Whitening Effect Research Articles

Whitening toothpastes with hydrogen peroxide concentrations vs. at-home bleaching.

To evaluate the effect of whitening toothpastes with different hydrogen peroxide (HP) concentrations on HP permeability, color change, and physicochemical properties, compared to at-home bleaching treatment. Forty-nine premolars were randomized into seven groups (n = 7): untreated (control); at-home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide gel (AH; 10% CP) with 14 and 28 applications of 180min each (AH [14 × 180min] and AH [28 × 180min]); three whitening toothpastes (3% HP; 4% HP and 5% HP) and 10% CP brushed 28 times for 90s each (TB [28 × 90s]). HP permeability was measured using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer and color change by a digital spectrophotometer (ΔEab, ΔE00, and ΔWID). Initial concentration, pH, and viscosity were measured through titration, digital pH meter, and rheometer, respectively. Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA, Tukey's test, and Dunnett's test (α = 0.05). 4% HP group showed acidic pH, the lowest viscosity and the highest HP concentration into the pulp chamber (p < 0.05). The 10% CP groups had lower HP in the pulp chamber and greater color change than other groups (p < 0.05), except the 5% HP group in ΔEab and ΔE00. For ΔWID, the 10% CP AH groups showed greater whitening than other groups (p < 0.05). Whitening toothpaste with up to 5% HP resulted in higher HP permeability and less color change compared to 10% CP. Higher HP commercial concentrations in toothpaste increased whitening effect; however, acidic pH toothpastes exhibited greater HP permeability. Whitening toothpastes with high hydrogen peroxide concentrations were less effective than at-home bleaching, resulting in less color change and greater permeability of hydrogen peroxide, potentially increasing the risk of tooth sensitivity.

Preparation and characterization of a nanostructured lipid carrier for phenylethyl resorcinol

Phenylethyl resorcinol (PR) demonstrates inhibitory effects on multiple targets in the melanin synthesis pathway, resulting in a strong whitening effect. However, challenges such as limited solubility in water and susceptibility to oxidation and discoloration restrict its practical application in the cosmetics industry. In order to enhance stability and performance characteristics, a whitening nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) was synthesized through high-pressure homogenization. This method entailed the incorporation of solid lipids, a liquid lipid, and a compound emulsifier, with deionized water fulfilling the roles of solid phase, liquid phase, and water phase, respectively. The NLC's particle size, Zeta potential, stability, encapsulation efficiency, and other parameters were assessed using techniques such as particle sizer, stability analyzer, and HPLC. The results showed that the NLC for phenylethyl resorcinol prepared by using the optimal formula (7.50 % solid lipids, 3.00 % ethylhexyl palmitate, and 2.00 % Tween 80 and soybean lecithin) has an encapsulation efficiency of 87.11 %, a particle size of 157.2 ± 0.70 nm, a kinetic instability of less than 1.2, and a greatly improved stability, thereby successfully solving the problems of unstable storage and poor solubility of phenylethyl resorcinol.

Effects of Vitamin C and SH-Polypeptide-10 Cosmetic Ingredients on Wrinkle Improvement and Skin Whitening

In this study, 20 female subjects in their 30s to 50s used cosmetics containing the main ingredients vitamin C and SH-Polypeptide-10 in an environment exposed to ultraviolet rays, and underwent clinical trials to determine the effects of improving wrinkles, brightness, and whitening of the skin. Efficacy evaluation was performed. Wrinkles around the eyes significantly decreased from 0.0592 to 0.0507(p&lt;0.001), and the wrinkle improvement effect decreased by 16.78%(p&lt;0.05). Skin brightness significantly decreased from 65.44 to 67.04 in the experimental group(p&lt;0.001), and skin brightness increased by 2.45%(p&lt;0.05). Additionally, the skin whitening effect significantly decreased from 66.38 to 55.51(p&lt;0.001), and melanin pigment decreased by 19.57%(p&lt;0.05). The cosmetics used in this experiment were shown to have antioxidant effects that protect cells from oxidative stress, increase transdermal permeability, promote epidermal cell growth and cell regeneration, inhibit tyrosinase activity and promote collagen formation. Overall, the use of cosmetics containing vitamin C and SH-Polypeptide-10 as main ingredients resulted in significant improvement in the experimental group, which can be seen as having a positive effect on improving wrinkles around the eyes and skin whitening.

Effect of air-abrasion pretreatment with three desensitizing agents on efficacy of in-office tooth bleaching.

To evaluate the influence of air-abrasion of enamel with three different desensitizing powders on the whitening effect of a bleaching gel containing 40% H2O2, which was used for in-office tooth bleaching. Forty human incisors, extracted and prepared, were acquired for this study and subsequently randomized into four groups (n = 10). The control group specimens underwent no pretreatment prior to the bleaching procedure, whereas the remaining three groups underwent air abrasion using distinct desensitizing powders; (a) Sylc, which contains bioglass 45S5; (b) BioMinF, which contains calcium phospho-fluoro-silicate glass; and (c) MI Pearls, which contains nano-hydroxyapatite, 1 h preceding the Opalescence Boost PF 40% bleaching procedure. Color measurements were conducted using a double-beam UV-Vis spectrophotometer at four distinct time points (prior to bleaching, 24 h, 15 days, and 30 days post-bleaching). Tooth color change outcomes revealed that there were no statistically significant results with respect to the interaction of the two criteria (treatments and time) (p = 0.990). Additionally, there were no statistically significant results with respect to the main effects of treatments (p = 0.385), while there were statistically significant effects with respect to the time criterion (p = 0.013). The use of the tested desensitizing powders prior the bleaching procedure did not affect the tooth color change induced by the tested bleaching agent. Tooth color change and whiteness are not affected by air-abrasion desensitizing treatments when applied prior to in-office bleaching procedures.

Highly sensitive detection of fluorescent whitening agents in flour using sheathless capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry

Fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) are dyes that emit visible blue or blue-purple fluorescence upon ultraviolet-light absorption. Taking advantage of light complementarity, FWAs can compensate for the yellow color of many substances to achieve a whitening effect; thus, they are used extensively in various applications. FWAs are generally stable, but their presence in the environment can lead to pollution and accumulation in the body through the food chain. Recent studies have revealed that some types of FWAs, such as coumarin-based FWAs, may exhibit photo-induced mutagenic effects that can trigger allergic reactions in humans and even pose carcinogenic risks. Hence, the development of an accurate and highly sensitive method for detecting FWAs in food-related samples is a crucial endeavor. Owing to the high polarity and structural similarity of FWAs, the accurate determination of these substances in complex food samples requires an analytical method that offers both efficient separation and sensitive detection. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) exhibits essential features such as high separation efficiency, short analysis times, very small sample injection requirements, minimal use of organic solvents, and simple operation. Thus, it is often used as an effective alternative to liquid chromatographic techniques. Over the past few decades, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has been utilized as a highly sensitive and accurate detection method in numerous chemical analytical fields because it enables the analysis of molecular structures. By combining the high separation efficiency of CE with the high sensitivity of ESI-MS, a powerful tool for identifying and quantifying trace amounts of FWAs in food samples may be obtained. In this study, we present a method based on sheathless CE coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) for the simultaneous detection of six trace FWAs in flour. In the proposed method, the CE separation device is directly coupled to the mass spectrometer through a sheathless interface without the need for a sheath liquid for electric contact, thereby avoiding the dilution of the analytes and improving detection sensitivity. Various conditions that could affect extraction recovery, separation efficiency, and detection sensitivity were evaluated and optimized. The FWAs were effectively extracted from the sample matrix with reduced matrix effects by ultrasonic-assisted extraction at a temperature of 30 ℃ for 20 min using CHCl3-MeOH (3∶2, v/v) as the extraction solvent. The extract was centrifuged, dried under N2, and reconstituted in CHCl3-MeOH (1∶4, v/v) for subsequent analysis. During the detection process, the CE device was coupled to the ESI-MS/MS instrument via a highly sensitive porous spray needle, which served as the sheathless electrospray interface. The target FWAs were scanned in positive-ion mode (ESI+) to ensure the stability and intensity of the obtained signals. Additionally, multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and MS/MS analysis were used to simultaneously quantify the six targets with high selectivity. The developed sheathless CE-ESI-MS/MS method detected the FWAs with high sensitivity over wide linear ranges with low method limits of detection (0.04-0.67 ng/g). The recoveries of the six target FWAs at three spiked levels were between 77.5% and 97.2%, with good interday (RSD≤11.5%) and intraday (RSD≤10.2%) precision. Analyses of the six target FWAs in eight commercial flour samples were performed using this method, and four positive samples were identified. These results demonstrate that the proposed CE-ESI-MS/MS method is a promising strategy for the determination of trace FWAs in complex food sample matrices with efficient separation and high sensitivity.

Improvement of the method of processing animal bones in the production of educational and museum exhibits

The method of processing the bones of domestic and wild animals has been improved and maximally adapted to domestic conditions. The work was carried out on the basis of the laboratory of taxidermy and museum affairs of the department of anatomy and histology named after Р. Kowalskiy Bilа Tserkva National Agrarian University. The aim of the work was the practical application of the improved method of processing the bones of domestic and wild animals for the production of museum exhibits and educational materials. For the treatment and degreasing of bones, Pervol and Gala washing powders with a whitening effect and Fairy brand dishwashing detergents used as surfactants. Precursor-free chemical paint solvents 646, 647, 650 and White Spirit have proven themselves well as solvents for intraosseous fat. At the stage of preparation and cleaning of the bones from the muscles, they were subjected to maceration in water at room temperature for 7-10 days. Degreasing of bones in solvents lasted up to 1.5 months with daily visual control and mixing. Visual control have carried out by illuminating the bones with lamps with bright light. 60% perhydrol diluted with water in a ratio of 1:4 was used as a bleaching agent. As a result of comparative testing of various means, it was established that it is better to use deep penetration soil "Artisan No. 7" with exposure of bones in it for up to 7 days as a fxing preparation. It should be noted that chemical treatment of bones using household detergents and technical solvents is quite effective and affordable, although it takes a long time. The proposed method makes it possible to produce high-quality, visually aesthetic and tactilely pleasant, absolutely odorless, uniformly white educational preparations and museum exhibits of bones with minimal fnancial costs and technical equipment. Key words: domestic, wild animals, skeleton bones odorless, solvent.

Synthesis and clinical efficacy of novel jasmine titania tooth whitening gel on color, surface roughness and morphology

ObjectiveTo analyze the beneficial role of novel jasmine titania tooth whitening gel on the color, surface roughness and morphology of human tooth enamel, concerning age. MethodsGreen dentistry incorporating Jasmine flower extract was used to fabricate titania (titanium oxide) nanoparticles whose physicochemical characteristics were evaluated through X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in order to produce a novel jasmine tooth whitening gel. This whitening gel was applied on maxillary central incisors ranging between 20 and 50 years, which were investigated for color change, surface roughness and morphology. ResultsThe titania nanoparticles depicted 100 % pure anatase phase, 30.3 nm size and a spherical shape with no impurities. The color change (whitening) was found to be maximum in tooth enamel from the youngest age group (20 years), but minimum for the oldest age group (50 years) (p = 0.001). No significant change in surface roughness or morphology of tooth enamel belonging to the youngest age group (20 years) (p = 0.111) and middle age group (p > 0.05) was observed, but it was statistically significant in the teeth belonging to the ultra-middle age group (40 years) and the oldest age group (50 years) (p = 0.001). ConclusionNovel jasmine titania tooth whitening gel containing titania (titanium oxide) nanoparticles prepared by jasmine flower extract revealed potent whitening effects in all the age groups without affecting their surface roughness or morphology. Clinical significanceThe latest trends emerging in aesthetic dentistry show the demand for cosmetic procedures, especially tooth whitening, is enhanced. This novel jasmine titania tooth whitening gel was potent enough to whiten the enamel belonging to different age groups without enhancing the surface roughness or adversely affecting the surface morphology.

The Effect of α-Arbutin on UVB-Induced Damage and Its Underlying Mechanism.

Ultraviolet radiation can heighten tyrosinase activity, stimulate melanocyte production, impede the metabolism of numerous melanocytes, and result in the accumulation of plaques on the skin surface. α-Arbutin, a bioactive substance extracted from the arbutin plant, has been widely used for skin whitening. In this study, the whitening effect of α-arbutin by inhibiting tyrosinase activity and alleviating the photoaging effect induced by UVB are investigated. The results indicate that α-arbutin can inhibit skin inflammation, and its effectiveness is positively correlated with concentration. Moreover, α-arbutin can reduce the skin epidermal thickness, decrease the number of inflammatory cells, and down-regulate the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, which are inflammatory factors. It also promotes the expression of COL-1 collagen, thus playing an important role in anti-inflammatory action. Network pharmacology, metabolomics and transcriptomics further confirm that α-arbutin is related to the L-tyrosine metabolic pathway and may interfere with various signaling pathways related to melanin and other photoaging by regulating metabolic changes. Therefore, α-arbutin has a potential inhibitory effect on UVB-induced photoaging and possesses a whitening effect as a cosmetic compound.

Study on Radio Frequency-Treated Agricultural Byproducts as Media for Hericium erinaceus Solid-State Fermentation for Whitening Effects

Study on Radio Frequency-Treated Agricultural Byproducts as Media for Hericium erinaceus Solid-State Fermentation for Whitening Effects

An experimental teeth bleaching agent containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate.

This study was aimed to obtain an experimental bleaching agent by adding casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) in order to eliminate the mineral loss on the tooth surface after bleaching and to evaluate the bleaching effectiveness. In this study, experimental bleaching agents containing 1%, 3% CPP-ACP and without CPP-ACP were obtained. Bleaching effectiveness (color change), the effect of bleaching agents on mineral content (energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy), surface morphology (scanning electron microscope), and surface hardness of enamel (Vicker's microhardness) before and after bleaching were evaluated. The obtained data were statistically analyzed. When the bleaching levels of the groups were compared, no statistically significant difference was observed between the control and 1% CPP-ACP groups (p > 0.05) while the addition of 3% CPP-ACP decreased significantly the effectiveness of the bleaching agent (p < 0.05). When the effects of experimental bleaching agents on surface hardness were examined, while the enamel surface hardness decreased statistically significantly after application in the control group (p < 0.05), no statistically significant change was observed in surface hardness after the application of 1% CPP-ACP containing bleaching agent (p > 0.05). However, a statistically significant increase was observed in surface hardness after the application of 3% CPP-ACP containing bleaching agent (p < 0.05). When the Ca and P ratio of the groups were compared, no statistically significant difference was observed between the control and 1% CPP-ACP groups (p > 0.05), while they increased significantly in 3% CPP-ACP group (p < 0.05). The addition of 1% CPP-ACP to the bleaching agent had positive effects on the mineral content and surface hardness of the enamel, and did not negatively affect the whitening effectiveness. Adding CPP-ACP to the bleaching agent at appropriate concentrations can eliminate possible negative effects without compromising the effectiveness of the bleaching agent.

Newly identified peptide Nigrocin-OA27 inhibits UVB induced melanin production via the MITF/TYR pathway

Melasma is a common skin disease induced by an increase in the content of melanin in the skin, which also causes serious physical and mental harm to patients. In this research, a novel peptide (Nigrocin-OA27) from Odorrana andersonii is shown to exert a whitening effect on C57 mice pigmentation model. The peptide also demonstrated non-toxic and antioxidant capacity, and can significantly reduce melanin content in B16 cells. Topical application effectively delivered Nigrocin-OA27 to skin's epidermal and dermal layers and exhibited significant preventive and whitening effects on the UVB-induced ear pigmentation model in C57 mice. The whitening mechanism of Nigrocin-OA27 may be related to reduced levels of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and the key enzyme for melanogenesis-tyrosinase (TYR). Nigrocin-OA27 also inhibited the catalytic activity by adhering to the active core of TYR, thereby reducing melanin formation and deposition. In conclusion, Nigrocin-OA27 may be a potentially effective external agent to treat melasma by inhibiting aberrant skin melanin synthesis.

Whitening effects of fermented Trigonotis radicans var. sericea with Lactobacillus brevis in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells

This study was designed to compare the whitening effects of 60% ethanol extracts of Trigonotis radicans var. sericea (TR) and Lactobacillus brevis-fermented T. radicans var. sericea (FTR). Measurement of cytotoxicity in B16-F10 melanoma cells to confirm the whitening effect, FTR showed higher cell viability than TR. FTR showed inhibitory activity on melanin contents similar to the normal group at concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/mL. MITF expression was used to confirm the effect on melanogenesis-related protein expression. TR and FTR showed significant concentration-dependent decrease, and FTR showed lower expressions than the normal group at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL. Additionally, the mRNA expression of melanogenesis-related genes (MC1R, Rab27a, TGF-β1 and Myo5a) were measured by RT-qPCR to confirm the whitening effect. In MC1R expression at a concentration of 100 μg/mL in FTR showed effective inhibitory activities, and in TGF-β1 expression, TR and FTR both showed effective activities compared to normal groups even at low concentrations. Results of myo5a and Rab27a, a similar pattern was shown, and FTR showed effective inhibitory activities at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. As a result, FTR had higher whitening effects through bioconversion and is expected to be a good material for whitening functional cosmetics.

Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane-based sustainable and recyclable polyester fabric whitening using OB-1 fluorescent brightener

Fluorescent whitening agent OB-1 (OB-1) has non-toxicity, chemical stability, exceptional heat resistance, and light stability, and it is widely used in plastic products. However, raw OB-1 is difficult to apply in textiles by exhaustion process. The present investigation employed raw OB-1 without adding an auxiliary to bestow a whitening effect on polyester fabric in a sustainable medium of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5). The Taguchi methodology was employed to optimize the whitening parameters. An L16 orthogonal array was utilized to investigate the optimal conditions for whitening temperature, whitening time, and OB-1 mass, with four whiteness levels. The signal-to-noise ratio was optimized using a larger-is-better approach to enhance the parameter responses. The study analyzed the main effect and interaction plot of multiple factors. The findings indicate that the temperature of the whitening process significantly impacts the whiteness of the polyester fabric (P < 0.05), with a 98.4 % contribution percentage. Under the optimal conditions, a whiteness value of 109.9 was observed for the polyester fabric. Subsequently, various analytical techniques, including FT-IR, SEM, TGA, and XRD, were employed to characterize the treated fabric. The results indicate that using D5 medium was viable for whitening polyester fabric. The study also examined the duration of washing and rubbing to determine their whitening performance. The study evaluated the whitening efficacy of polyester fabric treated with recycled D5 medium and demonstrated its potential for application at the pilot scale in the textile sector.

Effect of whitening toothpastes with different hydrogen peroxide concentrations: Penetration into the pulp chamber and color change

ObjectivesThis study evaluated the efficacy of simulated brushing with toothpastes containing different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (HP) in pulp chamber penetration and color change. Also, physical-chemical properties (concentration, pH and viscosity) were evaluated. MethodsForty-nine premolars were divided into seven groups (n = 7): untreated (control); whitening gel (White Class 6 %, 6 %BG) with one 90 min application (6 %BG 90 min) and 14 applications of 90 min (6 %BG 14×90 min); toothpastes (Colgate Luminous White Glow 3 %, 3 %TP; Crest 3D White Brilliance 4 %, 4 %TP; Colgate Optic White Pro-Series 5 %, 5 %TP) and 6 %BG toothbrushing for 14 applications of 90 s. HP penetration into the pulp chamber was measured through UV–Vis spectrophotometry and color change with a spectrophotometer (ΔEab, ΔE00, and ΔWID). Initial concentration, pH, and viscosity were measured through Titration, Digital pH-meter, and Rheometer, respectively. Statistical analysis used one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Results6 %BG (14×90 min) and 4 %TP groups showed acidic pH and higher concentrations of HP in the pulp chamber compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). On the other side, 3 %TP and 5 %TP groups showed alkaline pH, higher viscosity between the toothpastes and lower HP penetration (p < 0.05). The 6 %BG AH (14×90 min) group exhibited the most significant color change (ΔEab, ΔE00, and ΔWID) (p < 0.05). ConclusionsBrushing with whitening toothpaste with an acidic pH leads to greater HP penetration into pulp chamber; but, even when a high concentrated HP whitening toothpaste was used, a lower whitening effect was observed when compared to a two-week at-home bleaching. Clinical SignificanceWhitening toothpastes containing up to 5 % HP produced lower whitening effect than two-week at-home bleaching. Additionally, HP was detected within the pulp chamber which can potentially impact in tooth sensitivity.

Phytochemical, Pharmacological, and Toxicological Prospection of Morus nigra L.: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Morus nigra L. has industrial relevance due to the presence of specialized metabolites, which possess pharmaceutical potential in various parts and preparations. This review presents updated information on traditional, phytochemical, and pharmacological applications, as well as toxicity data, pertaining to different parts of Morus nigra L. Method: Phytochemical research and ethnobotanical studies were conducted using reviewed databases. Mulberry leaves have demonstrated several biological activities, attributed to the presence of phenolic acids, flavonoids, and fatty acids. Stems and roots contain additional compounds such as stilbenes and benzofurans. Morus nigra L. exhibits various biological activities, including hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, skin whitening, cytotoxic, antiatherosclerotic, and antiobesity effects. The choice of extraction technique and plant part is crucial to obtain a diverse range of compounds necessary for specific indications. Result: Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) has proven to be the most advantageous method compared to supercritical fluid maceration and extraction (SFE), yielding a wide variety of compounds. Conclusion: Overall, this review aims to provide scientists and companies interested in Morus nigra L. with opportunities and challenges for innovation in this field.

Comparative Teratogenic and Skin whitening effect of Herbal extract Glycyrrhiza glabra and Citrus sineus on Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Objective: To determine acute toxicity and Synergistic effect of the anti-melanogenic activity of methanolic extract Glycyrrhiza glabra and Citrus sineus on zebrafish. Materials and method: Fish embryo toxicity (FET) was studied as per OECD guidelines 236. The LC50 and maximum non-lethal concentration of both the extracts were calculated. The images of zebrafish larvae exposed to different concentrations of methanolic extracts and their combination were taken by using labomed digital microscope. The skin whitening effect of extract was studied by measuring integrated density of images by using imageJ software Result: LC50 Value and maximum non-lethal concentration of methanolic extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra and Citrus sineus were found to be 56.23ppm and 34.7ppm respectively. The result revealed significant reduction in percentage hatchability (p &lt; 0.0014 for glycyrrhiza glabra and p&lt;0.0011 for Citrus sinenus), dose dependant increased in percentage mortality and different developmental morphological abnormalities in zebrafish embryos exposed to the methanolic extracts Glycyrrhiza glabra and Citrus sineus. The synergistic effect of herbal extracts was found to be more effective in reducing the melanin content. Conclusion: Very High concentration of Glycyrrhiza glabra and Citrus Sineus showed teratogenic effect in zebrafish embryoes. However, based on OECD aquatic toxicity classification, both the extracts were found to be safe. Our study also revealed synergestic skin whitening effect of both the extracts in zebrafish larvae which might be due to reduction of melatonin content by these extracts.

The whitening effect of cuscutin responsible for traditional use of Bergenia purpurascens

Ethnopharmacological relevanceThe roots and rhizomes of Bergenia purpurascens (Hook. f. et Thomson) Engl., was used as a sunscreen to protect against ultraviolet rays in Tibet of China historically, but its skin whitening constituents and pharmacological effects of this plant remained unknown. Aim of the studyTo investigate the anti-melanogenesis effect of B. purpurascens in vitro and in vivo, and then explore the preliminary mechanism. Materials and methodsAn ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin injury model of mice was used to verify the ameliorative effect of B. purpurascens extract (BPE) on ultraviolet damage. Then, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced murine melanoma cell line (B16F10) melanin generation model was further adopted to approval the effects of BPE and its bioactive compound, cuscutin, in vitro. Moreover, α-MSH stimulated melanogenesis model in zebrafish was employed to confirm the anti-pigmentation effect of cuscutin. Then, proteins expressions associated with melanin production were observed using western blotting assay to explore preliminary mechanism. ResultsBPE inhibited UVB-induced mice injury and restored skin barrier function observably in vivo. BPE and cuscutin suppressed the overproduction of melanin in α-MSH induced B16F10 significantly, in which cuscutin exhibited better effect than well-known whitening agent α-arbutin at same 10 μg/mL concentration. Moreover, the pigmentation of zebrafish embryo was decreased by cuscutin. Finally, cuscutin showed significant downregulation of expressions of tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1), TRP-2 and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in the melanogenic signaling pathway. ConclusionB. purpurascens extract and its major bioactive constituent, cuscutin, showed potent anti-melanogenesis and skin-whitening effect by targeting TYR and TRP-2 proteins for the first time, which supported its traditional use.

Evaluation of tooth color change after a bleaching process with different lasers

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the efficiency of diode laser-activated bleaching systems for color change of teeth. 75 extracted teeth were studied in five different bleaching protocols. Group 1: diode laser 445 nm, 320 µm fiber, 0.5W, continuous wave mode, dose 53 J/cm2. Group 2: diode laser 970 nm, 320 µm fiber, 1W, continuous wave mode, dose 106.10 J/cm2. Group 3: diode laser 940 nm, bleaching handpiece, 7W, continuous wave mode, dose 105 J/cm2. Group 4: diode laser 940 nm, 300 µm fiber, 2W, continuous wave mode, dose 47.16 J/cm2. Group 5: bleaching process without laser activation. In groups 1, 2 and 5, teeth were bleached with Perfect Bleach Office + and in groups 3 and 4, LaserWhite20 bleaching gel was used. Tooth color was determined immediately after the bleaching process using a spectrophotometer. Color change data on the CIE L * a * b* system was analyzed statistically by the one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test. All bleaching procedures resulted in a change of color. All laser groups (∆E * ab > 3) have statistically larger ∆E * ab values than the control group (∆E * ab = 0.73) (p < 0.05). The diode laser 445 nm has the largest ∆E * ab value (∆E * ab = 4.65) and results in a significantly higher color difference than all other groups. In terms of color score difference in VITA Shades, all laser-activated groups lead to a lightening effect while the control group leads to only a slight lightening effect. The diode laser 445 nm produced the greatest color difference. Laser-activated bleaching is more effective than conventional bleaching without light activation. The diode laser 445 nm performs best in this in vitro study.

Evaluation of Stain Removal Efficacy and Color Stability of Three Different Dentifrices on Artificially Stained Enamel Surface-An In Vitro Study.

The aim of the present study was to assess the stain removal ability and color stability of three distinct dentifrices on artificially stained enamel surface. This study included 75 intact, healthy premolars free of dental caries that were extracted during orthodontic therapy. The samples were allowed to dry for 6 hours after being submerged in the prepared tea solution for roughly 18 hours every day. Then this procedure was repeated for seven successive days. All samples were randomly divided into three experimental groups with 25 samples in each group. Group I: control dentifrice, group II: dentifrice containing hydrogen peroxide, group III: dentifrice containing papain and bromelain. A specially designed toothbrushing simulator was used to brush every sample in the relevant group. Using a spectrophotometer and a measurement program, color measurement was evaluated after staining process after 4 weeks and 8 weeks of teeth cleaning. Using a profilometer, the surface roughness values (Ra) were assessed. After 8 weeks of brushing of stained samples, the color stability was better in dentifrice containing hydrogen peroxide (1.14 ± 0.11) followed by dentifrice containing papain and bromelain (1.22 ± 0.08) and control group (1.30 ± 0.09). And after 8 weeks of brushing of stained samples, the surface roughness was more in dentifrice containing hydrogen peroxide (0.237 ± 0.02) followed by dentifrice containing papain and bromelain (0.229 ± 0.13) and control group (0.207 ± 0.05). The present study concluded that the dentifrice containing hydrogen peroxide showed a superior whitening effect on the stained enamel surface than dentifrice containing papain and bromelain and control dentifrice. The development of various dentifrice products has been greatly aided by the increased demand for an improved esthetic appearance. Teeth's natural color and any external stains that could accumulate on the tooth surface combine to determine a tooth's color. Additionally, the use of whitening dental pastes to remove external stains has grown in favor. With the development of these whitening toothpastes, dentifrices' ability to lessen or eliminate extrinsic dental stains has increased. How to cite this article: Mishra D, Kamath DG, Alagla M, et al. Evaluation of Stain Removal Efficacy and Color Stability of Three Different Dentifrices on Artificially Stained Enamel Surface-An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(1):68-71.

Research on the brightening effect of miscible wetting additives on fly ash coatings

Abstract The resource utilization of fly ash has always been a popular topic in the field of solid waste recycling. This paper is based on the three-phase reaction system of “fly ash (s)-[Ca(OH)2–H2O/ethanol] (l)-CO2 (g)”, using the bubble carbonization method to carry out heterogeneous phase reaction with fly ash as the core crystallized to form a fly ash-based calcium carbonate composite with higher brightness. The composite material is used in the filling of paper instead of calcium carbonate filler. Based on the previous research of our team, we focused on exploring the addition of miscible wettability additives (ethanol and acetone) to improve the wettability of the reaction system, thereby improving the whitening and modification effect of fly ash. The results showed that the addition of ethanol and acetone can significantly improve the coating effect of fly ash, however, acetone is slightly toxic, more volatile, and expensive than ethanol, so ethanol is more suitable as a wetting agent to be added to the reaction system. Under the optimal coating conditions, when the ratio of ethanol and water is 1:1, the brightness of fly ash can reach 71.62 % ISO, which is 17.29 % ISO higher than that without ethanol.