Effect Of Various Concentrations Research Articles

The effect of co-administration of artemisinin and N-acetyl cysteine on antioxidant status, spermatological parameters and histopathology of testis in adult male mice.

This invivo study aimed to evaluate the effect of various concentrations of artemisinin (Art) alone or together with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on spermatological indices, antioxidant status, and histopathological parameters of testicular tissue in adult male mice. Six groups of five healthy male mice (25-30g) were randomly assigned to different experimental groups. These groups received DMSO and corn oil (0.1%) as an Art solvent (Control), 50mgkg-1 Art (Art-50), 250mgkg-1 Art (Art-250), 50mgkg-1 Art+150mgkg-1 NAC (Art-50+NAC-150), 250mgkg-1 Art+150mgkg-1 NAC (Art-250+NAC-150) and 150mgkg-1 NAC (NAC-150) for a period of 7days. Testes and epididymis were prepared to evaluate the malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), spermatological indices, and histological parameters. We showed that the high dose of Art (Art-250) significantly reduced the sperm count, motility, viability, and the activity of CAT and increased the levels of MDA compared to the control group. Also, the overdose of Art caused adverse changes in testicular tissue. Co-administration of NAC with Art (Art-250+NAC-150) corrected the adverse effects of Art. The current study reports that a high dose of Art affects, spermatological parameters, antioxidant/stress oxidative status of the male reproductive system, and NAC is capable neutralize all adverse effects caused by Art.

Evaluation of the Shear Bond Strength of the Orthodontic Composites Modified with Various Concentrations of TiO2 Nanoparticles: An In vitro Study

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of various concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles incorporation on the shear bond strength of the two different orthodontic composites.
 Materials and Methods: A total of 80 freshly extracted premolars were divided into two groups of 40 teeth each. The extracted teeth in each of these two groups were further divided into four subgroups with ten teeth (n=10) in each, depending on the concentrations of TiO2 NPs (0.0%, 1.0%, 5.0% and 10.0%) in the Transbond XT and Enlight composites. Then the teeth were mounted in cold-cure acrylic resin poured into PVC tubes. The teeth were vertically embedded in acrylic up to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), and a standard bonding procedure was carried out to bond the brackets using both composites. The shear bond strength was evaluated using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 05mm/minute until the brackets de-bond from the tooth surface. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis using Oneway ANOVA and Posthoc tests.
 Results: The control groups of both the composites showed more shear bond strength compared to the modified groups. One-way ANOVA showed significant differences (p=0.000) among the groups. Posthoc analysis showed significant differences between the control and modified groups and also between the modified groups in both the composites except between the control and 1.0 wt% and 5.0 and 10.0wt% groups of the Enlight composite.
 Conclusion: A decrease in the shear bond strength was observed with an increase in the concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles in both the composites.

Faba bean–wheat intercropping and appropriate nitrogen supply control fusarium wilt in faba bean via altering specific amino acids in the root exudate of faba bean

With the increased continuous cropping of faba bean (Vicia faba L.), the incidence rate of Fusarium wilt in faba bean is increasing. The application of nitrogen fertilizer and intercropping of faba bean and wheat can affect the occurrence of the disease. In the field experiment, the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and faba bean - wheat intercropping on the occurrence of Fusarium wilt in faba bean was explored and the contents of 12 amino acids in the root exudate of faba bean were determined in a hydroponic experiment. Exudation amounts of seven amino acids were affected significantly. These were selected for an indoor culture experiment, and the effects of various concentrations of amino acids on the growth, reproduction, and pathogenicity of F. oxysporum f. sp. fabae (FOF) was studied. At 90 kg N ha−1, wheat-faba bean intercropping increased the content of in the root exudate of faba bean Ser, Glu, Tyr, and Lys which also inhibited the growth and reproduction of FOF while the content of Asp, Val, and Pro was reduced. The latter promoted the growth and reproduction of FOF. These results suggest, that changes in exudation patterns contribute to the observed reduction in the occurrence of Fusarium wilt in faba bean through intercropping and reduction of nitrogen input in the field. Optimum reduced N-applications combined with species mixtures should be identified and included in agricultural management.

Pengaruh Penambahan Sari Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale var rubrum) Terhadap Karakteristik Gula Aren Cair (Arenga pinnata Merr.)

Liquid palm sugar is processed palm sugar in liquid form that contained glucose, maltose and glucose polymer which have deficiencies in nutritional value and benefits for the body. The addition of red ginger extract can increase the benefits of liquid palm sugar. The objective of this study was to determine addition effect of various concentrations of red ginger extract on physical, chemical and sensory quality of liquid palm sugar. The method used in this research was an experimental method with a single factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD), namely concentration 0%; 5%; 10%; 15%; 20% and 25% of red ginger extract. The parameters observed were the acidity (pH), viscosity, total dissolved solids (TDS), moisture content, ash content, antioxidant activity, and sensory properties including color, aroma, taste, and viscosity. Observation data were analyzed by analysis of variance with a significance level of 5%.. The real difference data was further analysis using the Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test for physical, chemical and sensory parameters. The result showed that the concentration of red ginger extract had a significantly different effect on acidity (pH), viscosity, total dissolved solids (TDS), ash content, moisture content, antioxidant activity, and sensory properties including color (hedonic), aroma (hedonic and scoring), taste (scoring) and texture (hedonic and scoring). The use of 25% red ginger extract was the best treatment to liquid palm sugar with a pH value of 5.61; viscosity 88; TDS 59,8%; Ash Content 0.89%; moisture content 15,03%; Antioxidant Activity 82,83%; and other acceptable sensory qualities.

Enhancing Corrosion Resistance Property of Mild Steel by Benzoxazine Synthesized from Vanillin and Copolymerize with Urethane

Benzoxazine monomer prepared from vanillin and n-butylamine was characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR and UV visible spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized monomer was coated on the mild steel with isocyanate hardener in varying concentrations of isocyanate of the poly(VaBz-PU) and cured. The thermal properties of the monomer with and without isocyanate hardener were studied by TGA and DSC methods. The effect of various concentrations of isocyanate (PU) hardener with benzoxazine monomer on hardness, water absorption and gel absorption was investigated. Various concentrations of PU hardener with benzoxazine coating (VaBz-PU) on the mild steel were investigated by the electrochemical impedance and polarization studies. The study revealed that an increasing concentration of isocyante in the coating with benzoxazine increased their thermal, chemical and anticorrosive properties. The DFT calculations were also performed to support the anti-corrosive ability of the material.

Effects of various concentrations of boron on germination, seedling growth and sugar mobilization in wheat using boric acid primed seeds

Effects of various concentrations of boron on germination, seedling growth and sugar mobilization in wheat using boric acid primed seeds

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНЫХ КОНЦЕНТРАЦИЙ ДЕЙСТВУЮЩЕГО ВЕЩЕСТВА ФУБЕРИДАЗОЛА ДЛЯ СОЗДАНИЯ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО ПРОТРАВИТЕЛЯ ПРОТИВ ФИТОПАТОГЕННЫХ ГРИБОВ

The study is devoted to determining the effective concentration of the active substance fuberidazole to create a chemical disinfectant against phytopathogenic fungi. The effect of various concentrations of fuberidazole (30, 60, 100 and 150 g per ton of seeds) on the manifestation of fungicidal activity and the effect on the growth rates of seedlings of spring soft wheat cultivar Omskaya 36 was studied in comparison with the reference preparations of Economics and Oplot-Trio. It was revealed that all the studied concentrations of the active substance have fungicidal and growth-stimulating activity. Based on the data obtained, it was concluded that the optimal effective concentration for creating a preparative form of a disinfectant is a concentration of 100 g per ton of seeds.

Microbiological Effect of Various Concentrations of Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCL) During Endodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review

Microbiological Effect of Various Concentrations of Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCL) During Endodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review

Bioefficacy of Leaf Extracts of two underutilized ferns, Azolla pinnata and Polystichum acrostichoides against Malaria Vector, Anopheles gambiae Giles [Diptera: Culicidae

The bioefficacy of Azolla pinnata and Polystichum acrostichoides leaf extracts were evaluated in the laboratory against the immature stages (larvae and pupae) and adults of Anopheles gambiae at a relative humidity of 75±5% and an ambient temperature of 28 ±2°C. The efficacy of the extracts was evaluated in a standard bioassay at different concentration of 15mg/L, 30mg/L, 60mg/L, 120mg/L and 240mg/L using standard methods were tested. The effects of various concentrations of the plant extracts (A. pinnata and P. acrostichoides) used in this study were significantly different (p<0.05) in efficacy on An. gambiae larvae. The mortality rate of An. gambiae caused by the tested plants’ extracts were concentration-dependent. The larvicidal efficacies of A. pinnata and P. acrostichoides at concentrations of 15mg/L, 30mg/L, 60mg/L, 120mg/L and 240mg/L were 40%, 55%, 70%, 95% and 100%, and 27.25%, 42.5%, 57.25%, 85% and 100% after 24 hours exposure, respectively. Pupa mortality of An. gambiae exhibited by the highest concentration of A. pinnata and P. acrostichoides were 100% and 90% respectively after 24 hours exposure. The mortality of the adults caused by the highest used concentration was 70% and 57.5% for A. pinnata and P. acrostichoides respectively after 24 hours exposure. The Probit model analysis revealed that A. pinnata extract was the most effective due to its low lethal concentrations to cause 50% (LC50) and 90% (LC90) mortality of malaria vector (An. gambiae) larvae, pupa and adult. Results from this current study indicate the potentials of A. pinnata leaf extract as a mosquito insecticidal agent.

Effect of Indole-3-Butyric Acid on Growth of V-1 Mulberry Cuttings with Varying Number of Buds in Bangalore

The present study was conducted in Bangalore. It aims at studying the effect of different concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm) on V-1 mulberry cuttings with varying number of buds (one, two, three and four) consist of twelve treatments which were replicated thrice in Factorial CRD. The results on interaction effect of various concentration of IBA on mulberry cuttings with varying number of buds recorded best results in three budded cuttings treated with 3000 ppm of IBA regarding number of sprouted cuttings (14.67) and survival percentage (96.66%) of the saplings. Number of leaves (10.60) and length of shoot (26.63 cm) was maximum in two budded cuttings treated with 3000 ppm of IBA and the results of this interaction were on par with three budded cuttings treated with 3000 ppm of IBA. Whereas, one budded cutting without IBA treatment recorded minimum number of sprouted cuttings (9.67), survival percentage (43.33%), number of leaves (5.67) and length of shoot (21.43 cm). From the present experiment, we can recommend to use two budded cuttings treated with 3000 ppm of IBA instead of three budded cuttings treated with 3000 ppm of IBA.

Applied Research Note: Effects of various concentrations of supplemental biochar on ileal digestible energy and live performance of broilers during an 8-wk production period

Applied Research Note: Effects of various concentrations of supplemental biochar on ileal digestible energy and live performance of broilers during an 8-wk production period

Optimal concentration of proteolytic enzyme preparation for meat processing

AnnotationResearch work has been carried out on the effect of various concentrations of an enzyme preparation (EP) on some indicators of salted camel meat. The proteolytic activity, pH and temperature optimum of the enzyme protosubtilin G20x were studied. The effect of protosubtilin G20x on VVS, shear stress, consistency and yield after boiling of salted camel meat samples was studied. This research work indicates that the treatment of meat with an enzyme preparation causes moisture-binding capacity (WCC), with this there are significant changes in the consistency and mass of the samples after heat treatment.

The Abundance of Pathogenic Bacteria in Response to The Administration of Fermented Herbal Extract Vitomolt Plus into The Tilapia Cultivation Water

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of various concentrations of vitomolt plus added to the culture water on the abundance of pathogen bacteria. This research was conducted in August - September 2021 in Makassar, Indonesia. There were 18 containers with 30 L of volume used in this study. Juvenile tilapia about 5 cm of body length were stocked with a density of 5 fish for each container. The experimental design were designed in a completely randomized design with 6 concentrations of vitomolt treatment, namely: A (control), B (2 ppm), C (4 ppm), D (6 ppm), E (8 ppm), F (10 ppm). Each treatment consisted of 3 replications. The parameters observed were the total abundance of bacteria, types of bacteria, and the percentage of identified bacterial abundance. The results showed that the dose of Vitomolt plus treatment had an effect (P<0.05) on the total abundance of bacteria, where the concentration of 6 ppm vitomolt plus had the lowest average total bacterial abundance and the control was the highest. There were several bacteria identified with an average abundance starting from the highest, respectively, including Yersinia pseudotuborculosis, Aeromonas sobria, Staphylococcus sciuri, Spingomonas paucimobilis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Micrococcus luteus, and Aeromonas hydrophila. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the administration of 6 ppm vitomolt plus into the water of tilapia aquaculture has an effect on the abundance of pathogenic bacteria. The use of fermented herbal extracts can be considered as anti-bacterial in aquaculture.

Extending the shelf life of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruits by using edible coating based on xanthan gum and pomegranate peel extract

The effect of various concentration of xanthan gum (0.5%, 1%, and 2%) based edible coating supplemented with pomegranate peel extract (0.5 mL) on functional and physico-chemical properties of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruits were studied during the storage period of 15 days at 22 °C. The application of xanthan gum (XG) based edible formulations with pomegranate peel extract (PPE) was found to be effective to maintain the quality attributes and characteristics like reducing weight loss, respiration rate, ethylene production, maintained total soluble solids (TSS), acidity, pH, texture property, ascorbic acid, phenols, and antioxidant activity as compared to control samples. In general, all tested formulations are effective; but edible coatings based on 2% of XG were found the most potential to prevent the postharvest characteristics of mango fruits while maintaining the quality attributes.

Differential Effects of Resveratrol on HECa10 and ARPE-19 Cells

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy are the leading cause of blindness in developed countries. Pathological angiogenesis has a causal role in these eye diseases. Resveratrol (RSV), a plant-derived polyphenol, has anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic properties that could improve its management. Here, the effects of various concentrations of RSV (1, 5, 10, 50, 100 µM) were compared in two types of cell lines: HECa10 (endothelial cell line) and ARPE-19 (retinal pigment epithelial cell line). We assayed the impact on proliferation rate, viability, cell cycle progression, and secretion of selected proangiogenic factors VEGF and bFGF. We show that lower concentrations of RSV (1, 5, 10 µM) had no effect on proliferation, viability or cell cycle progression in HECa10 cells. However, higher concentrations (50, 100 µM) significantly enhanced the reduction in the cell number and stimulated apoptosis. In ARPE-19 cells, lower concentrations of RSV increased the rate of proliferation, while higher concentrations had no effect on proliferation and viability. Both ARPE-19 and HECa10 cell lines were affected to different degrees in the secretion of proangiogenic cytokines: reducing VEGF and enhancing bFGF secretion. These results suggest that RSV may be useful in the prevention or treatment of pathological angiogenesis in eye disorders.

Chemical contents and toxicity of cigarette butts leachates in aquatic environment: A case study from the Persian Gulf region

Cigarette butts (CBs) are one of the most commonly found types of litter contaminating the aquatic environment. However, the environmental risks posed by CBs need further investigation. In this study, the in-vivo toxic effects of various concentrations of CB leachates on juvenile (5.45 ± 1.36 gr and 7.08 ± 1.12 cm) fish (Periophthalmus waltoni) were evaluated. The LC50 values of CB leachate from smoked cigarette butts with tobacco (SCB) were 3.75, 3.0, 1.94, and 1.37 CBs/L in 24, 48, 72, and 96 h exposure times, respectively. The LC50 values for leachate of smoked CBs without tobacco (SF) were 7.58, 6.22, 4.73, and 2.9 CBs/L at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h exposure times, respectively. In the case of leachate from unsmoked filters (USF), LC50 values were 14.68, 12.44, 10.19, and 7.46 CBs/L in 24, 48, 72, and 96 h exposure time, respectively. The mean concentrations of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in SCBs leachates were higher than in SF and USF leachates. Our findings report that even low concentrations of CBs leachates can led to lethality of P. waltoni and may pose a threat to their population density.

The Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) on Inhibition of Escherichia coli Bacteria in White Tofu

White tofu is made from soybean seeds which has high protein content of 7.06 gram per 100-gram tofu and water of 84-88%. The nature of tofu which contains much water and protein is a good medium for bacterial growth. Bacteria like Escherichia coli can cause spoilage in white tofu. High protein in white tofu has a short storage time so that it requires preservatives to inhibit the decay process. One of the natural ingredients which has antibacterial ability is garlic (Allium sativum). Allicin is the most potent compound contained in garlic (Allium sativum) which has antibacterial and fungal abilities. Thus, garlic (Allium sativum) can act as a preservative for white tofu. This study aimed to determine the effect of various concentrations of garlic (Allium sativum) on the inhibition of Escherichia coli bacteria in white tofu at room temperature storage. This study was a laboratory experiment with a completely randomized design. Data were obtained by counting the number of bacterial colonies using the SPC method. The data were analyzed by descriptive method. Meanwhile, in the samples inoculated on EMB agar, colonies which matched with Escherichia coli characteristics were still found especially starting at the 48th hour of storage. It can be concluded that there was an effect of differences in the concentration of garlic (Allium sativum) soaking water at 0 to 48 hours on the growth of Escherichia coli colonies marked by the absence of Escherichia coli colonies on EMB agar. There was an effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on inhibition of Escherichia coli bacteria in white tofu.

THE CONCENTRATION EFFECT OF K2SO4 ELECTROLITE SOLUTION ON GLOW DISCHARGE PLASMA ELECTROLYSIS

Plasma electrolysis is currently an environmentally friendly technology that is used as an alternative to nitrogen fixation, clean water treatment, batik waste degradation and the synthesis of other compounds. The success indicator of plasma electrolysis technology is seen from the formation of glow discharge. One of the factors that influence the formation of plasma in this method is the electrolyte solution. The electrolyte solution used in this study is K2SO4 because its conductivity causes electron jumps. This study aims to determine the effect of various concentrations of K2SO4 electrolyte solution on glow discharge plasma at the anode.In the plasma electrolysis reactor with stainless steel cathode and tungsten anode and 0.01 M electrolyte solution; 0.02 M; and 0.03 M K2SO4. The formation of glow discharge plasma occurs at the anode. Changes in concentration affect the critical voltage (VD) where the higher the concentration (0.03 M), glow discharge occurs at a lower voltage (600 V). This is due to the presence of high dielectric strength in the solution causing lower discharge strength to occur in solutions with lower electrolyte concentrations.Keywords: anode, plasma electrolysis, K2SO4 electrolyte, glow discharge

Interfacial engineering by using Mo based single chain metallosurfactant towards hydrogen evolution reaction

• Utilization of a novel Mo metallosurfactant for electrolysis specifically for HER. • HER activity was measured both in solution (aqueous) as well as in film form. • Formation of reverse micelle anticipated to enhance the HER activity. • Hydrophobic layer of metallosurfactant, assist in detaching the bubbles. • Present electrocatalyst can split water easily and without hazardous chemicals. Interfacial structural engineering using non – precious and cost-effective metal-based electrocatalyst is a major challenge for renewable energy technology. Herein, we report a simple method to fabricate Mo-based metallosurfactant (Mo(III)-DDA(I)) that is used as an affordable electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic media. The formation of metallosurfactant was authenticated using various spectroscopic techniques. Afterward, its electrocatalytic behaviour was measured both in solution (aqueous) as well as in film form. The characteristic analysis of the coating was done before and after electrocatalysis. FESEM revealed the morphology in form of nodular grains arranged in interconnected layers while some flakes are removed from the surface when characterized after electrolysis. The existence of elemental peaks along with oxidation states were confirmed using XPS (both before and after electrolysis). The prepared electrocatalyst exhibited 265 mV (10 mA cm −2 ) overpotential and Tafel slope of 60 mV dec −1 . The improvement in HER performance using Mo(III)-DDA(I) is because of the formation of reverse micelle of Mo(III)-DDA(I) on the carbon fiber paper (CFP) surface, which provide the electronic coordination between metal ions in the micellar core. The Mo(III)-DDA(I) coated surface form hydrophobic layer having contact angle 130°, which assist in detaching the bubbles from the surface. Furthermore, we have evaluated the effect of various concentrations of Mo(III)-DDA(I) towards HER performances. The outcome of this work suggested that the present technology is a cost-effective method for hydrogen production with less reaction time using non-hazardous methods.

To determine the effects of various concentrations of nano zirconia particles on the tensile strength of poly metyl methacrylate material

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the tensile strength of Poly methyl methacrylate denture base material before and after addition of various concentrations of Nano- Zirconia. Study design: Experimental study, Laboratory based. Materials and Methods: 60 Dumb bell shaped specimens were prepared from heat polymerized acrylic resins and were divided into six groups. (n=10). Zirconia nanoparticles size and shape was observed under TEM. Zirconia nanoparticles surfaces were treated with silane coupling agent and was observed under Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy FTIR. Nano Zirconia particles were not added in the control group while test groups were reinforced with 1%,3%,7%,10%,12% Nano Zirconia. Tensile strength test was applied with the help of Tensile testing machine. With the help of Scanning electron microscopy fractured specimens were observed. 1-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis and paired sample t-test for multiple comparison was applied using IBM-SPSS 20 (p&lt;--0.05). Results: Groups in which zirconium oxide nanoparticles are added exhibited an increase in tensile strength i.e 1%NZ, 3%NZ, 7%NZ, 10%NZ and 12%NZ by 45.67MPa, 51.59MPa, 55.77MPa, 59.69MPa and 67.70MPa compared with that of control group 49,67MPa respectively. Conclusion: Zirconium oxide nanoparticles that are added to PMMA denture base material increases its tensile forte.