Effects Of Youth Unemployment Research Articles

The effect of youth unemployment on criminality in Indonesia: threat or opportunity to improve food security?

The effect of youth unemployment on criminality in Indonesia: threat or opportunity to improve food security?

Quod vadis? The effect of youth unemployment and demographic pressure on migration in the MENA region

AbstractRecent trends in international migration reveal increasing migration outflows from Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries. This development is accompanied by a massive rise in youth unemployment and a major increase in the young population in this region. This paper provides a quantitative assessment of migration patterns and analyses the interacting effect of the unfavourable combination of youth unemployment and demographic pressure on migration decisions. Based on an assessment of bilateral migration flows from 19 MENA to 34 OECD countries between 1995 and 2020, we find that youth unemployment plays a significant role in explaining emigration flows from MENA countries. We also find that the migration‐generating effect of youth unemployment is contingent upon demographic pressure in the youth cohorts and increases with an increasing number of youths.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION: A REMEDY TO YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT IN NIGERIA

In a developing nation, entrepreneurship education has been and would likewise continue to be a great economic stimulation to serve as a remedy to the youth unemployment in Nigeria. This paper focused on entrepreneurship education as a remedy to youth unemployment. Some issues discussed include the youth unemployment, causes of youth unemployment, effects of youth unemployment, the concepts of entrepreneur, importance of entrepreneurship education as a remedy to youth employment, as well as often encountered challenges of entrepreneurial education and the strategies/solutions for effective entrepreneurship education. On the basis of these and other auxiliary discourses, conclusion was reached and recommendations were raised for consideration. These include a call for all stakeholders to allow the entrepreneurship education to reach out to the youth, regardless of theirethnic, cultural, religious, geographical or political affiliations by establishing good scheme aimed at encouraging youths to spend their free times positively. Finally, government should create friendly, social political and economic environments so as to encourage investors in entrepreneurial ventures with good financial assistance and motivation.

Long‐term effects of youth unemployment on alcohol‐related morbidity

To test if exposure to unemployment in young adulthood is associated with an increased risk of later alcohol-related morbidity. A nation-wide register-linked longitudinal population-based study. Sweden. A total of 16 490 individuals born between 1967 and 1978, who had participated in the Labour Force Survey between the ages of 16-24years during 1990-95. Information on the outcome of alcohol-related morbidity was obtained from the National Hospital Discharge Register. The Swedish index of alcohol-related in-patient care was used to define the outcome. Information on sex, age and country of birth, as well as parents' level of education, socio-economic status and alcohol-related health problems, were also obtained. Average follow-up time was 22years. Cox regression analysis was used to obtain hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Compared with full-time students, individuals who experienced short- and long-term unemployment spells at a young age were at an increased risk of later alcohol-related morbidity; <3months (HR=2.04, 95% CI=1.35-3.09), 3-6months (HR=2.20, 95% CI=1.29-3.75) and>6months (HR=1.99, 95% CI=1.06-3.71) of unemployment, after adjusting for several important individual and family level covariates. In Sweden, a nation-wide register-based study with a 22-year follow-up suggests that being unemployed in young adulthood is associated with an increased risk of alcohol-related morbidity later in life.

Effect of Youth Unemployment in Nigeria

Effect of Youth Unemployment in Nigeria

Psychological Effects of Youth Unemployment in Ghana

This study investigated the psychological effects of youth unemployment in Ghana. Youths within the ages of 18 and 35 years in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana constituted the research population. A sample of 362 youths, comprising both the employed (n = 172) and the unemployed (n = 190), were purposively selected. The employed youths served as a control group for comparative analyses. The cross-sectional survey design was adopted. The Hopelessness Depression Symptom Questionnaire (HDSQ), the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ), the Rosenberg’s Self-esteem Scale and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) were used to assess psychological health (i.e., depression, cognitive distortions, self-esteem and suicidality) of the respondents. The Pearson r test, the Linear Regression test and the Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) test were used to analyze the data. The findings showed poorer psychological health among unemployed youths than employed youths. Duration of unemployment significantly predicted poorer psychological health among the youths. The findings and their implications are discussed with references to the existing literature and theories.

Labor‐Market Institutions and Long‐Term Effects of Youth Unemployment

Graduating from a school during a time of adverse economic conditions has a persistent, harmful effect on workers’ subsequent employment opportunities. An analysis of panel data from OECD countries during the 1960–2010 periods reveals that a worker who experiences a 1 percentage point higher unemployment rate while the worker is 16–24 years old has a 0.14 percentage point higher unemployment rate at ages 25–29 years and 0.03 percentage points higher at ages 30–34 years. The persistence of this negative effect is stronger in countries with stricter employment protection legislation. A composite index for labor‐market rigidity is constructed and the index is shown to have positive correlation with the persistence. Moderating macroeconomic fluctuations is more important in countries that have more persistent labor‐market entry effects on subsequent outcomes.

Effects of Youth Unemployment and its consequence: A Survey of Youth in Yobe State, Nigeria

Effects of Youth Unemployment and its consequence: A Survey of Youth in Yobe State, Nigeria

The demand for tertiary education ? An Australian study

In this article the demand for tertiary education by successful Higher School Certificate Candidates in Victoria is modelled along the lines of Handa and Skolnik (1975). This particular component of the overall demand is studied because of the particularly plentiful and accurate information available. The estimated effect of youth unemployment on demand raises a number of interesting hypotheses related to the traditional human capital variables of opportunity cost of education and expected future returns. These hypotheses are evaluated using the developed demand model.

Unemployment, expected returns, and the demand for university education in Ontario: some empirical results

This article presents the results of empirical analysis of the influence of labour market factors on the private demand for university education in Ontario. Contrary to a widely held belief, the analysis indicates that the effect of youth unemployment upon enrolment demand is very weak. High unemployment, by itself, does not appear to drive youths into universities. On the other hand, expected earnings upon completion of a degree is shown to have a strong positive impact upon enrolment demand, particularly for post-graduate students. A 10 percent increase in the expected earnings of persons with post graduate degrees relative to persons with only bachelor's degrees is associated with more than a 20 percent increase in post-graduate enrolment. These findings are subject to qualifications regarding certain weaknesses in the data, as well as the usual problems of making inferences about expectation behaviour from ex post data. One important policy implication of this study is that attempts to use educational spending as a contra-cyclical device may not be successful unless students are given extra inducement to enrol when unemployment is high. Second, the apparent responsiveness of enrolment demand to changes in earnings expectations of degree holders underscores the importance of providing good up-to-date information on earnings prospects. It should be emphasized, however, that this study dealt only with aggregate (undergraduate or postgraduate) enrolment, and further research is needed to examine the responsiveness of specific program and subject choices to variation in occupational earnings prospects. Moreover, the responsiveness of student enrolment decisions to prospective earnings is only one of several factors — though a very important one — which must be taken into account in deciding upon the role of manpower considerations in educational planning.