Effects Of Various Types Research Articles

Microbial Community Response to Various Types of Exogenous Organic Matter Applied to Soil.

Recycling of solid biowaste and manure would reduce the dependence of agriculture on synthetic products. Most of the available studies on the effects of exogenous organic matter (EOM) application to soil were focused on nutrients and crop yield, with much less attention to microbiological processes in soil, especially using modern molecular methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various types of manure, sewage sludge and bottom sediment on the biochemical activity and biodiversity of soil and plant yield in a pot experiment. The soil was treated with a range of EOM types: six types of manure (cattle, pig, goat, poultry, rabbit and horse manure; two bottom sediments (from urban and rural systems); and two types of municipal sewage sludge. All EOMs stimulated dehydrogenases activity at a rate of 20 t ha-1. Alkaline phosphatase was mostly stimulated by poultry manure and one of the sludges. In general, the two-fold greater rate of EOMs did not further accelerate the soil enzymes. The functional diversity of the soil microbiome was stimulated the most by cattle and goat manure. EOMs produce a shift in distribution of the most abundant bacterial phyla and additionally introduce exogenous bacterial genera to soil. Poultry and horse manure introduced the greatest number of new genera that were able to survive the strong competition in soil. EOMs differentiated plant growth in our study, which was correlated to the rate of nitrate release to soil. The detailed impacts of particular amendments were EOM-specific, but in general, no harm for microbial parameters was observed for manure and sludge application, regardless of their type. There was also no proof that the PAH and pesticide contents measured in manure or sludge had any effect on microbial activity and diversity.

Влияние различных типов поверхностно-активных веществ на эмиссию газов и микробиоту жидкой фракции навозных стоков

Various surfactants are widely used in modern industrial animal husbandry. As part of detergents and pharmacological veterinary preparations, surfactants inevitably fall into manure effluents (ME), resulting in a change in the properties of ME. The study of the effect of various types of surfactants on the gas release and microbiota of the liquid fraction (LF) of ME was carried out on the example of surfactants with different biocidal activity: sodium laureth sulfate – anionactive surfactant (AS), lauryldimethylamine oxide – nonionic surfactant (NS) and benzalkonium chloride – cationic surfactant (CS). The studies were conducted under laboratory conditions. The total observation time since the introduction of additives in the LF (0,01 g per 1 liter) was 14 days. The obtained data shows changes in the dynamics of greenhouse gases (CH4 and CO2) and odor-forming substances (H2S, NH3, RSH) emission, as well as in the composition of the microbiota of biofilms and bacterioplankton, under the influence of surfactants. The dynamics of the CH4 emission differ from those of other gases. The use of CS leads to a gradual increase in CH4 emission a week after application. This may be due to increased permeability of the cytoplasmic membranes of methanogenic archaea with increased chemical resistance. The application of various types of surfactants into the LF has different effects on the dynamics of the odor-forming substances emission, and the active emission period of mercaptans becomes longer. The highest level of ethyl mercaptan was observed in the option with NS. There was no significant difference in the effect of low concentrations of various surfactants on the microbiota of LF, however the AS has a more pronounced bacteriostatic effect on set of indicators. The most tolerant to the effects of all types of surfactants were Clostridia, which dominates the microbiota biofilms and bacterioplankton. Fungi were the second most abundant in biofilms of the LF.

Effect of various types of milk on salivary pH among children: a pilot randomized controlled crossover trial

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate salivary pH changes after consuming three types of milk in children aged 3–5 years. The null hypothesis was that no statistically significant difference would be noted in the salivary pH between high-protein, full-fat, and sweetened milk groups at different time points.Materials and methodsThis was a double-blind, pilot randomized controlled crossover trial. 30 Children have undergone three experimental sessions with a 1-week washout period. Each child was given 250 mL of one of the following types of milk: high-protein, full-fat, or sweetened milk. The salivary pH was measured at the baseline (t0) after 5 (t1), 10 (t2), 15 (t3), 30 (t4), and 60 (t5) minutes of milk consumption, using a pH saliva indicator strip.ResultsThere is a sharp drop in salivary pH after 5 min of sweetened (P < 0.05) and full-fat milk consumption (p < 0.05). However, the initial drop in the salivary pH was found to remain above the critical level. For the high-protein milk group, salivary pH decreased slightly after 5 min but was similar to that at the baseline (p = 0.573). In the high-protein milk group (p < 0.05), the salivary pH was slightly greater than the baseline value at t5.ConclusionsThe study shows an initial suggestion that milk is a non-cariogenic beverage, even when sugar is added. Furthermore, high-protein milk has a protective effect from dental caries.

Study of multilayer flow of two immiscible nanofluids in a duct with viscous dissipation

Numerical simulations for the mixed convective multilayer flow of two different immiscible nanofluids in a duct with viscous heating effects were performed in this study. The left and right faces of the duct are maintained to be isothermal, while other side faces are insulated. The mathematical governing system for each layer consists of an incompressibility condition equation, the Navier–Stokes momentum equation, and the conservation of energy equation. At the interface of the immiscible layer, the continuity of velocity, shear stress, temperature, and heat flux are considered. The dimensionless equations governing each layer were numerically integrated using the finite difference method and the Southwell-over-relaxation method. A mesh independence test is conducted. Furthermore, a parametric study is performed to analyze how the different nanoparticle volume fractions and viscous heating affect the transport characteristics of engine oil–copper and mineral oil–silver nanofluids. The study also examined the effects of various types of nanoparticles and base fluids. The results demonstrated that heat transport could be efficiently controlled by considering the viscous heating aspect. Moreover, the effects of different nanoparticles on heat transport were found to be more significant than those of base fluids. Finally, a point-wise comparison of our numerical results demonstrates a good agreement with existing studies in the literature.

Intermittent Fasting and Its Effects on Weight, Glycemia, Lipids, and Blood Pressure: A Narrative Review.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a significant public health concern globally. Weight managementis crucial in controlling MetS risk factors, making energy balance and weight loss strategies important in nutrition recommendations. Intermittent fasting (IF) has gained traction as a dietary approach for weight management and cardiovascular risk reduction. However, the effects of IF on cardiovascular risk factors have been inconsistent in previous studies. This review aims to summarize the effects of various types of IF on body mass index (BMI), glycemia, lipid profile, and blood pressure, while providing insights into their clinical implications. A comprehensive search of interventional studies and meta-analyses was conducted, and the results were analyzed. The findings indicate that different types of IF lead to mixed effects. Time-restricted eating (TRE) and alternate-day fasting (ADF) consistently showed decreases in BMI, while the outcomes of intermittent energy restriction (IER) were more uncertain. The effects of IF on glycemia and lipid profile were also variable, with TRE and ADF generally showing positive results. However, the impact of IER remained inconsistent. More research is needed to understand the long-term effects and optimal implementation of IF for managing metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors.

Laser butt welding of thin stainless steel 316L sheets in asymmetric configurations: A numerical study

Laser butt welding of thin metal sheets is a widely used fusion-based joining technique in industrial manufacturing. A comprehensive understanding of the complex transport phenomena during the welding process is essential for achieving high-quality welds. In the present work, high-fidelity numerical simulations are employed to investigate the influence of various symmetric and asymmetric welding configurations on the melt-pool behaviour in conduction-mode laser butt welding of stainless steel sheets. The analysis focuses on the effects of laser power density, heat source misplacement and different welding scenarios, including plates with a root gap, high-low mismatches, and dissimilar thicknesses, on the molten metal flow and heat transfer. The results show that advection is the dominant mechanism for energy transfer in the melt pool, and its contribution increases with higher laser power. The non-uniform temperature distribution over the melt-pool surface induces Marangoni shear forces, driving the flow of molten metal and leading to the formation of vortices and periodic flow oscillations within the pool. The effects of various types of asymmetries on the thermal and molten metal flow fields, as well as the process stability, are thoroughly examined and compared with symmetrical welding configurations. These comprehensive simulations provide valuable insights into the fluid flow dynamics and thermal field evolution during laser butt welding of thin metal sheets. The knowledge gained from this study can facilitate process optimisation and guide the improvement of weld quality in practical applications.

Nitrogen regime of soddy-podzolic soil with long-term use of different types and combinations of mineral fertilizers

The purpose of the work is to study the effect of various types and combinations of mineral fertilizers on the fractional composition of nitrogen in soddy-podzolic soil in a long-term stationary experiment and compare it with a virgin analogue. The studies were carried out in 2016 and 2018 on the experimental field of the Perm Research Institute of Agriculture after harvesting barley in an eight-field crop rotation deployed on soddy-podzolic heavy loamy soil. The experiment scheme: without fertilizers: N90; Р90; К90; N90P90; N90K90; P90K90; N90Р90К90. To assess the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizers and their combinations on the nitrogen regime of soddy-podzolic soil, the arable soil was compared with the virgin analogue. The nitrogen fund of soddy-podzolic soil of a long-term stationary experiment is represented by 64…71 % non-hydrolyzable and 17…22 % hardly hydrolyzable forms of nitrogen. Long-term use of various types and combinations of mineral fertilizers did not significantly change the ratio of nitrogen fractions characteristic of virgin soils of this type. Nitrogen fertilizers, both with one-sided application and in combination with potassium chloride (N90К90) and superphosphate (N90P90), contributed to an increase in the total nitrogen content in the arable soil layer by 10…20 % relative to the control, mineral nitrogen compounds - by 2…3 times. Unilateral application of potash fertilizer provided an increase in the content of total nitrogen in the soil by 12 %, the introduction of superphosphate did not have a signi cant effect on the nitrogen regime of the soil. Long-term use of complete mineral fertilizer (N90P90K90) only in this way: (N90P90К90) contributed to maintaining total nitrogen at the level of virgin soil - 1490 mg/kg. Long-term unilateral application of nitrogen fertilizers increased the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil over the entire meter layer by 1.5-2.5 times, ammonium - by 1.5-14.6 times. The reserves of mineral nitrogen in the variants N90P90, N90K90, and N90P90K90 in the 0-20 cm layer increased 2-3 times, in the 0-100 cm layer - 2 times relative to the control variant.

Effectiveness of various types of coating materials applied in reinforced concrete exposed to freeze–thaw cycles and chlorides

This study assesses the durability of coated and uncoated concrete surfaces protected with four different coating materials: water-soluble (BW), solvent-based (BR), mineral (MI), and epoxy (EP). The durability assessment includes evaluating the absorption rate of water, pull-off adhesion strength, and coating material thickness. Concrete samples were subjected to immersion in regular water and a 7% urea solution, followed by cyclic freezing and thawing. Furthermore, the diffusion of chloride ions in concrete was evaluated using the impressed voltage method, with the samples exposed to the aging process immersed in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The results indicate that EP and BW coatings were significantly affected by the presence of urea and freeze–thaw cycles, resulting in a 43% and 47% reduction in pull-off adhesion strength, respectively. Notably, the MI-coated concrete samples exposed to urea solution and the freeze–thaw cycles exhibited a significant reduction in the absorption rate due to the accumulation of crystals on the coating surface, resulting in reduced porosity of the material.

Effect of Olive Mill Wastes on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Maize Yield Under Saline Soil Conditions

The addition of olive mill wastes (OMW) to agricultural soils has becoming a common disposal strategy to improve the soil’s physical and chemical properties. There is a dearth of information concerning the impact of OMW on soil properties in Egypt's saline soil conditions. Consequently, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various types of OMW on soil properties and maize yield in saline soil conditions. This study conducted field experiments in the North Sinai Governorate of Egypt on salt-affected sandy clay loam soil. Different types of OMW were applied at rates of 5 and 10 tons per hectare, either in fresh or compost form, individually or in combination with effective microorganisms (EM-1). The results revealed that the compost from EM-Bokashi and OMW treatment (T7) at a rate of 10 tons per hectare significantly decreased pH, EC, and ESP values. For instance, application of T7 significantly decreased EC by 30.6 and 34.8% compared to the fresh OMW treatment (T3) at a rate of 10 tons per hectare in the soil depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm, respectively. Moreover, the T7 treatment significantly decreased soil bulk density by 18.7 and 20% compared to the control treatment (T1) in the soil depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm, respectively. However, the differences between T7 and other treatments were not significant. Furthermore, the application of T7 significantly increased maize yield by 38.5% compared to T1. Overall, the best treatment for reducing salinity and bulk density as well as enhancing soil fertility and maize yields was the application of T7 at a rate of 10 tons per hectare. Therefore, it is desirable to encourage farmers to use the compost of EM-Bokashi and OMW at the rate of 10 tons per hectare as soil amendment in order to enhance soil physicochemical properties and fertility status and to obtain high yields under saline conditions. This practice allows farmers to produce high yields even in saline conditions by improving soil physicochemical properties and fertility status.

Effects of Various Types of Vacuum Cold Plasma Treatment on the Chemical and Functional Properties of Whey Protein Isolate with a Focus on Interfacial Properties

Vacuum cold plasma (VCP), a novel non-thermal processing technology used to modify the physicochemical properties and functionalities of food materials, was applied to whey protein isolate (WPI). The treatment affects the protein chemistry and, as a result, leads to differences in the behavior in solution and at interfaces. To minimize the undesirable effects of high oxidation and to increase the effectiveness of reactive species, the VCP treatment was applied at low pressure using different types of gases (air, combination of argon and air, and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)). The treatment led to a decrease in the sulfur content and an increase in the carbonyl content, evidenced by oxidation reactions and enhanced disulfide bond formation, as well as cross-linking of protein molecules. Fluorescence-based indicators suggest that the hydrophobicity of the proteins as well as their aggregation increase after VCP treatment with an argon–air gas mixture; however, it decreases after VCP treatments with air and SF6. The chemical modifications further lead to changes in the pH of aqueous WPI solutions, as well as the average size and ζ-potential of WPI aggregates. Moreover, the dynamic surface tension, surface dilational elasticity, and the thickness of the WPI adsorption layers at the air/water interface depend on the VCP type. SF6 plasma treatment leads to a significant decrease in pH and an increase in the ζ-potential, and consequently to a significant increase in the aggregate size. The dynamic surface tension as well as the adsorption rates increase after SF6VCP treatment, but decrease after air–VCP and argon–air–VCP treatments. The adsorbed WPI aggregates form strong viscoelastic interfacial layers, the thickness of which depends on the type of VCP treatment.

Costs and cost-effectiveness of Shamiri, a brief, layperson-delivered intervention for Kenyan adolescents: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundLow- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have the highest socio-economic burden of mental health disorders, yet the fewest resources for treatment. Recently, many intervention strategies, including the use of brief, scalable interventions, have emerged as ways of reducing the mental health treatment gap in LMICs. But how do decision makers prioritize and optimize the allocation of limited resources? One approach is through the evaluation of delivery costs alongside intervention effectiveness of various types of interventions. Here, we evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Shamiri, a group– and school–based intervention for adolescent depression and anxiety that is delivered by lay providers and that teaches growth mindset, gratitude, and value affirmation.MethodsWe estimated the cost-effectiveness of Shamiri using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) guidelines for economic evaluations. Changes in depression and anxiety were estimated using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire (GAD-7) at treatment termination and 7-month follow-up using two definitions of treatment benefit. Cost-effectiveness metrics included effectiveness-cost ratios and cost per number needed to treat.ResultsBase case cost assumptions estimated that delivering Shamiri cost $15.17 (in 2021 U.S. dollars) per student. A sensitivity analysis, which varied cost and clinical change definitions, estimated it cost between $48.28 and $172.72 to help 1 student in Shamiri, relative to the control, achieve reliable and clinically significant change in depression and anxiety by 7-month follow-up.ConclusionsShamiri appears to be a low-cost intervention that can produce clinically meaningful reductions in depression and anxiety. Lay providers can deliver effective treatment for a fraction of the training time that is required to become a licensed mental health provider (10 days vs. multiple years), which is a strength from an economic perspective. Additionally, Shamiri produced reliable and clinically significant reductions in depression and anxiety after only four weekly sessions instead of the traditional 12–16 weekly sessions necessary for gold-standard cognitive behavioral therapy. The school setting, group format, and economic context of a LMIC influenced the cost per student; however, broader conclusions about the cost-effectiveness of Shamiri have yet to be determined due to limited economic evaluations of mental health programs in LMICs.Trial registrationThis study was registered prior to participant enrollment in the Pan-African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR201906525818462), registered 20 Jun 2019, https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/Search.aspx.

Annealing and Doping Effects on Transition Metal Dichalcogenides—Based Devices: A Review

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) have been considered promising electronic materials in recent years. Annealing and chemical doping are two core processes used in manufacturing electronic devices to modify properties and improve device performance, where annealing enhances crystal quality, reduces defects, and enhances carrier mobility, while chemical doping modifies conductivity and introduces new energy levels within the bandgap. In this study, we investigate the annealing effects of various types of dopants, time, and ambient conditions on the diverse material properties of TMDCs, including crystal structure quality, defect density, carrier mobility, electronic properties, and energy levels within the bandgap.

Synthesis and Evaluation of 177Lu-DOTA-PD-L1-i and 225Ac-HEHA-PD-L1-i as Potential Radiopharmaceuticals for Tumor Microenvironment-Targeted Radiotherapy.

Current cancer therapies focus on reducing immunosuppression and remodeling the tumor microenvironment to inhibit metastasis, cancer progression, and therapeutic resistance. Programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) is expressed on immune T cells and is one of the so-called checkpoint proteins that can suppress or stop the immune response. To evade the immune system, cancer cells overexpress a PD-1 inhibitor protein (PD-L1), which binds to the surface of T cells to activate signaling pathways that induce immune suppression. This research aimed to synthesize PD-L1 inhibitory peptides (PD-L1-i) labeled with lutetium-177 (177Lu-DOTA-PD-L1-i) and actinium-225 (225Ac-HEHA-PD-L1-i) and to preclinically evaluate their potential as radiopharmaceuticals for targeted radiotherapy at the tumor microenvironment level. Using PD-L1-i peptide as starting material, conjugation with HEHA-benzene-SCN and DOTA-benzene-SCN was performed to yield DOTA-PD-L1-i and HEHA-PD-L1-I, which were characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis spectroscopy, and HPLC. After labeling the conjugates with 225Ac and 177Lu, cellular uptake in HCC827 cancer cells (PD-L1 positive), conjugate specificity evaluation by immunofluorescence, radiotracer effect on cell viability, biodistribution, biokinetics, and assessment of radiation absorbed dose in mice with in duced lung micrometastases were performed. 225Ac-HEHA-PD-L1-i and 177Lu-DOTA-PD-L1-i, obtained with radiochemical purities of 95 ± 3% and 98.5 ± 0.5%, respectively, showed in vitro and in vivo specific recognition for the PD-L1 protein in lung cancer cells and high uptake in HCC287 lung micrometastases (>30% ID). The biokinetic profiles of 177Lu-DOTA-PD-L1-i and 225Ac-DOTA-PD-L1-i showed rapid blood clearance with renal and hepatobiliary elimination and no accumulation in normal tissues. 225Ac-DOTA-PD-L1-i produced a radiation dose of 5.15 mGy/MBq to lung micrometastases. In the case of 177Lu-DOTA-PD-L1-i, the radiation dose delivered to the lung micrometastases was ten times (43 mGy/MBq) that delivered to the kidneys (4.20 mGy/MBq) and fifty times that delivered to the liver (0.85 mGy/MBq). Therefore, the radiotherapeutic PD-L1-i ligands of 225Ac and 177Lu developed in this research could be combined with immunotherapy to enhance the therapeutic effect in various types of cancer.

Research Progress on Nanomaterials for Tissue Engineering in Oral Diseases.

Due to their superior antibacterial properties, biocompatibility and high conductivity, nanomaterials have shown a broad prospect in the biomedical field and have been widely used in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases. Also due to their small particle sizes and biodegradability, nanomaterials can provide solutions for tissue engineering, especially for oral tissue rehabilitation and regeneration. At present, research on nanomaterials in the field of dentistry focuses on the biological effects of various types of nanomaterials on different oral diseases and tissue engineering applications. In the current review, we have summarized the biological effects of nanoparticles on oral diseases, their potential action mechanisms and influencing factors. We have focused on the opportunities and challenges to various nanomaterial therapy strategies, with specific emphasis on overcoming the challenges through the development of biocompatible and smart nanomaterials. This review will provide references for potential clinical applications of novel nanomaterials in the field of oral medicine for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases.

A Comparative Study of Mucosal Wound Healing after Excision with a Scalpel, Diode Laser, or CO2 Laser.

Forty-five Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study. These rats were divided into two laser intervention groups (CO2, n = 15; diode, n = 15) and one control group with scalpel excision (n = 15). The effectiveness of therapy has been assessed based on the comparison of intraoperative, postoperative, and histological parameters on days 7, 21, and 35, and postoperative weight changes as pain indicator. Both laser groups demonstrated significantly (P < 0.05) less bleeding than did the control group during the intraoperative stage, whereas the CO2 laser showed more precise cutting compared with the diode laser (P < 0.05). The highest healing score was reported in the CO2 and scalpel groups on the first week of healing than in the diode group (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between the groups on days 21 and 35. Weight loss was significantly (P < 0.05) demonstrated in the diode group compared to the scalpel and CO2 groups till day 7. Both laser groups demonstrated delayed healing process compared with the scalpel. Nevertheless, the CO2 group followed the scalpel trends after day 7. Scalpel and CO2 laser yielded a superior clinical outcome compared with the diode excision of oral mucosa, whereby the CO2 has been proposed as the most effective laser type at the end of the first postoperative month.

An energy-efficient pumping system for sustainable cities and society: Optimization, mathematical modeling, and, impact assessment

In this research work, we have focused on one of the reasons called drawdown (difference between static and pumping heads) for getting maximum efficiency. Therefore, various mechanical attachments have been designed and fabricated for performance evaluation. Since pump performance and drawdown are inversely related, the primary goal is to reduce drawdown as much as possible. The effect of various types of mechanical attachments on pump performance is investigated in this research work. Three bowl-type mechanical attachments can be integrated at once and can increase efficiency by up to 58%, which is 8% more than utilizing no attachment. Additionally, the impact of bore well diameter on pump performance has been studied. In addition, the impact of applying mechanical attachment at two pumping sites has been investigated, and a considerable amount of energy savings has been found. The response surface methodology (RSM)-based optimization of the various input parameters has also been examined. It was found that the maximum 62.04 % could be achieved through a head of 66.5 m, a discharge of 0.012 m3/s, an input power of 12,605 W, and a bore well diameter of 0.215054 m, having three bowl-type mechanical attachments at a time. The mathematical modeling was also performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and formulated some equations for pumping efficiency with various pumping input parameters. Since there is very little variation between actual and anticipated performance, it can be used to evaluate the pumping system’s performance in relation to various input parameters. As a result, maintaining sustainable cities and societies might greatly benefit from the energy-efficient pumping system.

The Anticancer Effect of Napabucasin (BBI608), a Natural Naphthoquinone.

Napabucasin (also known as BBI608) is a natural naphthoquinone originally identified as a cancer cell stemness inhibitor. Accumulated in vitro and in vivo evidence demonstrated that napabucasin showed significant anticancer effects in various types of cancers. Napabucasin inhibits cancer cell proliferation, induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and suppresses metastasis and relapse. Such anticancer activities of napabucasin mainly rely on the inhibition of cancer stemness by targeting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and its related gene inhibition. However, several novel molecular targets for napabucasin, such as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), have been reported. Napabucasin represents a promising anticancer lead for multiple cancers. In this mini review, the anticancer potential and the molecular mechanism of napabucasin will be briefly highlighted.

Effect of probiotic drugs and their metabolites on the microflora of digestive canal of broiler chickens

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the growing demand of the population for safe and organic poultry products. Various microbiological preparations are used as therapeutic and preventive means and alternatives to the use of antibiotics in organic poultry farming. The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of preparations of probiotic microorganisms and their metabolites on the optimal composition of the microflora of the digestive canal, the general condition, and the liveability of broiler chickens. The effect of various types of drugs on broiler chickens was investigated: the probiotic LactoPharm LP12, the postbiotic Bacteriosan, and a bacteriocin nisin solution. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the microflora of the digestive canal of broiler chickens was determined by the method of bacteriological cultures. The disc diffusion method, using commercial discs with a minimum inhibitory concentration, revealed sensitivity to antibiotics. The effective effect of the new postbiotic Bacteriosan on the intestines of poultry was confirmed – no coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus was isolated on the 30th day of the experiment, and the lowest titre of Escherichia coli was recorded on days 30, 60, and 81 of the experiment. In terms of the content of lactic acid bacteria in the intestines of broiler chickens, the highest concentration was found in the experimental groups that used the probiotic LactoPharm LP12 and the experimental postbiotic by 21% and 32%, respectively, compared to control group. Treatment of bedding material with prophylactic drugs in poultry houses of experimental groups contributed to air sanitation and a decrease in the microbial background of the room compared to the control. The lowest mortality rate of chickens (-12%) was observed when using probiotics and postbiotics, due to the positive effect on the microbiocenosis of the digestive canal. When using an aqueous solution of nisin, the mortality rate was 14%. Thus, the use of the postbiotic Bacteriosan at a dose of 5 mL/kg of feed and the probiotic LactoPharm LP12 at a dose of 1 g/L of drinking water for seven days with a weekly break during the entire period of poultry rearing was experimentally substantiated, which will allow for effective prevention of infectious diseases and increase the liveability of broiler chickens

VARIABILITAS KANDUNGAN C-ORGANIK PADA TANAH ULTISOL YANG DIBERI BERBAGAI JENIS BAHAN ORGANIK UNTUK PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN SAWI

Ultisol is a potential acid mineral soil for the development of agricultural crops with an area of 45.8 million hectares, but has problems of soil acidity, low content of C-Organic, nitrogen, phosphate and potassium, but this can be overcome by applying fertilizers. This study aims to determine the effect of various types of organic matter on C-Organic and the growth of mustard greens. This research was conducted on Field II of the Faculty of Agriculture, and sample analysis was carried out at UPT. Halu Oleo University Integrated Laboratory.The study used a randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 9 treatments, namely TB = without organic matter, SI = cow manure 75 g polybag-1, SII = cow manure 150 g polybag-1, AI = chicken manure 75 g polybag -1, AII = chicken manure 150 g polybag-1 , KI = goat manure 75 g polybag-1 , KII = goat manure 150 g polybag-1 , HI = compost vegetation komba-komba 75 g polybag-1 , HII = komba-komba vegetation compost 150 g polybag-1.The results showed that the provision of various types of organic matter was 0.62%. As for the results after administration of various types of organic matter with various concentrations continued to decrease successively in the treatment TB, SI, SII, AI, AII, KI, KII, HI, namely 0.26%, 0.28%, 0, 32%, 0.34%, 0.40%, 0.52%, 0.54%, 0.60%, and after that there was an increase in the HII treatment, 0.78%, with a dose of 150 grams. Application of cow manure, chicken coop, goat coop, and komba-komba vegetation compost had an effect on the height of the mustard plants. Keywords : C-Organic, Mustard Plant, Ultisol.

Metformin combined with glucose starvation synergistically suppress triple-negative breast cancer by enhanced unfolded protein response

Metformin (MET) is a well-documented drug used in the treatment of type II diabetes. Recent studies have revealed its potential anti-tumor effects in various types of cancer. However, the dosage of MET required to exhibit anti-tumor activity is considerably higher than the clinically recommended dosage. In this study, we investigated the synergistical anti-tumor effect of glucose deprivation and MET in MDA-MB-231 cells, which represents a triple-negative breast cancer subtype (TNBC). Our findings demonstrate that glucose deprivation significantly enhances the anti-tumor activity of MET by reducing cell proliferation and increasing cell apoptosis. RNA-seq was performed to identify the key molecules involved in this process. Our results indicate that unfolded protein response of endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER) was significantly activated upon glucose starvation combining with MET compared to glucose starvation alone. Notably, the combined treatment significantly activated UPRER signaling pathway through ATF4/ATF3/CHOP axis, due to enhanced UPRER stress. In conclusion, our study suggests that the synergistic effects of MET and glucose deprivation suppress cell proliferation in TNBC by activating pro-apoptotic molecules through UPRER stress. These findings have potential implications for the anti-tumor application of MET in TNBC.