Effect Relationship Research Articles

The importance of principal component analysis for environmental biodiagnostics of Donbass

The ecological situation in the Central Donbas remains tense today and requires timely diagnosis of the state of ecosystems. Major causes of the tense environmental situation in Donbass are high level of industrialization (mining, metallurgical, mining and chemical industries), urbanization, agricultural technologies, landscape transformation and warfare from 2014 to the present. With all the variety of biological and chemical methods in obtaining large numerical information, the importance of mathematical approaches is of particular significance. Using the example of principal component analysis, a method for visualizing data in assessing transformed ecotopes of Donbass has been tested. An attempt has been made to reconstruct some missing data from the list of numerical characteristics. The values of probability and reliability of the data have been established. This allows to have more accurate information in monitoring and assessing the environment in the region. Principal component analysis complements the available cartographic materials, highlights the most significant processes considering general degradation of the state of Donbass ecosystems (by indicator plants Bryum argenteum Hedw., Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid, Amblystegium subtile (Hedw.) Schimp., Centaurea diffusa Lam., Cichorium intybus L., Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip. et al.). The cause and effect relationships in the peculiarities of landscape transformation are grouped in order to further restore the integrity and functionality of the historical and geographical environment.

Assessing pain severity and treatment outcomes in patients with low back pain: A Structural equation modeling approach at the center for the rehabilitation of the Paralysed, Bangladesh.

This study aims to observe the associated risk factors of lower back pain and the factors that increase the pain severity. So, the main objective of this research is to identify the factors which may cause the lower back pain and the causal effect on the pain severity and respective treatment. This study also tries to determine the demographical characteristics of the low back pain patients and determine the inter relationship of psychological health, work stress and treatment effect with the pain disability index. In this cross-sectional study, 200 patients with lower back pain were interviewed who were taking treatments from the physiotherapy department at the Center for the Rehabilitation of the Paralysed, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A quantitative research model has been performed to observe the relationship between different causes of low back pain effects on the patients. Different statistical analysis including structural equation modeling have been performed to observe their pain severity and treatment effect. The study found 64% (128) of the total participants as male and 36% (72) as female among 200 patients of low back pain. The study also observed the highest portion of the patients belong to the age group 39 to 45 years (21.5%). On the basis of BMI, obese weight respondents were 26.5% (53), overweight respondents were 37% (74), normal weight respondents were 33% (66), and underweight respondents were only 3.5% (7). Here, sex, body mass index (BMI), living place and educational status have significant association with pain disability index (PDI). On the other hand, smoking tendency of patients has insignificant relationship (p>0.05) with pain disability index (PDI). The path coefficients of the structural equation model identified that all the null hypotheses of no significant relationship have been rejected for 5% level of significance. The hypothesis of psychological health is positively related to pain severity of a patient has an acceptable strength (β = 0.745, p<0.001) and a positive direction. Another hypothesis (Psychological health is positively related to the treatment of a patient) shows an acceptable strength (β = 0.401, p <0.001) and a positive direction. Work stress is also found to be positively related to pain severity of a patient with an acceptable strength (β = 0.544, p < 0.001) and a positive direction. The hypothesis (Work stress is positively related to the treatment of a patient) has an acceptable strength (β = 0.322, p< 0.05) and a positive direction. The hypothesis (pain severity is positively related to the treatment of patients) shows an acceptable strength (β = 0.801, p < 0.001) and a positive direction. The research found out the psychological health situation and work stress of patients are significantly related with pain severity with acceptable strength. Also, Pain severity is significantly associated with treatment scheme intensity.

Study of the Relationship of Vitamins B12 Deficiency and Effect on Children

Study of the Relationship of Vitamins B12 Deficiency and Effect on Children

An enhanced electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction by the photothermal effect and its induced micro-electric field.

Promoting better thermodynamics and kinetics of electrocatalysts is key to achieving an efficient electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Utilizing the photothermal effect and micro-electric field of electrocatalysts is a promising approach to promote the sluggish OER. Herein, to reveal the relationship of the photothermal effect and its induced micro-electric field with OER performance, NiSx coupled NiFe(OH)y on nickel foam (NiSx@NiFe(OH)y/NF) is synthesized and subjected to the OER under near-infrared (NIR) light. Owing to the photothermal effect and its induced micro-electric field, the OER performance of NiSx@NiFe(OH)y/NF is significantly enhanced. Compared with no NIR light irradiation, the overpotential at 50 mA cm-2 and the Tafel slope of NiSx@NiFe(OH)y/NF under NIR light irradiation were 234.1 mV and 38.0 mV dec-1, which were lower by 12.4 mV and 7.1 mV dec-1, and it exhibited stable operation at 1.6 V vs. RHE for 8 h with 99% activity maintained. This work presents a novel inspiration to understand the photothermal effect-enhanced electrocatalytic OER.

Study of the Relationship of Vitamins B12 Deficiency and Effect on Children

Study of the Relationship of Vitamins B12 Deficiency and Effect on Children

A study on the relationships among green finance, environmental pollution and economic development

With the rapid development of China's economy, China's energy consumption is increasing. There has always been an objective contradiction between economic development and environmental pollution control. Green finance is an important tool to solve the problem. After testing that there is endogeneity among green finance, environmental pollution and economic development, this paper uses the data in China to explore the spatial effect and interaction relationship of the three by establishing a spatial simultaneous equation. The empirical results show that: Economic development and pollutant emissions constitute an inverted U-shaped EKC; Green finance has a significant positive effect on economic development, and economic development will also bring more green finance investment; The increase of environmental pollutant emissions requires more investment in green finance, and green finance has a certain governance effect on pollutant emissions.

Current state of research on acupuncture for the treatment of post-stroke dysphagia: a scoping review.

Post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) is a common complication of stroke. Acupuncture as one of the traditional therapies in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), can change the excitability of cerebral cortical nerve cells, and promote the recovery of neurological and swallowing functions. Several clinical primary studies (including RCTs, cohort studies, etc.) and systematic reviews have demonstrated its efficacy and safety in patients with PSD. The positive effects of acupuncture on PSD are also mentioned in international clinical and treatment guidelines, while there is no synthesis of this evidence. This scoping review aims to summarize the evidence from clinical primary studies, reviews, systematic reviews, and guidelines on acupuncture for the treatment of PSD and explore the breadth of this evidence, provide an overview of the range and characteristics of existing evidence, research gaps, and future research priorities in treating PSD with acupuncture. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, SinoMed, Wan Fang Data, and VIP databases were searched from inception until June 12, 2024. The relevant data were presented through bubble diagrams, line graphs, and structured tables along with descriptive statistics and analysis. This scoping review was conducted based on the PRISMA-ScR Checklist. A total of 1,130 studies were included. Most of the studies were conducted in China, with the number increasing over time. The studies included 254 reviews, 815 clinical studies (678 RCTs,107 nRCTs, 12 case reports, 14 cohort studies, and four case series), 51 systematic reviews, and 10 guidelines. Acupuncture interventions included manual acupuncture (MA), electroacupuncture (EA), and MA/EA combined with acupuncture-related methods (such as scalp acupuncture, auricular acupuncture, warm acupuncture, etc.). The most frequently used acupoint was RN23. Acupuncture is often applied in combination with other treatments, such as herbal medicine, Western medicine, rehabilitation training, swallowing training, or catheter balloon dilatation. Effective rates and WTS were the most frequently used outcomes. Most studies reported significant efficacy and only a few studies explicitly reported adverse events. Acupuncture received positive recommendations in nine guidelines for the treatment of PSD. As a convenient and safe traditional Chinese medicine therapy with its characteristics, acupuncture can improve different stages and types of dysphagia without causing serious adverse reactions. In the future, more standardized international cooperative clinical research is needed to identify the influence of different acupuncture intervention times on the curative effect and dose-effect relationship of acupuncture; standardize the clinical acupoint selection scheme of acupuncture; develop a COS with TCM characteristics to improve the quality of outcome reporting, This will enable different research data to be summarized and compared, reduce resource waste, and provide more high-quality evidence.

Strategy and Effectiveness Evaluation of the Integration and Development of Fuzhou Tea Picking Opera and Modern Multimedia Technology

Abstract This study utilizes multimedia technology to enhance the communication effect of Fuzhou Tea Casting Opera in order to help the relevant staff clarify the direction for the future development of Fuzhou Tea Casting Opera and social and cultural progress. It describes the role of modern multimedia technology in Fuzhou Tea Casting Opera, describes the specific application of virtual reality technology in Fuzhou Tea Casting Opera, and analyzes the performance characteristics of three-dimensional technology, three-dimensional display technology, and sensing and interaction technology applied to Fuzhou Tea Casting Opera. Finally, through empirical analysis, we test the hypothesis of the communication mechanism model of Fuzhou Tea Picking Opera based on multimedia technology and analyze the direct effect relationship between embodied environment and embodied perception, between embodied perception and communication effect, and the intermediary effect of embodied perception between embodied environment and communication effect. Based on a comparative analysis of the viewing experience, it was found that the viewing effect of Fuzhou Tea Picking Opera is improved after the integration of multimedia technology. In order to prevent multimedia technology from having a negative effect on the development of Fuzhou Tea Casting Opera, this paper finally puts forward the relevant suggestions for the integration of Fuzhou Tea Casting Opera and multimedia technology.

Concept–Effect Relationship Weighting Based on Frequency of Concept’s Co-Occurrence for Developing Personalized Remedial Learning Path

Concept–Effect Relationship Weighting Based on Frequency of Concept’s Co-Occurrence for Developing Personalized Remedial Learning Path

Study on the Active Components and Inhibiting Effect of Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. on Human Cervical Cancer Cells Based on Spectrum–Effect Relationship Analysis

Background The ethnic drug Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. (MDL) is an important medicinal plant with potential antitumor properties, which have been proposed as promising anticancer agents, but the material basis for its therapeutic effect is still unclear and lacks in-depth research. Methods In this study, the in vitro antitumor effects of different MDL extracts in different gynecological tumor cells were investigated by CCK-8 assay. The active components of 21 batches of MDL samples collected from different product areas and markets were determined and compared by the UPLC method. On this basis, the data was processed with the fingerprint similarity software, and the correlation between MDL fingerprint and antihuman cervical cancer activity was further analyzed by a multivariate statistical method. Results Five kinds of MDL extracts, including the aqueous extract, the crude polysaccharide, the total polyphenol, the ethyl acetate fraction of the aqueous extract and 50% ethanol extract, had inhibitory effects on human cervical cancer HeLa and SiHa cells, among which total polyphenols of MDL showed stronger inhibition effect on human cervical cancer cells. In addition, the fingerprint of the total polyphenols of MDL had sixteen common peaks, and six common peaks were checked by using diode array and UV spectra, among which peak 1 (gallic acid), peak 4 (protocatechuic acid), peak 12 (unknown), and peak 15 (ellagic acid) were negatively correlated with the IC50 value of the SiHa cells, and all variable importance values were greater than 1. Conclusion Our data demonstrated that the main active components of MDL inhibiting human cervical cancer SiHa cells may be the synergistic effect of gallic acid, protocatechuic acid and ellagic acid, and the further spectrum-effect relationship analysis provides an important reference and basis for the quality control and the development of new anticervical cancer drug of MDL.

An adaptive control structure to mitigate lack of feasibility in systems with poor identifiability. Case Study on General Anesthesia

Poor identifiability in medical systems is due to ethical and regulatory limitations in free decisions regarding design of excitation signals and application of persistent excitation to human body areas of interest. Furthermore, drug-dose effect relationship is o particular challenge due to inter and intra patient variability. Complexity of interacting biological self-and extra- regulatory networks of vital processes in humans add more to the uncertainty limiting the feasibility of obtaining a digital twin of the patient for better clinical outcome. Epistemic and aleatory uncertainty is clustered around the problem of identifiability. This is furthermore strengthen by the lack of suitable instrumentation to measure the necessary information, rather making available inferences and surrogate infometrics. In this paper we propose a theoretical framework build on a commonly encountered problem of model mismatch in closed loop control of anesthesia. The solution uses ratio control of two drug co-administration in an online model estimation with adaptive setpoint strategy to achieve general anesthesia. Our simulations indicate that the proposed solution helps in calibrating the dose-effect response model to actual response of the patient in online setting and uses setpoint adaptation to guide the induction of anesthesia.

Screening Antioxidant Components in Yiwei Decoction Using Spectrum-Effect Relationship and Network Pharmacology.

Yiwei decoction (YWD) is a classic prescription with the function of nourishing stomach yin. In this study, the effective components of antioxidant activity of YWD and its possible mechanism were discussed from the point of view of spectral effect relationship and network pharmacology. Firstly, the fingerprints of 10 batches of YWD were established by UPLC-PDA technique, and the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging rate and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were used as the indicators for antioxidant activity in vitro. Then, the spectral effect relationship between the fingerprint profiles and antioxidant capacity was analyzed through grey relational analysis (GRA) and orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS). In addition, network pharmacology was employed to predict the potential mechanisms of YWD in the treatment of antioxidant-related diseases. The spectrum-effect relationship indicated that three common peaks were likely to be the most decisive active components, identified as verbascoside, psoralen, and vitexin, respectively. Based on network pharmacology analysis, a total of 83 target genes shared by the active components and antioxidant-related diseases were collected. AKT1, HSP90AA1, SRC, CASP3, and MTOR were closely related to antioxidant therapy and considered as core therapeutic targets. The potential mechanisms of YWD were obtained through gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Finally, molecular docking simulations were conducted to evaluate the binding activities between the core therapeutic targets and corresponding compounds. The excellent core protein-compound complexes obtained by molecular docking were simulated by molecular dynamics simulation. The results showed that the active compounds had good binding ability with the selected targets. This study successfully identified the effective components of YWD and predicted the potential targets and pathways, which provided a new idea for the application of YWD in the treatment of antioxidant stress in the future. In addition, the potential active components provide valuable implications for drug screening of related diseases.

한국어 초급 교재 읽기 텍스트 구조 비교를 통한 교육적 함의

This study compared and analyzed rhetorical structure to solidify text hierarchization according to the Rhetorical Structure theory in Korean elementary textbooks. Therefore, 70% of Korean beginner reading text suggests that it needs to be composed with a center of joint, sequence, elaboration, and cause and effect relationship. Likewise, schematic relationship appearing with semantic relationship, needs to be composed to appear incomplete three-stage composition and complex deformation structure, and an educational effect may exist in various language functions. Based on this result, this study helps set the foundation for Korean beginner reading text hierarchization.

어머니의 양육태도와 유아의 정서조절능력이 유아의 문제행동에 미치는 영향

Objectives In this study, we aimed to examine how maternal parenting attitudes and young children's emotion regulation abilities influence problem behaviors in young children.&#x0D; Methods For the study, 291 young children aged 3-5 years old and 291 mothers enrolled in a daycare center located in G city were surveyed from December 12, 2022 to January 8, 2023. A questionnaire survey was conducted on attitude, emotional regulation ability of young children, and problem behaviors of young children. For the collected data, Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between each variable using the SPSS 21.0 program, and multiple regression analysis was performed to analyze the effect relationship of the variables.&#x0D; Results The analysis results are as follows. Firstly, it was found that the mother's parenting attitude and the young children's emotional regulation ability were correlated with the young children's problem behavior. Secondly, in the relative explanatory power of independent variables that affect young children's intrinsic problem behaviors, negative emotional expression, affectionate, controlling, and rejecting influences in the order shown. In the relative explanatory power of independent variables that affect extrinsic problem behaviors of young children, affectionate, negative emotional expression, controlling, and positive emotional expression were found to have an effect in the order.&#x0D; Conclusions This study provides valuable information on the variables affecting young children's problem behaviors, such as maternal parenting attitudes and young children's emotion regulation abilities. It can serve as foundational data to enhance maternal parenting attitudes and young children's emotion regulation abilities, which, in turn, may help improve young children's problem behaviors.&#x0D;

Is the silver generation still on the labour market or already inactive? The situation of the elderly on the Polish labour market

The aim of the article is to determine the economic situation of people aged over 50 and the conditions of their professional activity. The subject of the analysis is the labour market of Poland – an EU Member State and of the OECD, a country that has undergone a political transformation from a centrally planned economy to a market economy. The research methods applied in the study included: literature analysis, methods of statistical analysis based on descriptive statistics tools, analysis of variability and logical analysis of cause and effect relationships. To achieve the aim of the article, several research questions were formulated. First of all, these addressed several issues: Is the population aged 50+ in Poland is still professionally active? What are the reasons for the decision to be professionally active or inactive? What factors influence changes in the number of pensioners? Is the situation of people aged 50+ on the Polish labour market different from their situation in other EU countries? The research methods used in this study are: literature analysis, statistical analysis method based on descriptive statistic tools, analysis of variability, and logical analysis of cause and effect relationship. By the way of conclusion, an attempt was also made to compare the situation in Poland with the models of life of the elderly in other European economies of such countries as Czechia, Germany, Sweden and Italy. The main findings were the following: the economic situation of the elderly in Poland deteriorated, their willingness to look for work and activity increased, but unfortunately this search was hindered by significant barriers to accessing the labour market. Recommendations for economic policy include demands to take specific actions to extend professional activity, facilitate access to digital job search methods, and social campaigns to counteract ageism.

PREDICTION OF TEACHERS’ PERFORMANCE THROUGH LEADERSHIP STYLES IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

This article aimed to predict the teachers’ performance through leadership styles in developing countries like Pakistan. For this purpose, the survey approach was used by collecting data from the head of department and teachers hailing from southern region HEIs, KP, Pakistan. Correlation and regression analysis were sued to examine association and cause-&amp;-effect relationships that were validate through results from previous studies from literature. Teachers’ performance was predicted by assessing its association and impact with the transformational and transactional leadership styles. Results offered significant information in reaching conclusion and making decisions. It was concluded that significant association and impacts were found through SPSS. It was decided that leadership styles have significant association and impact on teachers’ performance in the higher educational context in Pakistani perspective. The study suggest that transformational leadership is more effective in predicting performances than transactional leadership style. The results offer significant clues for future researchers to conduct further studies.

The operation of child welfare offices in the Scandinavian model in the light of international and Polish law

In the article, I will discuss the issues already examined by the institute regarding the rights of families in Scandinavian countries. I will take into account a few cases and look for an answer about the cause and effect relationship. The chapter on the history of the Scandinavian countries, regarding sterilization laws and eugenics policy, will be important.

The Effect of Competence and Work Discipline on Teacher Performance at SMPN 1 Padalarang, West Bandung Regency

The problem in this study is the low performance of teachers of Padalarang 1 Public Junior High School in West Bandung Regency due to lack of teacher competence and discipline. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of competence and discipline variables on the performance of teachers at Padalarang 1 Junior High School in West Bandung District. It is hoped that from the information obtained this can further improve teacher performance, through increasing teacher competence and discipline.&#x0D; The research method with a quantitative approach uses the survey explanator method, which is a method that aims to test the research hypotheses that have been formulated previously. The analysis technique used is descriptive statistical techniques that function to group data, work on, conclude, explain and present the processed results. It aims to make a pattern of cause and effect relationships between the value of a variable with other variables. The population as well as the sample in this study amounted to 47 people. Data were collected using a questionnaire, the measurement scale using a Likert scale. Analysis in data processing using multiple linear regression analysis, using SPSS 26 application assistance.&#x0D; The conclusion of this research is that the Competency and Discipline of employees empirically have influenced the Teacher Performance in SMPN 1 Padalarang, West Bandung Regency, both partially and simultaneously. The results also found that performance is influenced by other factors that are academically recognized.

Студент плюс-минус Интернет, или интернет-составляющая в компетенции русиста

Scientists describe the way young people (school children and university students) think today, as a fundamentally superficial, fragmentary, illogical mosaic. This mode of thinking significantly differs from the conceptual thinking specific to previous generations. Easy access to Internet content and electronic technologies induces students to plagiarize and to resign from independent action. The paper presents fragments of essays and exam tests bearing traces of Internet content manipulation. This practice is not considered as unethical by a number of students. However difficult it may seem to efficiently counteract the habit of copying and pasting material available online, it can be channeled into appropriate approaches and methods. To accommodate these recent changes in cognitive mechanisms, the educational material, and the theoretical elements which are offered to the modern pupils and students, one should intensively focus on contextualizing fragmentary information, providing records in the modernized forms such as modules, flowcharts, algorithms, and mind maps. This approach may help students overcome the inconsistency in the reception and reproduction of the information and avoid serious mistakes in their comprehension of the presented facts. The adaptation of the teaching techniques can form in students the skills of extracting the most important facts, following cause and effect relationships, and structuring the data accordingly.

Cause–effect relationship between model parameters and damping performance of hydraulic shock absorbers

Despite long-term research and development of modern shock absorbers, the effect of variations of several crucial material and model parameters still remains dubious. The goal of this work is therefore a study of the changes of shock absorber dynamics with respect to typical parameter ranges in a realistic model. We study the impact of shim properties, as well as geometric features such as discharge coefficients and bleed orifice cross section. We derive cause–effect relationships by nonlinear parameter fitting of the differential equations of the model and show digressive and progressive quadratic damping curves for shim number and thickness, sharp exponential curves for discharge coefficients, and leakage width, as well as a linear decrease of damping properties with bleed orifice area. Temperature increase affecting material properties, such as density and viscosity of the mineral oil, is found to have a mostly linear relationship with damping and pressure losses. Our results are not only significant for the general understanding of shock absorber dynamics, but also serve as a guidance for the development of specific models by following the proposed methodology.