Effect Of Vitamin B12 Research Articles

Effects of vitamin B6 and folic acid on cardiovascular biomarkers and oxidative stress parameters in cardiac tissue of hyperhomocysteinemic rats

Effects of vitamin B6 and folic acid on cardiovascular biomarkers and oxidative stress parameters in cardiac tissue of hyperhomocysteinemic rats

Role of vitamin B12 and folic acid in treatment of Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis of randomized control trials.

Vitamin B12 and folic acid could reduce blood homocysteine levels, which was thought to slow down the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but previous studies regarding the effect of vitamin B12 and folic acid in treatment of AD have not reached conclusive results. We searched PubMed and Embase until January 12, 2023. Only randomized control trials involving participants clearly diagnosed with AD and who received vitamin B12 and folic acid were enrolled. Five studies that met the criteria were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Changes in cognitive function were measured based on either the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) or the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog). Changes in daily life function and the level of blood homocysteine were also investigated. After a 6-month treatment, administration of vitamin B12 and folic acid improved the MMSE scores more than placebo did (SMD = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.32, p = 0.04) but did not significantly affect ADAS-Cog scores (SMD = 0.06, 95% CI = -0.22 to 0.33, p = 0.68) or measures of daily life function. Blood homocysteine levels were significantly decreased after vitamin B12 and folic acid treatment. Participants with AD who received 6 months of vitamin B12 and folic acid supplementation had better MMSE scores but had no difference in ADAS-Cog scores. Daily life function did not improve after treatment.

Preliminary findings on the effect of vitamin B6 on zebrafish social behavior

Preliminary findings on the effect of vitamin B6 on zebrafish social behavior

Evaluation of vitamin B12 levels among severe obese and obese adolescents.

Obesity, whose prevalence is increasing globally, is malnutrition that causes micro/macronutrients and vitamin deficiencies in adolescents. Vitamin B12 plays a prominent role in the body systems such as remethylation, deoxidation, and DNA synthesis. We aimed to examine the relationship between severe obese/obese adolescents and vitamin B12 levels in this study. This study was conducted as a case-control study consisting of 44 obese and 40 healthy control adolescents aged 11-17 years. Obesity was diagnosed using body mass index (BMI) charts defined by the World Health Organization according to age and gender. Vitamin B12 deficiency was found to be 34.1% in the patient obesity group, while it was 12.5% in the control group (p = 0.02). Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance levels were found to be 3.09 (1.9-5.29) higher in the severely obese group (p < 0.001). The median level of vitamin B12 in the obese group was 173 (122.5-220.7) in the severe obese group, 197 (146.5-302.7) in the obese group, and 252.5 (192.8-302) in the control group (p = 0.021). We found that obesity has a 1.6-fold decreasing effect on vitamin B12 levels. This study shows the clinician the importance of monitoring BMI and vitamin B12 levels in obese adolescents, given the effects of vitamin B12 on neuronal migration, metabolic reactions, and many systems in the body. Further researches are needed to investigate the pathophysiology and effect of low vitamin B12 levels in obese adolescents.

THE INFLUENCE OF THIAMINE AND ITS CATABOLITES ON THE MAGNITUDE OF ELECTROPHORETIC VELOCITY AND THE ζ-POTENTIAL OF YEAST SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE

Problem: Yeast cell solutions are thought to be more stable with an increase in the negative charge of their cell surface, which can be controlled by the level of ζ-potential or electrophoretic velocity. Thiamine is known as a yeast growth stimulant, but the effect of vitamin B1 and its catabolites on the state of yeast membranes has not been investigated. Aim. The purpose of the work is to determine the effect of different concentrations of thiamine, thiaminedisulfide, 4-methyl‑5-β-oxyethylthiazole and thiochrome on the value of the ζ-potential and electrophoretic velocity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Methods. Determination of electrophoretic velocity and ζ-potential was carried out using a microelectrophoresis unit and a microscope, the movement of yeast cells along Hemocytometer was observed. It was determined in what time (sec) the cells will pass a path equal to the side of the square in the Hemocytometer. Parameters: voltage in the circuit – 100 V, the distance between the electrodes – 2 cm, the path traveled by the yeast cells – 0.02 cm (control test). In the test samples, thiamine and its catabolites were added to the yeast suspension 15 minutes before the measurements in final concentrations of 1, 5, 10 μmol. The main results: Incubation of yeast with thiamine, which was added to the medium at concentrations of 5 and 10 μmol, increased the ζ-potential and electrophoretic velocity, respectively, by 2.75 and 1.84 times compared with the control. Thiaminedisulfide at a concentration of 10 μmol increased the studied indicators by 2.61 times, and thiochrome at a concentration of 1 μmol – by 4.26 times compared with the control. The introduction of 4-methyl‑5-β-oxyethylthiazole into the mediumat a concentration of 1 and 5 μmol also caused an increase by 1.43 and 1.24 times, respectively, compared with the control. Conclusions. Thiamine and its metabolites increased electrophoretic velocity and ζ-potential of yeast cells. Thiaminedisulfide and thiamine increased the level of the studied indicators at concentrations, respectively 10 μmol, and 5 and 10 μmol due to enhancement of oxidation processes in yeast cells, while thiochrome and 4-methyl‑5β-oxyethylthiazole acted at concentrations, 1 μmol, 1 and 5 μmol, respectively, apparently, due to the interaction with the hydrophobic pockets of proteins.

Effects of vitamin B6 on cardiovascular biomarkers in sera, oxidative stress parameters, and metabolic enzymes activities in cardiac tissue of rats with experimentally induced hyperhomocysteinemia

Effects of vitamin B6 on cardiovascular biomarkers in sera, oxidative stress parameters, and metabolic enzymes activities in cardiac tissue of rats with experimentally induced hyperhomocysteinemia

The effects of vitamin B6 on the nutritional support of BCAAs-enriched amino acids formula in rats with partial gastrectomy

Total parenteral nutrition with the formula of amino acids enriched branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) could promote patients' recovery after gastrointestinal surgery. Previous studies reported that vitamin B6 could promote amino acid metabolism and enhance protein synthesis. The aim of this study was to determine if the addition of vitamin B6 to BCAAs-enriched formula can enhance postoperative nutritional status and intestinal function in rats undergoing partial gastrectomy, and the appropriate compatibility concentration of vitamin B6. Fifty-six male rats were randomly divided into seven groups (n=8 per group): (I) Control, (II) BCAAs-enriched formula group (BCAA), (III) BCAA plus vitamin B6 (50mg/L), (IV) BCAA plus vitamin B6 (100mg/L), (V) BCAA plus vitamin B6 (200mg/L), (VI) BCAA plus vitamin B6 (500mg/L), and (VII) BCAA plus vitamin B6 (1000mg/L). All animals were performed partial gastrectomy and placed a jugular vein catheter. During enteral nutrition, blood and urine samples were repeatedly collected. Gastrocnemius muscle and small intestine were also collected at the end of experiment. The addition of vitamin B6 to BCAAs-enriched formula improved negative nitrogen balance after gastrectomy compared to the BCAAs-enriched formula group at POD1 (first postoperative day) and POD3 (third postoperative day), and 100mg/L was an appropriate concentration of vitamin B6 to enhance the effects of BCAAs-enriched formula. The 3-methylhistidine/creatinine in BCAA plus vitamin B6 groups were significantly lower than that in the BCAA group at POD3. Moreover, BCAA plus vitamin B6 group significantly increased the cross-sectional area of the muscle fibers compared to the BCAA group. Transcriptome sequencing, GO and KEGG enhancement analysis also showed that BCAA plus vitamin B6 group showed muscle organ development and PI3K/AKT pathway enhancement compared to BCAA group. Moreover, AKT/mTOR/4EBP1 pathway was activated in BCAA plus vitamin B6 group. In addition, the results also showed that BCAA plus vitamin B6 decreased D-lactate, and exerted synergistic effects on intestinal morphology. The addition of vitamin B6 to BCAAs-enriched formula could improve nitrogen balance, promote muscle protein synthesis through AKT/mTOR/4EBP1 pathway, and alleviate intestinal mucosa damage after partial gastrectomy in rats. Overall, the results from this pre-clinical study support the use of vitamin B6 as an ingredient to BCAAs-enriched formula, and 100mg/L may be an optimal concentration for rats.

Effects of vitamin B12 in culture medium for calcified nodule formation by rat dental pulp cells

Background/purposeTooth or bone regeneration requires large numbers of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Although dental pulp is a suitable cell source, the number of MSCs present in this tissue is limited and they require a long period for regeneration. Therefore, the present study investigated vitamin B12 (Vb12) as an osteoinductive factor for MSCs obtained from dental pulp. Materials and methodsDental pulp tissue was removed from the root canals of the extracted mandibular incisors of three 6-week-old male Fischer 344/N Slc rats using an endodontic file and whole cells were harvested. After the primary culture, cells were sub-cultured for calcified nodule formation in MEM containing dexamethasone (Dex), β-glycerophosphate (β-GP), vitamin C (Vc), and Vb12. Calcified nodules were confirmed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of cells and quantity of Ca2+ in calcified nodules were measured. Results were analyzed using the Tukey-Kramer test. ResultsDensely arranged calcified nodules were microscopically observed after the subculture of cells with Dex, β-GP, Vc, and Vb12. The ALP activity level was 0.077 ± 0.023 μmol/μg DNA in MEM supplemented with Vb12, which did not significantly differ from that without Vb12. A mass of calcium nodules formed in culture medium containing Dex, β-GP, Vc, and Vb12. The quantity of Ca2+ increased from 13.04 ± 0.44 to 20.91 ± 0.56 mg/dL (P < 0.01). ConclusionVb12 is effective for in vitro tooth or bone regeneration by the MSCs of rats and is useful as an osteoinductive factor for MSCs.

Effect of vitamin B12 on the symptom severity and psychological profile of fibromyalgia patients; a prospective pre-post study

BackgroundFibromyalgia (FM) as a prototypical nociplastic pain condition displays a difficult therapeutic situation in many cases. Given the promising data on the effect of vitamin B12 in improving pain and cognitive functions in various nociplastic pain conditions, we aimed to determine the efficacy of 1000 mcg daily dose of oral vitamin B12 on the symptom severity and psychological profile of FM patients.MethodsThis open-label, pre-post study was performed on FM patients whose diagnoses were confirmed by a rheumatologist based on the 2016 American College of Rheumatology (ACR). Patients were instructed to take a daily dose of 1000mcg vitamin B12 for fifty days. Outcome measures including the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), 12-item Short-Form health survey (SF-12), and pain Visual Analog Scale (pain-VAS) were fulfilled by patients before and after the treatment.ResultsOf 30 eligible patients, 28 patients completed the study protocol. Patients were female with a mean age of 47.50 ± 8.47 years. FIQR scores in all domains improved significantly after treatment (total FIQR: 49.8 ± 21.86 vs 40.00 ± 18.36, p value < 0.01; function: 13.17 ± 7.33 vs 10.30 ± 5.84, p value: 0.01; overall: 10.32 ± 6.22 vs 8.25 ± 6.22, p value: 0.03; symptoms: 26.30 ± 10.39 vs 21.44 ± 8.58, p value < 0.01). Vitamin B12 also improved anxiety scores from 9.33 ± 4.30 to 7.70 ± 3.60, p value: 0.01. Depression, pain-VAS, and SF-12 didn’t improve following the treatment. The Generalized estimating equations (GEE) analysis showed the improvement in total FIQR score is not cofounded by the improvement of anxiety and patients’ baseline characteristics.ConclusionsThis study showed a short course of sublingual vitamin B12, 1000 mcg daily, significantly improves the severity of FM and anxiety score. We postulate that vitamin B12 has a strong potential to consider, at least, as adjunctive therapy of FM.Trial registrationThe study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of Guilan University of Medical Sciences (IR.GUMS.REC.1400.197) in accordance with the World Medical Association’s code of ethics (Declaration of Helsinki, revised in Brazil 2013), and registered at an ICMJE and WHO recognized registry of clinical trials (www.irct.ir) on 28/08/2021 (registration number: IRCT20200920048782N1).

Effect of vitamin B6 on pain, disease severity, and psychological profile of fibromyalgia patients; a randomized, double-blinded clinical trial

BackgroundGiven the role of vitamin B6 on pronociceptive/antinociceptive neurotransmitters balance, metabolic reactions, and inflammation, it is important to clarify the effect of vitamin B6 on pain and psychological disturbance in fibromyalgia (FM). This study aimed to evaluate whether an 80-mg daily dose of vitamin B6 improves pain, disease severity and psychological symptoms of FM compared to a placebo.MethodsThis randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was performed on the FM patients whose diagnosis was confirmed by a rheumatologist based on the 2016 American College of Rheumatology (ACR). 90 Patients were randomized to receive either vitamin B6 (80 mg daily) or placebo in a 1:1 ratio, with a permuted block size of 30 stratified by disease severity. Primary outcomes included the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), 12-item short-form health survey (SF-12), and pain visual analog scale (pain-VAS)). The mean differences in outcomes (before and after treatment) were compared between the vitamin B6 and placebo groups using an independent T-test. An ANCOVA model adjusted for baseline outcome value was also provided to compare the outcomes between the two groups.ResultsOf 90 eligible patients, 60 patients (31 patients in vitamin B6 and 29 in the placebo group) completed the trial. Overall, the FIQR, pain-VAS, and HADS-anxiety scores improved after treatment in both vitamin B6 and placebo groups; However, there was no statistically significant intergroup difference regarding primary outcomes. ANCOVA model also showed no difference in the treatment effects.ConclusionsOur results showed no priority for vitamin B6 over placebo in FM patients. Considering the potential ameliorating role of vitamin B6 on pain and psychological symptoms, acknowledgment of vitamin B6 as a relatively safe adjuvant treatment needs larger future studies.Trial registrationIranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20200920048782N2 on 2021/10/04.

Effect of vitamin B12 on the oxidative stress of Sitophilus oryzae under different time course

Effect of vitamin B12 on the oxidative stress of Sitophilus oryzae under different time course

Neuroprotective Effect of Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B12 against Vincristine- Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Randomized, Double- Blind, Placebo Controlled, Multicenter Trial

Background: Vincristine leads to development of debilitating neuropathy in 40-45% patients with resultant compromised efficacy of chemotherapy, suboptimal treatment and worse prognostic outcome. Vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 improves non- oncological neuropathies. Therefore, this study investigated vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 to prevent vincristine- induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN) by reducing incidence, absolute risk, relative risk, severity as well as delaying the onset. Methods: Patients with ALL undergoing induction phase were randomly assigned into intervention or placebo arm in a double- blind manner. Vitamin B6 (25 mg Pyridoxine) two tablets were given three times daily for 5 weeks. Vitamin B12 (500 μg/ml Methyl cobalamin) was administered intravenously on day 1, 3 and 5 of every week for 5 weeks during induction period. Placebo arm received oral and intravenous placebo for same duration. Patients were evaluated on the outset of every week by FACT/GOG-NTX questionnaire. Severity was assessed per NCI-CTCAE grading scale. Results: 102 patients were enrolled. Among them 81 completed the study, where 42 received vitamin B6 and B12 and 39 received placebo. There was significant difference in incidence of neuropathy between arms (26.19% intervention arm, 56.41% placebo; P-0.01). Relative risk of neuropathy was significantly (RR-0.46) lower in intervention arm. Besides, absolute risk reduction (ARR) was 30% and relative risk reduction (RRR) was 54%. NNT was 3.33. Significant trend was observed in difference of severity of VIPN between groups (P-0.03). No significant difference observed in between arms for time to onset of neuropathy. Conclusion: Vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 significantly reduced the incidence, relative risk and severity of VIPN. NNT was encouraging too. Henceforth, the status of vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 as neuroprotective agent against VIPN can be recommended as a promising one.

Effect of Monosodium Glutamate on Female Hormonal Status and Histological Changes in Ovary Uterus and Reproductive Role of Cobalamin

The objective of this study is to explain the effect of monosodium glutamate (20,40 mg/kg body weight) in female rats reproductive system and productive effect of vitaminB12 (cobalamin). The current study consisted of 50 female rats were used that was divided into five groups. G1=control, G2=20mg/kg MSG, G3=40mg/kg MSG, G4=20+0.3mg/kg MSG+B12, G5=40+0.3mg/kg MSG+B12, the present results showed a decrease in the concentrations of the hormones LH, FSH, prolactin, estrogen and progesterone in the groups that received MSG compared to the control group during the two periods 30,60 days. The results also showed slow improvement in the level of LH when cobalamin treated as compared with the control, while there was an improvement in the level of FSH and progesterone for treatment in the second period, as for estrogen and prolactin, there was an improvement in the treatment in both periods 30,60 days.

One-carbon metabolism during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.

Many enzymes in one-carbon metabolism (OCM) are up- or down-regulated by the sex hormones which vary diurnally and throughout the menstrual cycle. During pregnancy, estradiol and progesterone levels increase tremendously to modulate physiological changes in the reproductive system. In this work, we extend and improve an existing mathematical model of hepatic OCM to understand the dynamic metabolic changes that happen during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy due to estradiol variation. In particular, we add the polyamine drain on S-adenosyl methionine and the direct effects of estradiol on the enzymes cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), thymidylate synthase (TS), and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). We show that the homocysteine concentration varies inversely with estradiol concentration, discuss the fluctuations in 14 other one-carbon metabolites and velocities throughout the menstrual cycle, and draw comparisons with the literature. We then use the model to study the effects of vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and folate deficiencies and explain why homocysteine is not a good biomarker for vitamin deficiencies. Additionally, we compute homocysteine throughout pregnancy, and compare the results with experimental data. Our mathematical model explains how numerous homeostatic mechanisms in OCM function and provides new insights into how homocysteine and its deleterious effects are influenced by estradiol. The mathematical model can be used by others for further in silico experiments on changes in one-carbon metabolism during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.

Effects of vitamin B12 on cognitive function in elderly patients

AbstractBackgroundEstablishing preventive and therapeutic methods for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an urgent issue. Because Vitamin B12(VB12) has a neuroprotective effect on the central nervous system, it has begun to receive attention. Recently, we found that VB12 can suppress β‐amyloid toxicity in vitro. Besides, it has been reported that VB12 might be useful for keeping memory in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). To clarify the effects of VB12 in AD and MCI patients, we examined the effects of the VB12 on cognitive function and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF).MethodWe examined 46 participants who consulted to our memory clinic. They were divided into three groups: Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy controls (HC) based on the National Institute on Aging‐Alzheimer’s Association (NIA‐AA) diagnostic criteria. We used Wechsler Memory Scale‐Revised(WMS‐R) to assess the cognitive function and evaluate what kind of function is degraded. Three‐dimensional stereotactic surface projection(3D‐SSP)was used to quantify the rCBF of hippocampus, thalamus, and callosomarginal regions, which had a well‐established connection with AD. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the correlations among serum VB12, WMS‐R, and rCBF in each group.ResultRegarding the correlations between VB12 and memory function, we found that the VB12 was significantly correlated with the WMS‐R scores of visual paired association I/II in the MCI group and the verbal paired associates I in the AD group (all, p&lt;0.05). Besides, there were significant correlations between VB12 and WMS‐R scores of the visual reproduction I, logical memory I, and visual memory span in the HC group (all, p&lt;0.05). Regarding the correlations between VB12 and rCBF, VB12 concentration was significantly correlated with the rCBF of the left hippocampal in the MCI group (all, p&lt;0.05). Neither AD nor HC groups showed significant correlations between rCBF and VB12. Finally, the rCBF of the left hippocampus was positively correlated with visual paired association I/II(all, p&lt;0.05).ConclusionThese results suggested that VB12 affects memory function and rCBF, especially in the MCI. Considering the relationship between WMS‐R and rCBF, VB12 may affect the progression of dementia. The early intervention with VB12 can be more effective in AD treatment strategies.

Vitamin B12 ameliorate Tramadol-induced oxidative stress, endocrine imbalance, apoptosis and NO/iNOS/NF-κB expression in Sprague Dawley rats through regulatory mechanism in the pituitary-gonadal axis

This study aimed at the effect of vitamin B12 (VB12) on tramadol (TRM) induced pituitary-gonadal Axis toxicity. Thirty-two (32) adult male rats were randomized into four groups of eight (n = 8) rats each. Group A served as control was given 1 mL normal saline, group B received 50 mg /kg bwt TRM, group C received 0.5 mg/kg bwt VB12 and group D received 50 mg /kg bwt TRM and 0.5 mg/kg bwt VB12 through gastric gavage daily for 8 weeks. Parameters tested include sperm parameter, male reproductive hormone, testicular histology, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), acid phosphate (ACP), and alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity, steroidogenic protein, cytochrome P450 A1, nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor- kappa B (NF-κB), oxidative and antioxidant makers.Tramadol significantly decreases sperm quality, hormone, steroidogenic protein, cytochrome P450 A1, ACP, ALP, and increases glucose, LDH, oxidative stress, mtTFA, and UCP2, p53 expression, NO, iNOS, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and caspase-3 activity. Degenerative alterations of the testes’ and pituitary architecture and perturbation of spermatogenesis were observed in TRM-treated rats. The intervention of VB12 downregulated testicular oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, glucose, lactate, LDH, p53, caspase-3, mtTFA, and UCP2. And upregulate antioxidant, sperm quality, hormone, and spermatogenic cells. Vitamin B12 exhibited mitigation against TRM–induced testicular dysfunction via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.

Effectiveness of Vitamin C and Vitamin B12 on Hemoglobin Levels in Pregnant Women in the Third Trimester

Anemia in pregnant women is a condition of hb levels below normal, which is below 11 gr / dl. Cangkupan giving Fe in kediri city has met the target of above 90% but still found pregnant women who have anemia. The goal of this study is to find out the effectiveness of Vitamin C and vitamin b12 against hemoglobin levels in pregnant women in the third trimester. This type of research is a pre-experimental study with two groups of pre post test designs with the population is a trimester III pregnant woman with anemia. The statistical test used is to use the paired T test and the unpaired T test.&#x0D; Based on the results of the study found that there is an effect of Vitamin C on hemoglobin levels in pregnant women with a p value: 0.000 and there is an effect of vitamin B12 on hemoglobin levels in pregnant women with a p value: 0.002. From the results of the Unpaired T Test there is a significant difference between vitamin C and Vitamin B12 there are hemoglobin levels in pregnant women in the third trimester with a value of p value: 0.038. From the results of the study, it is expected that health workers can provide additional vitamins, especially vitamin C and Vitamin B12 for the absorption of Fe tablets in pregnant women to avoid anemia.

The efficacy of vitamin B6 as an adjunctive therapy to lithium in improving the symptoms of acute mania in patients with bipolar disorder, type 1; a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial.

ObjectiveVitamin B6 has been linked to a variety of probable roles, including anti‐inflammatory, homocysteine‐lowering, serotonin‐regulating, and dopamine‐lowering. In this study, we investigated the possible effect of vitamin B6 on bipolar disorder in manic episode with psychotic feature in a placebo‐controlled double‐blind clinical trial in a psychiatric hospital.MethodsThis study was performed on 50 patients who were equally divided into two groups (each group included 25 patients) using 80 mg of vitamin B6 daily or placebo. At the beginning and end of the study, they were evaluated for lab tests, inflammatory biomarkers and level of blood homocysteine. Also, at the baseline and in weeks 2, 4, and 8, they were evaluated based on the anthropometric measurements, score obtained from the Young Mania Questionnaire, Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire.ResultsAccordingly, based on Yang Mania scoring scale, no significant difference was observed between the two groups receiving vitamin B6 and placebo (22.68 ± 5.39 vs. 21.80 ± 5.39 [p‐value = .51]). Based on MMSE, significant improvement in cognitive status was obtained in group placebo compared to vitamin B6 group (25.24 ± 1.96 vs. 24.40 ± 3.25, respectively [p‐value = .01]). At the Pittsburg scale (total, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups receiving vitamin B6 and placebo (1.04 ± 0.20 vs. 0.48 ± 0.50 [p‐value = .23]). Additionally, no significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding the anthropometric status.ConclusionsAccording to this study, the daily dose of 80 mg of vitamin B6 for 8 weeks in patients with bipolar disorder in the manic episode with psychotic feature treated daily with lithium, was not associated with a significant improvement in mood status compared to the control–placebo group. It is recommended to perform similar studies in a multi‐center manner with a larger sample size and longer duration.

Vitamin B12 Inhibits Streptozotocin-Induced Islet β-Cell Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis by Activating Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Signaling Pathway

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin B12 on islet β-cell (INS-1) induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and the potential mechanisms. In this study, CCK8 was used to detect cell viability and TUNEL assay was used to detect apoptosis levels of treated INS-1 cells. The expression level of oxidative stress factors was measured by ELISA. Furthermore, western blot assay was used to detect the expression of PPAR-γ and apoptotic factors in treated INS-1 cells. Vitamin B12 improves STZ-induced insulin secretion in INS-1 cells, oxidative stress injury and apoptosis. Moreover, Vitamin B12 can activate the PPAR-γ signaling pathway and inhibit STZ-induced INS-1 cell damage. Taken together, our study demonstrated that vitamin B12 inhibits streptozotocin-induced islet β-cell oxidative stress and apoptosis by activating PPAR-γ signaling pathway.

Features of Post-Resection Regeneration of Hepatocytes under the Influence of Intrahepatic Administration of Cyanocobalamin

Liver resection in most cases remains the only way to achieve an increase in life expectancy and cure of patients with large liver formations. In clinical practice, hepatoprotectors are used to improve metabolic processes of the liver, many of them include vitamin B12, the active form of which is able to stimulate reparative regeneration.The aim of the study was to identify morphological features of hepatocytes and the stroma of the resected liver during intra-organ intraoperative administration of cyanocobalamin to study the effect of vitamin B12 on the proliferative activity of hepatocytes.Material and methods. The experiment was conducted on 36 male Wistar rats. In 3 experimental groups of animals, a typical resection was performed in the volume of 70% of the initial liver mass, in the 1st experimental group, prevention of post-resection liver failure was not carried out, in the 2nd experimental group, 0.9% sodium chloride solution was injected into the preserved liver lobes after resection, in the 3rd-vitamin B12. In the animals of the 1st control group liver resection was not performed. The animals were removed from the experiment in 1, 7 and 14 days after the operation and liver material was selected for morphological examination.Results. A significant increase in the number of binuclear hepatocytes was noted in the animals of the 3rd experimental group in 14 days. When studying liver sections stained with silver impregnation after 14 days of the study, the number of reticular fibers in the animals of the 3rd experimental group was 90% higher than similar parameters in animals of the 1st control group, in the animals of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups it was less than 80%. In the immunohistochemical study, an increase in the proliferative activity of mononuclear and binuclear hepatocytes was observed in all experimental groups by the 14th day of the experiment compared with the 1st day. On the 14th day after the operation, the highest proliferation index was observed in the animals of the 3rd experimental group.Conclusion. The proposed method of intra-organ intraoperative administration of cyanocobalamin increases the proliferative activity of hepatocytes, increases the number of cells entering the mitotic cycle, and restores the structural organization of the liver, its anatomical and functional integrity.