Effect Of Systemic Use Research Articles

Efficacy of systemic use of antibiotics as an adjunct to nonsurgical treatment of peri-implantitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

The role of antibiotics as an adjunct to nonsurgical peri-implantitis treatment approaches has not reached a consensus. This meta-analysis aimed to review the adjunctive effect of systemic use of metronidazole and amoxicillin in patients with peri-implantitis. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials published from inception to January 2023. A total of five clinical trials with a total of 211 patients were included in the analyses. No significant difference was found in the reduction of probing pocket depth at 3 and 6 months of follow-up (3 months: weighted mean difference [WMD] = -0.336, 95% CI -0.966 to 0.233, P = .231; 6 months: WMD = -0.533, 95% CI -1.654 to 0.587, P = .351). A statistically significant difference was found at 12 months of follow-up (WMD = -1.327, 95% CI -1.803 to -0.852, P < .001) between the treatment and control groups. The combined results indicated that the differences in reduction of bleeding on probing, Plaque Index score, and bone level at 6 months of follow-up were significant (P < .05). The study demonstrated that the adjunctive use of systemic metronidazole and amoxicillin did not significantly improve probing pocket depth compared to nonsurgical treatment alone, and should not be routinely recommended. However, the significant reductions in bleeding on probing, Plaque Index, and bone level at 6 months may indicate a potential effect of treating peri-implantitis with adjunctive systemic metronidazole and amoxicillin.

Evaluation of Postoperative Analgesic Effect of Systemic Use of Tramadol in Female Dogs that Underwent Ovariohysterectomy

AbstractPostoperative pain may cause a series of pathophysiological alterations that may be harmful to animals. The study aimed to evaluate the analgesic and sedative effects of morphine versus tramadol in a single intravenous administration in bitches after ovariohysterectomy. Twenty healthy female dogs were divided into groups: MG received 0.5 mg/kg of morphine and TG received 4 mg/kg of tramadol, both administered intravenously at the end of surgery. The analgesia and sedation were evaluated hourly during 6 hours after the procedure, and the following scales were used for the analgesia evaluation: Lascelles, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Pain scale from Melbourne, University of Colorado Scale, Glasgow Composite Scale, and University of Guelph Pain Scale. The Grint sedation scale and Valverde sedation scale were used to evaluate sedation. Animals that scored over 5 on the Glasgow Composite Scale and/or greater than 4 on the VAS, received rescue analgesia. Five dogs from the MG and two dogs from the TG required rescue analgesia (p = 0,021). Statistical difference was observed in the VAS (T6h), Glasgow (T4h and T5h), Lascelles (T3h, T4h and T6h), Colorado (T4h and T6h), and Guelph (T3h, T4h, T5h and T6h) scales in the evaluation of analgesia, elucidating that tramadol had lower scores compared with morphine. It was concluded that tramadol promoted satisfactory analgesia in managing postoperative pain and had less severe adverse effects. Keywords: Analgesia. Acute Pain. Analgesic. Opioids. ResumoA dor pós-operatória pode causar uma série de alterações fisiopatológicas que podem ser deletérias para os animais. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos analgésicos e sedativos da morfina versus tramadol em administrações intravenosas únicas no final da cirurgia de cadelas submetidas a ovariohisterectomia. Vinte cadelas hígidas foram divididos em grupos: MG recebeu 0,5 mg/kg de morfina e TG recebeu 4 mg/kg de tramadol, ambos administrados por via intravenosa ao final da cirurgia. A analgesia e a sedação foram avaliadas de hora em hora durante 6 horas após o término da cirurgia. As seguintes escalas foram utilizadas para a avaliação da analgesia: Escala Analógica Visual de Lascelles (EAV), Escala de Dor de Melbourne, Escala da Universidade do Colorado, Escala Composta de Glasgow e Escala de Dor da Universidade de Guelph. Para avaliar a sedação, foram utilizadas a escala de sedação de Grint e a escala de sedação de Valverde. Os animais que atingiram pontos maiores que 5 na Escala Composta de Glasgow e/ou maiores que 4 na EAV, receberam analgesia de resgate. Cinco cães do GM e dois cães do GT necessitaram de analgesia de resgate (p = 0,021). Foi observada diferença estatística nas escalas EVA (T6h), Glasgow (T4h e T5h), Lascelles (T3h, T4h e T6h), Colorado (T4h e T6h) e Guelph (T3h, T4h, T5h e T6h) na avaliação de analgesia, elucidando que o tramadol teve escores menores em comparação com a morfina. Concluiu-se que o tramadol promoveu analgesia satisfatória no manejo da dor pós-operatória e resultou em efeitos adversos menos graves. Palavras-chave: Analgesia. Dor aguda. Analgésico. Opióides.

Colchicine – Renaissance of an “ancient” drug

Colchicine, which was already used by the ancient Egyptians, has recently experienced a renaissance in various medical disciplines, including dermatology. However, due to the potentially significant side effects of systemic use, many clinicians are cautious in their use of colchicine. This review provides a practical overview of the data on the established and emerging use of systemic and topical colchicine in dermatologic diseases.

Understanding the Impact of e-Filing System Performance on Tax Compliance Using the DeLone and McLean Model

This study aims to investigate the impact of e-filing system performance on tax compliance applying DeLone and McLean IS Success Model. The study samples are 128 Indonesian micro, small, and medium entrepreneur (MSME) that selected using proportional random sampling. Data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed using SEM-PLS. The results showed that information quality and service quality have a positive effect on system use. In addition, information quality and system quality positively affect user satisfaction. By contrast, there is no impact of trust in e-government to either system use and user satisfaction. System use and user satisfaction positively influence taxpayers’ compliance. Meanwhile, gender does not moderate the effect of system use and user satisfaction on tax compliance.

The Effects of Systemic Use of Epigallocatechin Gallate in Thermal Injury Progression

The burn wound progression is a complex process caused by inadequate tissue perfusion, free radical damage, and altered cytokine levels in burn patients. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has vasodilator, antioxidant, and skin protective properties. In this study, we investigated the effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on burn wounds. Nine male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to the control group and received no burn insult. The other rats were exposed to thermal injury with a brass comb and randomly divided into two groups: burn with no further treatment (group 1, n:3) and burn with enteral EGCG treatment (group 2, n:3). The administration of EGCG was initiated 5 min after the burn procedure at a dose of 1 mg/kg by gastric lavage and repeated for 3 days at an infusion rate of 1 mg/kg/day. Skin sections were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin and Masson’s trichrome for histochemistry. The primary antibodies used for immunohistochemistry included rabbit anti-4-hydroxynonenal (protein-HNE), rabbit anti-malondialdehyde (protein-MDA, mouse monoclonal anti-acrolein (protein-ACR), rabbit anti-ALDH1A1, and rabbit anti-ALDH2. Systemic administration of EGCG after burn injury significantly ameliorated the histological alterations in burn sites, especially in the zone of stasis. The expression of reactive aldehyde products (HNE, MDA, ACR) as a result of thermal injury significantly decreased in the EGCG group. EGCG reduced reactive aldehyde products independent of ALDH1 and ALDH2 pathway and improved histological alterations with cytoprotective and antioxidant effects. Early systemic use of EGCG prevents burn wound from progressing to deep structures and limits its extension to the adjacent zones.

Effect of systemic use of amoxicillin and metronidazole during mechanical therapy on the periodontal microorganisms in subgingival plaque and saliva of patients with aggressive periodontitis

Objective: To explore the effect of systemic use of amoxicillin and metronidazole during mechanical therapy on the clinical parameters of the first molars and periodontal microorganisms in subgingival plaque and saliva in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP). Methods: A total of 23 GAgP patients were recruited from Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from January 2006 to December 2009 and then randomly divided into two groups according to random number table: 12 patients received scaling and root planning (SRP) only and 11 patients received SRP combined with systemic administration of antibiotics (amoxicillin and metronidazole for a week after supragingival scaling). Clinical examination of periodontal parameters and collection of saliva and pooled subgingival plaque samples from mesial-buccal sites of 4 first molars were performed before initial therapy and 2, 4 and 6 months respectively after mechanical therapy, and saliva samples were also collected 2 weeks after therapy. Eight different periodontal microorganisms were detected in these samples by PCR. In addition, semiquantitative analysis of red complex microorganisms [Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Treponema denticola (Td)] was performed. Results: Both therapies led to significant decrease of the plaque index (PLI), probing depth (PD) and bleeding index (BI) from mesial-buccal sites of first molars. Meanwhile the PD of antibiotics group [(4.21±1.50), (4.00±1.54), (3.84±1.89) mm of 2, 4 and 6 months respectively after therapy] was significantly lower than the SRP group [(5.29±1.27), (5.30±1.34), (4.98±1.36) mm of 2, 4 and 6 months respectively after therapy] at 3 different time points after mechanical therapy (P<0.05). In the antibiotics group, the quantities of Pg, Tf and Td in subgingival plaque samples (the median quantity decreased to 0.0 ng at 2, 4 and 6 months after therapy) and saliva samples (the median quantity of Tf and Td decreased to 0.0 ng at 2, 4 and 6 months after therapy (P<0.05), and the median quantity of Pg decreased to 16.3, 59.6 and 22.4 ng at 2, 4 and 6 months respectively after therapy) significantly decreased at 3 different time points after mechanical therapy compared with before therapy (P<0.05). While in the SRP group, there were no significant changes in the quantities of Tf and Td in saliva at 2, 4 and 6 months after mechanical therapy (P>0.05) , and the quantities of Tf and Td in subgingival plaque significantly decreased only at 2 months after therapy (P<0.05). Conclusions: SRP combined with systemic administration of amoxicillin and metronidazole could achieve greater improvement in PD of first molars and better control of the amounts of red complex microorganisms in the saliva and subgingival plaque of GAgP patients over a 6-month period.

Comparative study between the effect of systemic use versus local use of tranexamic acid on blood loss and transfusion requirement in knee joint replacement.

Comparative study between the effect of systemic use versus local use of tranexamic acid on blood loss and transfusion requirement in knee joint replacement.

Time-dependent systemic hemostatic effects of fibrin monomer in controlled liver injury in the experiment

Aim. To evaluate the hemostatic effect of fibrin monomer after its intravenous administration at different time periods in experimental trauma. Methods. In the experiments, in a placebo-controlled study, hemostatic and hemostasiological effects of systemic use of fibrin monomer were studied at different time periods after its administration (in 5 min, 1 h and 3 h) in 97 male rabbits of the Chinchilla breed in the controlled liver injury model. Results. A pronounced hemostatic effect was demonstrated for fibrin monomer used at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg demonstrated by a 6.3-fold decrease of blood loss volume (% of circulating blood volume) compared to placebo on the background of the intravenous preventive fibrin monomer administration 1 hour prior to controlled liver injury. Fibrin monomer administration at a stated dose was not accompanied by significant changes in haemocoagulative parameters including measurement of platelet count, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, thrombin time, echitox time, fibrinogen concentration, level of soluble fibrin monomer complexes, D-dimer content, and antithrombin III activity. The effect of fibrin monomer is probably realized through some effectors, the nature of which has not yet been studied. The obtained results allow choosing the optimal interval between intravenous administrations of fibrin monomer and controlled liver injury for further study of the mechanisms of its hemostatic action. Conclusion. Fibrin monomer in small doses (0.25 mg/kg) is able to exert a pronounced hemostatic effect with its systemic administration 1 hour prior to the injury without significant changes in haemocoagulative parameters.

Preliminary Evaluation of Two Digital Image Processing Strategies for Head-Mounted Magnification for Low Vision Patients.

PurposeIn an observational clinical outcome study, we tested the effectiveness and use of the combination of two innovative approaches to magnification: a virtual bioptic telescope and a virtual projection screen, implemented with digital image processing in a head-mounted display (HMD) equipped with a high-resolution video camera and head trackers.MethodsWe recruited 30 participants with best-corrected visual acuity <20/100 in the better-seeing eye and bilateral central scotomas. Participants were trained on the HMD system, then completed a 7- to 10-day in-home trial. The Activity Inventory was administered before and after the home trial to measure the effect of system use on self-reported visual function. A simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ) and a system-use survey were administered. Rasch analysis was used to assess outcomes.ResultsSignificant improvements were seen in functional ability measures estimated from goal difficulty ratings (Cohen's d = 0.79, P < 0.001), and reading (d = 1.28, P < 0.001) and visual information (d = 1.11, P < 0.001) tasks. There was no improvement in patient-reported visual motor function or mobility. One participant had moderately severe discomfort symptoms after SSQ item calibration. The average patient rating of the system's use was 7.14/10.ConclusionsUse of the system resulted in functional vision improvements in reading and visual information processing. Lack of improvement in mobility and visual motor function is most likely due to limited field of view, poor depth perception, and lack of binocular disparity.Translational RelevanceWe determine if these new image processing approaches to magnification are beneficial to low vision patients performing everyday activities.

Using an educational computer program to enhance student performance in financial accounting

We develop an educational computer program, Principles Aren't That Hard (PATH), to enhance intrinsic motivation and performance in accounting education. We include Blackboard and the traditional paper medium as additional system types for comparison purposes. The results show that relative to Blackboard and the traditional paper medium, PATH leads to highest intrinsic motivation, which increases system use. The findings also indicate that the effect of intrinsic motivation on system use is stronger when perceived usefulness is higher than lower. When users perceive a system to be useful for attaining their goals, this form of extrinsic motivation promotes rather than impairs intrinsic motivation which further enhances system use. Additionally, the results suggest that perceived competence fully mediates the impact of system use on performance. This study's identification of perceived competence as a mediator furthers understanding of the inconsistent findings reported in previous research on the effect of system use on performance.

Use of Two Cleft Lip and Palate Classification Systems by Nonsubspecialized Health Care Providers

Objective : The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the use of RPL and LAHSHAL coding systems by individuals not specialized in craniofacial abnormalities to code cleft lip and palate (CLP). The effectiveness of system use by referring services and the electronic medical record (EMR) applicability of other CLP systems was evaluated by literature review and testing data. Design and Participants : The RPL and LAHSHAL systems were presented together to a sample of medical students (n = 28) and neonatal intensive care unit nurses (n = 24) from Loma Linda University. Following the presentation, a test assessing the application of each system was administered. A second assessment of the medical students (n = 23) 2 weeks after the initial presentation evaluated system retention. Scores were compared using t test (P ≤ .05). Results : Both the medical students and nurses used RPL more accurately than LAHSHAL in the first assessment (76.9% versus 45.2%, P < .001; 46.6% versus 22.5%, P < .001). Medical students again used RPL more accurately at the 2-week assessment (72.2% versus 43.7%, P < .001). Accuracy of use within each system was not significantly different between the two assessments. Conclusion : Our test results and literature review indicate that, when compared with LAHSHAL, RPL is more easily and accurately used by representatives not specialized in abnormalities in CLP; therefore, RPL may be a more effective system for nonspecialist health care providers to improve the accuracy of referrals and simple EMR documentation.

The Effects of Systemic Use of Nicotine on the Rat Nasal Mucosa: a Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical Study

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos histopatologicos del uso sistemico de nicotina sobre la mucosa nasal de la rata. Se utilizaron como animales de experimentacion 12 ratas Sprague-Dawley adultas, entre 180-220 g, divididas en grupos de nicotina y control. Al grupo de nicotina (n = 6) se le administro sulfato de nicotina 2mg/kg durante 28 dias. Al grupo control (n = 6) se les administro solo 1,5 ml de solucion salina fisiologica por via subcutanea durante 28 dias. Todos los animales fueron sacrificados al final del estudio. Se tomaron muestras del tejido nasal y se examinaron histologicamente. Las secciones fueron tenidas con H-E, acido periodico de Schiff (PAS) y tricromico de Masson, observandose bajo microscopia de luz. Ademas, se evaluo la inmunoreactividad a E-cadherina de las celulas del epitelio pseudoestraficado de la mucosa nasal. Hubo diferencias significativas en la puntuacion histopatologica media entre los grupos tratados y no tratados con nicotina. En el grupo de nicotina, se observaron cambios degenerativos de las celulas epiteliales e hipertrofia de las celulas caliciformes. Se observo una infiltracion significativa de leucocitos en diferentes areas del tejido conectivo. La E-cadherina se redujo significativamente en las celulas epiteliales de la mucosa nasal del grupo nicotina.

Intentional Intrathecal Opioid Detoxification in 3 Patients: Characterization of the Intrathecal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome

Intrathecal (IT) drug delivery systems for patients with chronic non-malignant pain are intended to improve pain and quality of life and reduce side effects of systemic use. A subset of patients may have escalating pain, functional decline, and/or intolerable side effects even as IT opioid doses are increased. Discontinuation of IT medications may represent a viable treatment option but strategies to accomplish this are needed. Three patients with intrathecal drug delivery systems (IDDS), inadequate pain control, and declining functionality underwent abrupt IT opioid cessation. This was accomplished through a standardized protocol with symptom-triggered administration of clonidine and buprenorphine, monitored using the clinical opiate withdrawal scale. Symptoms of IT withdrawal were similar in all patients and included diuresis, agitation, hyperalgesia, mild diarrhea, yawning, and taste and smell aversion. Hypertension and tachycardia were effectively controlled by clonidine administration. Classic symptoms of withdrawal, such as piloerection, chills, severe diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, myoclonus, and mydriasis, were not noted. At 2 to 3 months follow-up, patients reported decreased, but ongoing pain, with improvements in functional capacity and quality of life. This preliminary work demonstrates the safety of abrupt IT opioid cessation utilizing standardized inpatient withdrawal protocols. To our knowledge, these are among the first reported cases of intentional, controlled IT opioid cessation without initiation of an opioid bridge: self-reported pain scores, functional capacity, and quality of life improved. The IT opioid withdrawal syndrome is characterized based upon our observations and a review of the literature.

Azithomycin as an adjunctive to non-surgical treatment in comparison with doxycycline in chronic periodontitis patients: 2-months randomized clinical trial

Background: Antibiotic therapy can be used in very specific periodontal treatment situations such as in refractory cases of periodontal disease which is found to be more prevalent in smokers. The aim of study was to asses the clinical effect of systemic use of Azithromycin and Doxycycline as adjunctive to non surgical scaling and root planning in patients with chronic periodontitis. Materials and methods: The study participants were 21 adult male, divided to three groups. 1n: GI treated by non surgical root planning with systemic intake of Azithromycin of 500 mg once daily for three days only. In GII Doxycycline 100mg once daily was given for one week in addition to non surgical root planning while in the G III (control group) the patients were treated only by a routine scaling and root planning with out using any type of drug. .The periodontal parameters used are the following:- Plaque index system(PLI) Gingival index (GI),Probing pocket depth (PPD) and Bleeding on probing (BoP) Results: The study based on three periodontal parameters to asses the results of study, first of which is plaque index and there was a significant low in all groups from the base line until the 4th visit while the bleeding on probing showed a highly significant difference between the groups whom take antibiotics as an adjunctive to a non surgical treatment and the group with out antibiotics. While for probing pocket depth the difference was only between the groups whom take Azithromycin and control group this difference was start in the 2nd visit until the last visit Conclusion: Although both treatment strategies seemed to be a successful therapy, the adjunctive use of 500 mg azithromycin systemically enhanced the clinical results.

Percutaneous tumor curettage and interstitial delivery of samarium-153 coupled with kyphoplasty for treatment of vertebral metastases

The object of this study was to investigate the use of a minimally invasive technique for treating metastatic tumors of the vertebral body, aimed at relieving pain, preventing further tumor growth, and minimizing the adverse effects of systemic use of samarium-153 ((153)Sm). The procedure is performed in the same fashion as a kyphoplasty, using a unilateral extrapedicular approach under local anesthesia/mild general sedation, with the patient in the lateral decubitus position. The tumor is accessed as in a standard kyphoplasty. The side is chosen according to the location of the metastasis. Prior to inflation of the balloon the tumor is debulked by percutaneous curettage. Balloon inflation is carried out as per standard kyphoplasty in an attempt to create a larger space and reduce a possible kyphotic deformity. Three mCi of (153)Sm-EDTMP (ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid) is then mixed with bone cement (polymethylmethacrylate) and injected into the void created by the balloon tamp. Twenty-four procedures were performed in 19 patients. There was reliable and reproducible delivery of the radiolabeled (153)Sm-EDTMP to the metastatic site, without spillage. The procedure was safe. There were no procedure-related complications. There was no hematological toxicity with the low doses of (153)Sm used. Pain improved in all patients. The long-term results related to tumor control continue to be investigated. Combined percutaneous debulking of confined vertebral metastases and administration of local (153)Sm is feasible and safe. Furthermore, this technique leads to immediate relief of cancer-related pain and may help prevent or slow down the progression of vertebral metastatic tumors.

A task‐oriented approach to information retrieval evaluation

As retrieval systems become more oriented towards end-users, there is an increasing need for improved methods to evaluate their effectiveness. We performed a task-oriented assessment of two MEDLINE searching systems, one which promotes traditional Boolean searching on human-indexed thesaurus terms and the other natural language searching on words in the title, abstract, and indexing terms. Medical students were randomized to one of the two systems and given clinical questions to answer. The students were able to use each system successfully, with no significant differences in questions correctly answered, time taken, relevant articles retrieved, or user satisfaction between the systems. This approach to evaluation was successful in measuring effectiveness of system use and demonstrates that both types of systems can be used equally well with minimal training. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

A task-oriented approach to information retrieval evaluation

As retrieval systems become more oriented towards end-users, there is an increasing need for improved methods to evaluate their effectiveness. We performed a task-oriented assessment of two MEDLINE searching systems, one which promotes traditional Boolean searching on human-indexed thesaurus terms and the other natural language searching on words in the title, abstract, and indexing terms. Medical students were randomized to one of the two systems and given clinical questions to answer. The students were able to use each system successfully, with no significant differences in questions correctly answered, time taken, relevant articles retrieved, or user satisfaction between the systems. This approach to evaluation was successful in measuring effectiveness of system use and demonstrates that both types of systems can be used equally well with minimal training. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.