Effects Of Water-soluble Vitamin Research Articles

Effect of water-soluble vitamins on the structure and properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiopehene):poly(styrenesulfonate)

Intrinsically conducting polymers can have important application in biology because they can be conductive and have good biological compatibility. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has been the most popular conductive polymer in biological application due to its solution processability in water. PEDOT:PSS can be used as electrode materials or active materials of biological devices or circuits. It is important to study the effect of biomaterials on the structure and properties of PEDOT:PSS films. In this work, water-soluble vitamins that are biomaterials needed for organisms are used to treat PEDOT:PSS. They can significantly enhance the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS from 0.3 S cm−1 up to higher than 1000 S cm−1. The conductivity enhancement depends on the structure of vitamins. The highest conductivity enhancement was observed for PEDOT:PSS treated with vitamin B3. The vitamin-induced changes in the structure and properties of PEDOT:PSS were studied by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, temperature-dependence of resistance measurements, atomic force microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The characterizations indicate that vitamins can induce phase segregation between PEDOT and PSS and the conformational change of the PEDOT chains. These discoveries are important to understand the application of PEDOT:PSS in biology and the development of new biological application of PEDOT:PSS.

Water Soluble Vitamins Enhance the Growth of Microorganisms in Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition Solutions.

Peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) solutions contain amino acids, glucose, and electrolytes, with or without some water soluble vitamins. Peripheral venous catheters are one of the causes of catheter related blood stream infection (CRBSI), which requires infection control. In Japan, PPN solutions have rarely been prepared under aseptic conditions. However, in recent years, the necessity of adding vitamins to infusions has been reported. Therefore, we investigated the effects of water soluble vitamins on growth of microorganisms in PPN solutions. AMINOFLUID® (AF), BFLUID® (BF), PARESAFE® (PS) and PAREPLUS® (PP) PPN solutions were used. Water soluble vitamins contained in PP were also used. Causative microorganisms of CRBSI were used. Staphylococcus epidermidis decreased after 24 hours or 48 hours in all solutions. On the other hand, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans increased, especially in PP. When each water soluble vitamin was added to BF and PS, growth of S. aureus was greater in solutions that contained nicotinamide than in solutions that contained other vitamins. As for C. albicans, they grew in all test solutions. C. albicans grew especially well in solutions that contained biotin. When commercial amino acids and glucose solutions with electrolytes are administered, in particular those containing multivitamins or water soluble vitamins, efforts to control infection must be taken to prevent proliferation of microorganisms.

Effect of supplementation of water-soluble vitamins on oxidative stress and blood pressure in prehypertensives

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of water-soluble vitamins on oxidative stress and blood pressure in prehypertensives. Sixty prehypertensives were recruited and randomized into 2 groups of 30 each. One group received water-soluble vitamins and the other placebo for 4 months. Further increase in blood pressure was not observed in the vitamin group which increased significantly in the placebo group at the end of 4 months. Malonedialdehyde and protein carbonylation were reduced during the course of treatment with vitamins whereas in the placebo group there was an increase in the level of malondialdehyde. In conclusion, supplementation of water-soluble vitamins in prehypertension reduces oxidative stress and its progression to hypertension.

Effect of water soluble vitamins on Zn transport of Caco-2 cells and their implications under oxidative stress conditions

The role of different water soluble vitamins in Zn metabolism beyond intestinal Zn absorption is poorly explored. Using Caco-2 cells, effects of different vitamins on intestinal Zn transport and their implications under oxidative stress (OS) were investigated. Cells were apically treated with Zn (25 muM) and vitamins (Folic acid (FA), Nicotinic acid (NA), Ascorbic acid (AA), riboflavin, thiamine, pyridoxine) for 60 min. The effect of most promising vitamins on zinc transport, antioxidant enzymes (Catalase, Glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase), and intracellular OS status (ROS generation and mitochondrial transmembrane potential) were investigated. OS was generated by tert-butyl hydro peroxide and results for each vitamin were compared with respective Zn containing controls with and without OS. Without OS, Zn transport was slightly enhanced in presence of NA, while it was significantly reduced by thiamine, riboflavin, and pyridoxine. Under OS, NA significantly (P < 0.01) enhanced Zn transport in dose-dependent manner, while, pyridoxine and AA moderately improved it. Under both conditions, Zn transport exhibited decreasing trend with increase of FA. The antioxidant enzyme and OS markers levels varied significantly in Zn + vitamins. With Zn + FA + OS, enzyme activities decreased maximally, with twofold increase in 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF-DA) (P < 0.01) and lowering of rhodamine fluorescence (P < 0.05). In Zn + AA + OS, DCF-DA fluorescence increased (P < 0.05) but with NA, cellular enzymes, and antioxidant profile were improved. Results for the first time demonstrate advantageous effects of NA and deleterious consequences of FA with no effect by AA on Zn transport, especially under OS. These observed changes in the transport of Zn seem to have an impact on OS markers.

A novel water-soluble vitamin E derivative protects against aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats

Oxygen radical-mediated lipid peroxidation and neutrophil activation may be involved in the development of gastric mucosal injury induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Vitamin E is one of the lipid-soluble antioxidants and is generally considered to protect against lipid peroxidation of the cell membrane and to scavenge singlet oxygen and superoxide anion radicals. Our object was to investigate the antioxidative effects of water-soluble vitamin E derivative, 2-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)methyl-2,5,7,8-tetra-methylchroman-6-ol (TMG), on aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Gastric injury was induced by intragastric administration of aspirin and 0.15 N HCl in male Sprague-Dawley rats. TMG dissolved in physiological saline was injected intraperitoneally 0.5 h before the aspirin administration. The intragastric administration of acidified aspirin induced hyperemia and hemorragic erosions in rat stomach. The increase in total area of gastric erosions was reduced by pretreatment with TMG in a dose-dependent manner. The increases of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBA-RS) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity 3 h after aspirin administration were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with TMG. The gastric concentration of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractants-1 (CINC-1) increased after aspirin administration, and the increase was also inhibited by pretreatment with TMG. These results suggest that TMG is effective for the treatment of aspirin-induced gastric injury. This anti-inflammatory effect of TMG seems to be related to impairment of lipid peroxidation, neutrophil function and cytokine production in gastric mucosa.

A novel vitamin E derivative (TMG) protects against gastric mucosal damage induced by ischemia and reperfusion in rats.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidative effects of water-soluble vitamin E derivative, 2-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)methyl-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-6-ol (TMG), on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) -induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Gastric ischemia was induced by applying a small clamp to the celiac artery and reoxygenation was produced by removal of the clamp. The area of gastric mucosal erosion, the concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, and the myeloperoxidase activity in gastric mucosa significantly increased in I/R groups compared with those of sham-operated groups. These increases were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with TMG. The contents of both mucosal TNF-alpha and CINC-2beta in I/R groups were also increased compared with the levels of those in sham-operated groups. These increases of the inflammatory cytokines were significantly inhibited by the treatment with TMG. It is concluded that TMG inhibited lipid peroxidation and reduced development of the gastric mucosal inflammation induced by I/R in rats.

Effect of water-soluble vitamins on the production of indole-3-acetic acid by Azospirillum brasilense

The effects of six water-soluble vitamins on tryptophandependent synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid in Azospirillum brasilense were investigated. A multifactorial regression analysis was employed to produce models of indole-3-acetic acid synthesis versus concentrations of tryptophan and the vitamins added to the growth medium. Very low levels of the B-group vitamins added at 10 to 100μg 1 −1 affected production of indole-3-acetic acid in A. brasilense. The largest release of this phytohormone was observed after amendment with pyridoxine and nicotinic acid. Results of the study suggest a role these vitamins may fulfil in the regulation of indole-3-acetic acid synthesis in A. brasilense.

Culture of one-cell hamster embryos with water soluble vitamins: pantothenate stimulates blastocyst production.

The effects of water-soluble vitamins, singly or in combinations, on development of hamster 1-cell embryos were examined in a protein-free, chemically defined culture medium, HECM-6. Pantothenate significantly stimulated blastocyst development compared to the vitamin-free control and to every other single vitamin, except thiamine. Ascorbic acid, biotin, choline, folic acid, inositol, niacinamide, pyridoxal, riboflavin and thiamine had no detectable stimulation or inhibition on cleavage stage development or morula/blastocyst formation. When combinations of vitamins were tested, embryo development was either unchanged or significantly greater than in the control, but never significantly greater than development with pantothenate alone. A dose response to pantothenate indicated that 3 micromol/l was the optimum concentration. After embryo transfer, the percentage of live fetuses recovered per 100 1-cell embryos cultured in HECM-6 plus pantothenate (now designated HECM-9) was 24%, significantly higher than the 11% recovered from 100 1-cell embryos cultured in HECM-6 alone. This is the first report to show a stimulatory effect of a single vitamin on in-vitro development of preimplantation embryos in any mammalian species.

What is the relationship between the metabolism of preimplantation embryos and their developmental competence?

What is the relationship between the metabolism of preimplantation embryos and their developmental competence?

Studies on the Inactivation of N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine by the Addition of Soluble Vitamins and SH Compounds.

The relationship between the inhibitory effects of water soluble vitamins and SH compounds on the formation of O6-methyldeoxyguanosine (MedGuo) and on the mutagenicity of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) was investigated. Thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), pyridoxine (B6), nicotinamide, ascorbic acid (AsA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) were selected as water soluble vitamins, and cysteine (Cys) and glutathione (GSH) were also selected as SH compounds. In the experiments of the inhibitory effects of the compounds on the formation of O6-MedGuo, MNNG, 2'-deoxyguanosine and each of the above compounds were incubated at 37°C for 6 h, and the resulting O6-MedGuo was derivatized to the fluorescent compound. Then, the fluorophore was determined by HPLC, and the formation ratio (%) of O6-MedGuo was calculated and compared to that in the reaction without vitamin or SH compound. By the addition of SH compounds (100-folds molar of MNNG), the amounts of the formed O6-MedGuo was depressed to less than 10%. The inhibitory effects of AsA and DHA on the formation of O6-MedGuo were greater than those of other vitamins. The desmutagenic effects of AsA and Cys on the mutagenicity of MNNG in Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 were observed, and the mutagenicity was reduced to 10% or less by the addition of equimolar AsA and Cys to MNNG. The desmutagenic effects of B1, B2 and B6 on MNNG were not observed.

Effect of Water-Soluble Vitamins and Related Substances on Inactivation of Phage J1 by Ascorbic Acid

Effect of Water-Soluble Vitamins and Related Substances on Inactivation of Phage J1 by Ascorbic Acid

EFFECTS OF WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMIN E ADMINISTRATION ON THE PITUITARY-GONADAL SYSTEM OF THE MOUSE.

EFFECTS OF WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMIN E ADMINISTRATION ON THE PITUITARY-GONADAL SYSTEM OF THE MOUSE.

Effect of water-soluble vitamins on rat diaphragm carbohydrate metabolism

Oxygen and glucose uptakes and glycogen content of isolated rat diaphragm were studied in phosphate-saline medium containing 120 mg% glucose in the presence of moderate up to very high levels of various water-soluble vitamins. Of the significant findings, calcium pantothenate, methyl-methionine-sulfonium chloride, and ascorbic acid, each at a level of 0.75 mg, depressed oxygen uptake. At the latter concentration, inositol and pyridoxine hydrochloride caused a small but definite increase in the mean glycogen level, and PABA depressed both oxygen and glucose uptake by the muscle. More physiologically significant results were obtained with α-lipoic acid, which markedly decreased the glycogen content even at a level of 5 μg, and citrovorum factor (leucovorin; 10 μg), which strongly depressed both the glucose uptake and glycogen. The effect with citrovorum factor did not extend to folic or tetrahydrofolic acids, the three being compared at a level of 1.1 μ M.

EFFECT OF WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS AND THEIR ANALOGUES ON GROWTH OF CANDIDA ALBICANS. III. PARA-AMINOBENZOIC ACID, NICOTINIC ACID, INOSITOL AND THEIR ANALOGUES.

By using high concentrations of vitamins in biotin basal synthetic mineral medium,Candida albicans was shown to possess a partial dependency forp-aminobenzoic acid, nicotinic acid and inositol. Sodium gantrisin [N1-3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl sulfanilamide)] was growth inhibitory in the absence ofp-aminobenzoic acid and its effect was reversed byp-aminobenzoic acid. Similarly, pyridine-3-sulfonic acid was growth inhibitory to the organism in the absence of nicotinic acid and its effect was reversed by nicotinic acid. Additions of biotins, thiamine, vitamin B12, nicotinic acid,p-amino-benzoic acid and inositol to basal synthetic medium showed clear-cut growth stimulation for each vitamin. Parallel omission type experiments on the other hand, demonstrated a masking effect of one vitamin on another. Ascorbic acid, riboflavin, calcium pantothenate choline, folic acid and thioctic acid were without effect. A new procedure for the determination of microbial vitamin requirements was outlined.

EFFECT OF WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS AND THEIR ANALOGUES ON THE GROWTH OF CANDIDA ALBICANS. I. BIOTIN, PYRIDOXAMINE, PYRIDOXINE AND FLUORINATED PYRIMIDINES.

C. albicans showed an absolute dependency for biotin in shaker cultures in a basal mineral synthetic medium free of vitamin-precursors and vitamin-sparing amino acids. Diminished growth activity was observed with biotin sulfone and biotin diamine sulfate, but not with biocytin, N-biotinyl-β-alanine, N-biotinyl-L-aspartic ethyl ester, D-desthiobiotin or biotin-D-sulfoxide. The ability of the organism to utilize desthiobiotin indicates that its block in biosynthesis of biotin occurs at a step prior to desthiobiotin biosynthesis. Pyridoxamine and pyridoxine were both highly growth stimulatory at 1000 and 2056 µg/ml but not in the vitamin range at 1 to 10 µg/ml. Since desoxypyridoxine compounds failed to inhibit growth in the absence of B6, it was concluded thatC. albicans has no dependency for vitamin B6, although it actively metabolizes it. Pyridoxamine shortened the lag phase of the organism and reversed the toxicity of 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine, pointing to a new role of vitamin B6 in nucleic acid metabolism of the organism. Inhibition indices for pyridoxamine and pyridoxine versus FU and FUDR were inconstant, indicating that the antagonism with the fluoropyrimidines was non-competitive in nature and the B6 competes with these compounds at more than one site on the cell.

EFFECT OF WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS AND THEIR ANALOGUES ON GROWTH OF CANDIDA ALBICANS. II. VITAMIN B12, THIAMINE, OXYTHIAMINE, NEOPYRITHIAMINE, SUBSTITUTED PYRIMIDINES AND THIAZOLES.

By employing wide ranges in vitamin concentrations in biotin basal mineral synthetic medium, it was demonstrated that vitamin B12 markedly stimulated the growth ofCandida albicans, the organism showing a partial dependency upon this vitamin. Growth inhibition by 5-fluorouracil was reversed non-competitively by vitamin B12, suggesting that B12 has a role in nucleic acid biosynthesis of the organism. Thiamine was growth stimulatory, the organism being partially dependent upon this vitamin as well. Neopyrithiamine and oxythiamine were growth inhibitory in thiamine-free biotin basal mineral synthetic medium although the halves of each inhibitor compound were non-inhibitory. Neopyrithiamine inhibition was reversed by intact thiamine but not by pyrimidine thiamine or thiazole thiamine; while oxythiamine inhibition was reversed by thiamine and pyrimidine thiamine but not by thiazole thiamine, the inference being drawn that oxythiamine selectively blocks utilization of pyrimidine thiamine. Twenty-seven different substituted pyrimidines, thiazoles and related thiamine compounds were all utilizable byC. albicans in thiamine-free basal synthetic mineral medium, the organism presumably synthesizing thiamine when presented with the constituent parts of these thiamine analogues. Substitution of sulfur of the thiazole ring with oxygen, as in α-methyloxazolium, failed to produce an inhibitory compound forC. albicans. Acetylthiamine, allithiamine, cocarboxylase, tetrahydrothiamine and dihydrothiamine were equally as growth stimulatory as thiamine.

The Effect of Water-Soluble Vitamins and Energy Level of the Diet on the Performance of Laying Pullets

IT IS generally accepted that the amount of feed consumed per bird decreases as the energy content of the diet increases. The hypothesis that high energy diets should contain higher levels of other nutrients such as protein and vitamins than low energy diets, because of the reduced intake, has been expressed. Thayer (1953) reported that levels of niacin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid and folic acid above the recommended requirements were needed in high energy rations for maximum egg production and economy of feed utilization.The effect of energy level of the diet on the performance of laying birds has not been extensively reported. Hill and co-workers (1954) compared diets containing 930, 840 and 740 Calories of productive energy per pound. They found that the 740 and 840 Calorie diets did not support maximum egg production during the cold winter months. Energy level of the diet had a marked effect on the …