Effect Of Sulphur Nutrition Research Articles

Bioactive compounds in cruciferous sprouts and microgreens and the effects of sulfur nutrition.

Cruciferous sprouts and microgreens are a good source of bioactive compounds for human health since they are rich in glucosinolates, polyphenols, carotenoids, vitamins, etc. Sulfur-containing bioactive phytochemicals called glucosinolates are attractive to humans owing to its cancer chemoprevention. They mainly exist in cruciferous vegetables. Sulfur is one of the essential elements for plant and is also an indispensable component of glucosinolates. In this paper, the nutritional value of cruciferous spouts and microgreens is summarized, along with the effects of sulfur nutrition on bioactive phytochemical compounds of cruciferous sprouts and microgreens, especially glucosinolates. The review aims to provide nutritious information so that people may consume cruciferous sprouts and microgreens wisely, and to offer helpful cues for the research on cruciferous sprouts and microgreens products. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Effect of sulphur nutrition on growth parameters, yield parameters, yield, nutrient uptake, quality and economics of maize: A review

Maize, queen of cereals is a nutrient exhaustive crop and sensitive to sulphur deficiency. Sulphur deficiency in corn results in interveinal chlorosis, yellowing of younger leaves, reddening of stems and leaves. Sulphur is the fourth major plant nutrient next to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It plays a prominent role in formation of chlorophyll, proteins, oil synthesis and biosynthesis of proteins. Sulphur has significant role in growth parameters, yield attributes and yield of maize crop. The uptake of primary nutrients and efficiency of applied fertilizers were seriously influenced by sulphur availability. Sustaining higher yield is not possible under sulphur deficiency. The investigations carried out by eminent research scientist in maize has shown positive impact and application of 45 to 60 kg ha-1 of sulphur gave maximum growth, yield attributes, nutrient uptake, yield and quality parameters. The present paper is a panoramic view of sulphur nutrition in maize from results of different researchers.

Effect of Sulphur Nutrition in Groundnut: A Review

Suphur plays a vital role in the development of seed and improving oil quality. Groundnut is rich in oils and protein hence sulphur requirement for this crop is substantially high. Sulphur levels from 20 to 70 kg ha-1 were tried in groundnut among which higher level of sulphur @ 60 kg ha-1 has recorded taller plants, higher leaf area index, dry matter production pod number, pod yield and oil quality in groundnut. Gypsum application at 400 kg ha-1 (200 kg as basal and remaining 200 kg ha-1 during earthing up) has increased the pod yield, oil content and oil yield in groundnut.

Effects of sulphur nutrition during potato cultivation on the formation of acrylamide and aroma compounds during cooking

Lack of sulphur nutrition during potato cultivation has been shown to have profound effects on tuber composition, affecting in particular the concentrations of free asparagine, other amino acids and sugars. This is important because free asparagine and sugars react at high temperatures to form acrylamide, a suspect carcinogen. Free amino acids and sugars also form a variety of other compounds associated with colour and flavour. In this study the volatile aroma compounds formed in potato flour heated at 180 °C for 20 min were compared for three varieties of potato grown, with and without sulphur fertiliser. Approximately 50 compounds were quantified in the headspace extracts of the heated flour, of which over 40 were affected by sulphur fertilisation and/or variety. Many of the 41 compounds found at higher concentrations in the sulphur-deficient flour were Strecker aldehydes and compounds formed from their condensation, whereas only one compound, benzaldehyde, behaved in the same way as did acrylamide and was found at higher concentrations in the sulphur-sufficient flour. The reasons for these effects are discussed.

Residual effects of sulphur nutrition on the ratoon crop of sugarcane

Residual effects of sulphur application on the ratoon crop of sugarcane were studied during 1998–1999 and 2000–2001. The application of sulphur at 60 kg ha-1 in the form of gypsum in the plant crop created residual effects on the growth and development of the ratoon crop and appreciably increased the cane and sugar yield. The cane yield increased to the tune of 8.47 and 10.37 per cent as compared to control. However, the residual effect of sulphur nutrition carried out to the plant crop was not reflected on the juice quality of ratoon crop.

Effects of sulfur nutrition on the growth and photosynthesis of rice

Rice plants (Oryza sativa L. cv. IR72) were grown hydroponically in 1.0 mM SO4 2- for one week and transferred to 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, or 3 mM SO4 2-. An increase in the sulfate concentration in the medium up to 0.03 mM resulted in a significant increase in the relative growth rate (RGR) due to the increase in the net assimilation rate (NAR). The leaf blade and leaf sheath showed a linear increase in the total S content at 0 to 0.1 mM SO4 2- in the growth solution. Total 8 content in the roots continued to increase with increased 8 supply. Changes in the soluble 8 content followed the same pattern as the total 8 content but increased proportionally in the leaf sheath and roots. Total N content and N allocation to the leaves also decreased below 0.1 mM 8. However, the decrease in the N content was not appreciable, compared with that of the 8 content. 8-deficiency strongly decreased the leaf photosynthesis, which was caused by large decreases in the contents of chlorophyll and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) below 0.1 mM SO4 2- in the growth solution.

Effects of sulfur nutrition on photosynthesis in cadmium‐treated barley seedlings

The effects of sulfur (S) nutrition at 0.1 or 1 mM S on cadmium (Cd) toxicity measured by photosynthesis in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. UC 476) seedlings were studied. Eight‐day‐old seedlings were treated with 25 μM Cd by adding cadmium chloride (CdCl2) to the nutrient solution. Then photosynthetic carboxylation efficiency (ACi curve) and stomatal conductance of the primary and second leaves were measured at four and eight days after Cd treatment. Fluorescence parameters were measured every 24 h for eight days after two days of Cd treatment. At 20 days, plant growth parameters were measured and dry biomass determined. The results showed that ACi was significantly reduced by Cd, but more in the low (0.1 mM) S than in the high (1 mM) S‐treated plants. Stomatal conductance of plants was also decreased by Cd, but more in the low S‐treated plants. Low S‐treated plants exposed to Cd showed an increase in Fo and Fq, and a decrease in Fv/Fm and T1/2, indicating photoinhibitory damage to PSII. Analysis of the growth parameters showed that Cd decreased plant size and biomass, but the reduction was more severe in the low S‐treated plants. These results support the hypothesis that S is a critical nutritional factor in plants which is important for the reduction of Cd toxicity.

Effect of sulphur nutrition on redistribution of sulphur in vegetative barley

Effect of sulphur nutrition on redistribution of sulphur in vegetative barley

Effect of sulphur nutrition on redistribution of sulphur in vegetative barley

Barley plants (Hordeum vulgare cv. Clipper) were grown in nutrient solution containing 25 μM sulphate and pulsed for 48 h with [35S]sulphate. The plants were then returned to unlabelled 25 μM sulphate and analysed for sulphur and 35S‐label at various times. The sulphur content of each leaf increased to a maximum as it attained full expansion and then decreased by ca 38–50% over the ensuing 30 days. Expanding leaves had the highest specific radioactivity after the pulse but this declined as the leaves expanded. The first leaf to emerge during the chase also had a high specific radioactivity. The data are consistent with the proposal that the sulphur required for early leaf development is derived from a previously formed leaf. 35S‐Labelled sulphur which was delivered to fully expanded leaves did not equilibrate with endogenous sulphur and was selectively re‐exported. In another experiment, barley plants were grown in 5 μM sulphate, pulsed for 48 h with [35S]sulphate and then grown at 0 (S0), 5 (Ss) or 25 μM (S25) unlabelled sulphate. In S25 plants, the sulphur content of both the fully expanded leaves and the expanding leaves increased indicating that the control of sulphur allocation in these plants differed from that in plants grown continuously in 25 μM sulphate and in plants which were grown at 0 or 5 μM sulphate (sub‐optimal for the growth of leaves L7 and L8). The export of 35S‐label from fully expanded leaves during the chase was not influenced by sulphur nutrition. However, the amount of 35S‐label acquired by leaves which formed during the chase increased with sulphur nutrition. In S25 plants these leaves subsequently underwent net loss of label but the analogous leaves of Sn and S5 plants did not. Collectively, the data indicate that, under sulphur limiting conditions, there is no evidence of a mechanism in barley which enhances the mobilization of sulphur from fully expanded leaves to young expanding leaves.

Effects of Sulfur Nutrition on Expression of the Soybean Seed Storage Protein Genes in Transgenic Petunia

The 7S seed storage protein (beta-conglycinin) of soybean (Glycine max [L]. Merr.) has three major subunits; alpha, alpha', and beta. Accumulation of the beta-subunit, but not the alpha- and alpha'-subunits, has been shown to be repressed by exogenously applied methionine to the immature cotyledon culture system (LP Holowach, JF Thompson, JT Madison [1984] Plant Physiol 74: 576-583) and to be enhanced under sulfate deficiency in soybean plants (KR Gayler, GE Sykes [1985] Plant Physiol 78: 582-585). Transgenic petunia (Petunia hybrida) harboring either the alpha'- or beta-subunit gene were constructed to test whether the patterns of differential expression were retained in petunia. Petunia regulates these genes in a similar way as soybean in response to sulfur nutritional stimuli, i.e. (a) expression of the beta-subunit gene is repressed by exogenous methionine in in vitro cultured seeds, whereas the alpha'-subunit gene expression is not affected; and (b) accumulation of the beta-subunit is enhanced by sulfur deficiency. The pattern of accumulation of major seed storage protein of petunia was not affected by these treatments. These results indicate that this mechanism of gene regulation in response to sulfur nutrition is conserved in petunia even though it is not used to regulate its own major seed storage proteins.

Effects of sulphur nutrition on nitrogen and carbon metabolism in lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)

Studies were conducted with one‐year‐old plants of the perennial legume, lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), to determine the effects of various levels of S (0.3, 1.5, and 7.5 mM) on N2‐fixation, photosynthesis, herbage free amino acid pools and protein amino acids, levels of protein, and activities of key enzymes of leaf nitrogen and carbon metabolism. Sulphur deficiencies in the 0.3 mM S treatment, as determined by N:S ratios, did not appear until the second growth cycle. This treatment was severely S‐deficient by the end of the third growth cycle. Sulphur deficiencies did not occur in the other two treatments over three cycles of growth. By the middle of the second growth cycle acetylene reduction rates of plants grown with 0.3 mM S were lower than those of other treatments. At the end of the third growth cycle acetylene reduction rates of the 0.3 mM S treatment were ca. 30–35% that of the other treatments. There was no effect of S‐deficiency on photosynthesis, levels of leaf NADP‐isocitrate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase activity, or concentrations of leaf protein over the course of the experiments. Levels of NAD‐glutamate dehydrogenase, NAD‐malate dehydrogenase, and glutamate oxaloacetate trans‐aminase activity and concentrations of free methionine, arginine, urea, and ammonia increased, with S‐deficiency. Boron concentrations were very high (ca. 300 μg/g dry wt.) in S‐deficient plants. The mole percent methiomne in leaf protein decreased slightly and chlorophyll concentration decreased markedly with S‐deficiency. This study suggests that N2‐fixation is affected early during S‐deprivation of lucerne and that subsequent effects of S‐deficiency may be due to loss of fixed nitrogen.

Effects of sulfur nutrition on phytotoxicity and growth responses of bean plants to ozone

Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Blue Lake plants were grown in sand culture at three temperatures, and fed with nutrient solution containing 1.3 or 32 mg/liter sulfur (S). Plants were fumigated twice with ozone at 50 parts per hundred million (pphm) for 2 h.Intensity of phytotoxicity was markedly lower in plants grown at the high S rate. Ozone reduced chlorophyll content of plants grown in low S at 25/20 and 30/25°. With the high S treatment, however, ozone had no significant effect on chlorophyll content, particularly at the lower temperatures. Irrespective of S nutrition, ozone had no effect on total soluble carbohydrate content. Ozone effects on plant growth depended on plant part, growth temperature, and S nutrition.