergency response capabilities by introducing this method of monitoring the health of aero engines.

Enantiomeric C-6 fluorinated swainsonine derivatives as highly selective and potent inhibitors of α-mannosidase and α-l-rhamnosidase: design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship study

Six C-6 fluorinated d-swainsonine derivatives and their enantiomers have been designed based on initial docking calculations, and synthesized from enantiomeric ribose-derived aldehydes, respectively. Glycosidase inhibition assay of these derivatives with d-swainsonine (1) and l-swainsonine (ent-1) as contrasts found that the C-6 fluorinated d-swainsonine derivatives with C-8 configurations as R (α) showed specific and potent inhibitions of jack bean α-mannosidase (model enzyme of Golgi α-mannosidase II); whereas their enantiomers with C-8 configurations as S (β) were powerful and selective α-l-rhamnosidase inhibitors. Molecular docking calculations found the C-6 fluorinatedd-swainsonine derivatives 21, 24 and 25 with highly coincident binding conformations with d-swainsonine (1) in their interactions with the active site of α-mannosidase (PDB ID: 1HWW). Reliability of the docking results were confirmed by Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation. Additionally, solid interactions with residues Gln-392 and Tyr-393 in the active site of α-l-rhamnosidase (PDB ID: 3W5N) were proved to be vital for potent α-l-rhamnosidase inhibitions of the l-swainsonine derivatives. The role of C-6 fluorines in swainsonine derivatives well demonstrated the “mimic effect” of fluorine to hydrogen by minimal influence on the binding conformations and effective compensation for any possible lost interactions. This work contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the fluorinated swainsonines and ever reported branched swainsonines, and has laid good foundation for development of more potent α-mannosidase and α-l-rhamnosidase inhibitors.

Machine learning-based study of dynamic shrinkage behavior during solidification of castings

Shrinkage cavities and porosity are the main defects generated during the solidification process of castings. The cause of these defects is the contraction of the alloy during solidification, with the last regions to solidify not receiving effective compensation from liquid metal, resulting in cavitation defects. Shrinkage cavities and porosity significantly reduce the mechanical properties of castings and shorten their service life, thus necessitating appropriate process elimination measures. Utilizing numerical simulation technology can effectively predict the shrinkage of castings during solidification and optimize the process based on simulation results, thereby reducing the occurrence of shrinkage defects, which is a low-cost and high-efficiency method. This paper presents a machine learning-driven dynamic mesh model to simulate the dynamic shrinkage behavior of castings during solidification. Cellular automata are used to simulate the solidification process of castings, dynamically marking the displacement of boundary points and calculating the displacement of other grids using RBF neural network algorithms and support vector machine algorithms, achieving dynamic simulation of the solidification process. The model was used to simulate the shrinkage cavity morphology of the Al-4.7%Cu alloy solidification process and corresponding casting experiments were designed for verification. Comparisons between simulation and experimental results indicate that this coupled method can effectively capture the deformation of castings caused by solidification shrinkage, the evolution of complex solid-liquid interface morphologies, and the deformation of internal grids within the castings. The simulation results have an error of no more than 2% compared to experimental results, providing a new approach for numerical simulation of the solidification process.

Low-Complexity Model Predictive Control for Series-Winding PMSM with Extended Voltage Vectors

This paper proposes a low-complexity model predictive current control (MPCC) strategy based on extended voltage vectors to enhance the computational efficiency and steady-state performance of three-phase series-winding permanent magnet synchronous motors (TPSW-PMSMs). Compared to conventional MPCC methods, this approach increases the number of candidate voltage vectors in the alpha–beta plane from 8 to 38, thereby achieving better steady-state performance. Specifically, the proposed method reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) by 59%. To improve computational efficiency, a two-stage filtering strategy is employed, significantly reducing the computational burden. The number of voltage vectors traversed in one control period is reduced from 38 to a maximum of 4, achieving an 89% reduction in traversals. Additionally, to mitigate the impact of zero-sequence currents, zero-sequence current suppression is implemented within the control system for effective compensation. By combining low computational complexity, reliable steady-state performance, and real-time control capabilities, this strategy provides an efficient solution for TPSW-PMSM systems. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Influencing Factors of Employment Competitiveness in Relation to the Effects on Compensation of Higher Vocational Graduates Serving Regional Rail Transit Sectors

Studying can offer certain benefits for future careers. However, when applying for jobs that require a rail transit background, applicants often find themselves competing with others who have similar educational backgrounds. In such cases, it is a person's employability, including skills, abilities, and personal qualities, that can make them stand out. This research investigated the factors influencing employment competitiveness and their impact on the compensation of higher vocational graduates in the regional rail transit sector. Data was collected from 310 graduate respondents using a highly reliable and validated questionnaire, employing comparative-correlational methods. The study found that factors such as professional cognition, occupational planning, work experience, hobbies and interests, working attitude and abilities, educational background and professional setting, professional learning practical ability, and student cadre experience all play a role in determining employment competitiveness. Additionally, the personal profiles of the respondents were significant in their evaluations of employment competitiveness. Similarly, compensation factors for rail transit higher vocational graduates, including salary and benefit negotiation, taking on additional responsibilities, developing new skills and qualifications, and advocating for fair compensation practices, also have a significant impact on employment competitiveness. A strong correlation was observed between employment competitiveness factors and compensation effect domains, indicating a positive and significant relationship. These findings serve as a basis for developing career programs in schools to ensure the immediate employment prospects of rail transit graduates.

Supporting Effect and Influence Law of Energy‐Absorbing Rockbolts in Soft Rock Roadway with Large Deformation

AbstractTo clarify the supporting effect and influencing factors of energy‐absorbing rockbolts in soft rock roadways with large deformation, by considering four factors including rock deformation, plastic zone, rockbolt force, and stress of the surrounding rock, comparative analysis of no‐rockbolt, conventional rockbolt, and energy‐absorbing rockbolt schemes is conducted. The effect of the energy‐absorbing rockbolt is analyzed based on a self‐developed numerical simulation program, and a study is conducted on the influence of five factors such as the energy‐absorption starting axial force, ultimate yielding distance on the supporting effect. The results show that: 1) Compared to conventional rockbolts, the energy‐absorbing rockbolts maintain a intact support system and continuously providing support resistance within 75 d of calculation. 2) Energy‐absorbing rockbolts significantly increase the maximum and minimum principal stresses of the roadway. The increase in maximum principal stress significantly enhances the range of the bearing arch in the surrounding rock. Energy‐absorbing rockbolts have a high capacity to compensate for radial stresses unloaded. 3) The greater the energy‐absorption starting axial force, the more significant the compensation effect of the rockbolts on the radial stress. Appropriately increasing the ultimate yielding distance and rockbolt length can effectively prevent rockbolt failure and control the area of plastic zone.

Boosting Employee Performance: The Strategic Role of Satisfaction in Human Resource Quality and Compensation

Banks are financial institutions that act as important intermediaries, especially in financial transactions and the national economy. Banks need to optimize their business performance. The company's business performance cannot be separated from the quality of human resources and the role of employee performance. High-quality human resources and effective compensation are important drivers of employee performance, both directly and through increased job satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the effect of human resource quality and compensation on employee performance with employee satisfaction as a mediating variable. This research was conducted at Rural Bank in Bali. Respondents in this study were 57 employees. The analysis technique in this study is Partial Least Square. The findings of this study: 1) human resource quality has a significant positive effect on employee performance 2) compensation has a significant positive effect on employee performance 3) human resource quality has a significant positive effect on employee job satisfaction 4) job satisfaction can positively and significantly mediate the effect of compensation on employee performance 5) job satisfaction can positively and significantly mediate the effect of human resources on employee performance. The practical implications of the research for human resource managers are to increase employee satisfaction through managing the quality of human resources and providing fair compensation as a strategy to encourage optimal performance. This research also makes a theoretical contribution to understanding the mediating mechanism of employee satisfaction in the context of the relationship between human resource quality, compensation, and employee performance.

Paired nerve stimulation with selective compensation effect.

In this study we investigate the selective compensation of paired peripheral nerves in healthy humans, focusing on distinct axonal conduction velocities in different fibre types. Using paired associative stimulation (PAS) with adjustable parameters, we aimed to modulate and compensate for neuronal activity along the median nerve. Six healthy volunteers (3 male, 3 female, aged: 22-49) participated in the current study. We conducted 30 experiments with the following protocol. A pair of pulses with the following parameters were applied to each volunteer: amplitude, pulse width and inter-pulse delay was generated by the dual-core programmed microcontroller STM32H745xI/G while values were set by one-board computer Jetson Nano. The microcontroller provided a pair of pulses to the DAC that applied it to nerve stimulation sites via a stimulator. During experiments, we used the following ranges: (a) current amplitudes [0-20mA], (b) pulse width [250-500 μs] and (c) delays [50-250 μs]. As the measurement of the stimulation effectiveness, we used the finger's contraction angles. Our findings reveal a significant selective compensation (inhibitory) effect over the motor responses, demonstrated through variations in finger displacement angles. By optimizing individual parameters-pulse width, inter-pulse delay, and compensatory currents-we successfully induced motor response compensation effects. Notably, consistent compensatory effects were observed across all volunteers using a pulse width of (250 μs) and an inter-pulse delay of (50 μs). These results highlight PAS's potential for developing non-invasive neuromodulation devices. However, further research is required to evaluate its efficacy in individuals with spasticity and upper motor neuron deficits.

The Effect of Compensation, Organizational Commitment on Employe Performance Through Organizational Behaviour as Intervening

Performance is important for every organisation, including universities. Various factors influence performance, including compensation, organizational commitment (OC), and organizational behaviour (OB). These factors are the variables in this research. The aim of this research is to determine the effects of compensation and organizational commitment on employee performance through organizational behaviour as the intervention. This research is a quantitative research, using non-probability sampling and using a questionnaire for collecting the data. The research results show that compensation has a direct effect on Employee Performance (EP), Organizational Behavior (OB) has a direct effect on Employee Performance (EP), and Organizational Behavior (OB) can be a variable that links organizational commitment (OC) to Employee Performance (EP).

The Influence of Career Development, Compensation and Organizational Commitment on Turnover Intention (Study at PT. Mega Pasanggrahan Indah Unit Cinere Bellevue Mall)

This study aims to analyze the effect of career development, compensation and organizational commitment on turnover intention. The population in this study were 116 employees of PT. Mega Pasanggrahan Indah Unit Cinere Bellevue Mall. The sample used is 54 employees, calculated based on the Slovin formula. Sampling method using simple random sampling. This research is a type of causal associative research. The instrument of this research used a questionnaire. The data analysis method used in this research is the Smart PLS version 3.0 application. The results of this study prove that career development has a negative and significant effect on turnover intention, compensation has a negative and significant effect on turnover intention, and organizational commitment has a negative and significant effect on turnover intention

Thermal Decomposition Kinetics Analysis and Its Application to Cigarette Flavouring of Methyl Cyclopentenolone Succinate Menthol Diester

ABSTRACTMethyl cyclopentenolone succinate menthol diester (compound 5) was synthesised from methyl cyclopentenolone, menthol and succinic anhydride using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) methods. The thermal decomposition process and kinetic behaviour of the compounds were studied at various heating rates (10°C, 20°C, 40°C, 60°C and 80°C min−1) using thermogravimetry‐derivative thermogravimetry (TG‐DTG), Kissinger‐Akahira‐Sunose (KAS) method, Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa (FWO) method and Coats–Redfern method. The research revealed that TG curves approached the high‐temperature end with increasing heating rates, and the peak temperature of heat loss rate on the DTG curves tended to rise, but the magnitude of the change was smaller than that of heating rate. The apparent activation energy (Ea) of thermal decomposition increased with the conversion rate. The Ea of compound 5 ranged from 77.65 to 154.05 kJ mol−1 and from 82.56 to 156.43 kJ mol−1 calculated by KAS and FWO, respectively. The thermal decomposition process models of the compounds were found to be one‐dimensional diffusion models (D1). The results of the kinetic compensation effect showed that the fitting result of the KAS method was better than that of the FWO method. Pyrolysis results indicated the production of aromatic substances such as methyl cyclopentenolone, menthol and esters. Additionally, the results of cigarette flavouring showed that the smoking quality of cigarettes was improved by adding compound 5. In summary, the findings of this study not only offer insights into the thermal decomposition and development of slow‐release flavours under heated conditions, but also provide valuable references for assessing the thermal stability and utilisation potential of various substances, including biomass.

Structural investigation and red emission intensity enhancement in Sm3+/Eu3+-doped/co-doped KSrPO4 phosphors: effect of charge compensation

Structural investigation and red emission intensity enhancement in Sm3+/Eu3+-doped/co-doped KSrPO4 phosphors: effect of charge compensation