Effect Of Substitution Research Articles

Replacement of sedentary behavior with various physical activities and the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality

BackgroundSedentary behavior (SB) has emerged as a significant health concern that deserves attention. This study aimed to examine the associations between prolonged sedentary behavior and the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality as well as to explore desirable alternatives to sitting in terms of physical activity (PA).MethodsTwo prospective cohort investigations were conducted using the UK Biobank and NHANES datasets, with a total of 490,659 and 33,534 participants, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the associations between SB and the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality due to cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory diseases, and digestive diseases. In addition, we employed isotemporal substitution models to examine the protective effect of replacing sitting with various forms of PA.ResultsDuring the average follow-up times of 13.5 and 6.7 years, 36,109 and 3057 deaths were documented in the UK Biobank and NHANES, respectively. Both cohorts demonstrated that, compared with individuals sitting less than 5 h per day, individuals with longer periods of sitting had higher risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality due to cancer, CVD, and respiratory diseases but not digestive diseases. Moreover, replacing SB per day with PA, even substituting 30 min of walking for pleasure, reduced the risk of all-cause mortality by 3.5% (hazard ratio [HR] 0.965, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.954–0.977), whereas cause-specific mortality from cancer, CVD, and respiratory diseases was reduced by 1.6% (HR 0.984, 95% CI 0.968–1.000), 4.4% (HR 0.956, 95% CI 0.930–0.982), and 15.5% (HR 0.845, 95% CI 0.795–0.899), respectively. Furthermore, the protective effects of substitution became more pronounced as the intensity of exercise increased or the alternative duration was extended to 1 h.ConclusionsSB was significantly correlated with substantially increased risks of all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality from cancer, CVD, and respiratory diseases. However, substituting sitting with various forms of PA, even for short periods involving relatively light and relaxing physical activity, effectively reduced the risk of both overall and cause-specific mortality.Graphical

Unraveling effects of manganese and oxygen substitution on electronic and magnetic properties of ZrS2 monolayer

Unraveling effects of manganese and oxygen substitution on electronic and magnetic properties of ZrS2 monolayer

Effect of the chemical substitution on structural parameters and microwave properties of the Co–Ni–Zn spinels

Co0.3Ni0.7-xZn xFe2O4 (where x = 0.00–0.7 with step 0.1) spinels or CNZF with constant Co concentration and varying of the Ni/Zn concentration were obtained by the ceramic method from initial oxides. Based on X-ray diffraction data it was concluded that all samples are single-phase (SG: Fd-3m). Concentration dependences of the lattice constant and unit cell volume correlate well with Vegard's rule and the average value of the Zn2+ and Ni2+ ionic radii. The microwave permeability was measured in the frequency range of 0.1–20 GHz by a coaxial technique. Two resonances on frequency dependences were observed. Analysis of the microwave properties and magnetostatic data showed that low-frequency magnetic peak was caused by a resonance of domain boundaries; high-frequency peak was due to a natural ferrimagnetic resonance. Obtained results opens broad perspectives for practical application of such kind of materials and possibility for microwave parameters control by the external magnetic field.

Enhancing mental well-being of undergraduates: establishing cut-off values and analyzing substitutive effects of physical activity on depression regulation.

This study aimed to analyze the effects of physical activity (PA), sleep quality, and sedentary behavior on subthreshold depression (StD) among undergraduates. This study included 834 undergraduates and assessed the impact of PA time, sleep quality, and sedentary behavior on depression. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine cut-off values for StD risk, while the isochronous substitution analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of different activities on depression regulation. Gender, age, and academic grade had no significant influence on depression levels among undergraduates (p > 0.05). However, students engaging in sedentary behavior for more than 12.1 h per day or with a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score above 3.5 were at an increased risk of subclinical depression. Additionally, the isochronous substitution of light-intensity physical activity for other activities (sleep, sedentary behavior, moderate and vigorous intensity physical activity) showed statistically significant effects (p < 0.05) in both 5-min and 10-min substitution models, demonstrating a positive effect on alleviating depression. The findings indicate that specific lifestyle factors, particularly high levels of sedentary behavior and poor sleep quality, are crucial determinants of subclinical depression among undergraduates, independent of demographic variables such as gender, age, and academic grade. Notably, light-intensity PA plays a key role in StD regulation, as substituting it with more intense physical activities or improving sleep quality substantially reduces depression scores. Furthermore, the benefits such substitution became more pronounced with the increase in duration of the activity.

Effects and mechanisms of intelligent electricity system on urban carbon reduction

This paper provides evidence on the effectiveness of China's intelligent electricity system in reducing carbon dioxide emissions in the electricity sector at the city and plant levels. The actual application level of intelligence technology in cities was quantified through text analysis of newspaper reports, demonstrating its effectiveness in reducing urban carbon dioxide emissions. Additionally, this paper explores four potential pathways through which intelligent electricity system measures impact the power industry: the adjustment effect, technological progress effect, and carbon transfer effect of energy supply structure, as well as the electricity substitution effect on the demand side. The findings suggest that combining information technology and intelligent technology in the electricity sector could enhance carbon reduction efforts.

Effect of Sr substitution on the structural, dielectric and ferroelectric property of BaTiO3

We have performed a comprehensive study to explore the effect of Sr substitution on the structural and ferroelectric properties of BaTiO3(BTO) with compositions Ba1-xSrxTiO3for 0 ⩽x⩽ 1. The room temperature structural investigation inferred that the samples with compositionsx> 0.30 has cubic phase instead of tetragonal as for pristine BTO. The temperature dependent dielectric studies illustrate that all well-known three structural phase transitions of BTO are coming closer to each other and the cubic phase is shifted towards lower temperature with increasing Sr content. The frequency dependent dielectric measurements show that there exists the mesoscopic subdomain, whose relaxation time decreases with increasing Sr concentration. The Sr substitution enhanced the ferroelectric properties and maximum remnant polarization at room temperature is observed for 20% Sr substituted sample. The frequency dependent dielectric measurements illustrate the relaxation which could be due to the mesoscopic subdomain, and its relaxation time decreases with increasing Sr concentration. The frequency dependentP-Emeasurements at room temperature infer that for 30% Sr substituted sample, the ferroelectric domain switching is dominated by the rate of nucleation whereas in other compositions forx< 0.3, it is governed by the domain wall speed. The Raman measurements infer the rearrangement of the domain configuration with Sr substitution. Modification in the intensity of the E(TO4) and A(TO3) Raman modes with electric field is also observed for 30% Sr substituted sample and the origin of this is also discussed.

Testing AI predictions that hyperglycemia-induced non-enzymatic glycation of immune system proteins impairs diabetic immunity

People with type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes, and newborns of diabetic mothers, have increased risks of contracting microbial infections such as SARS-CoV-2, amplifying comorbidity and mortality risks. Hyperglycemia and its associated hyperinflammation mediate these risks but by unknown mechanisms. We hypothesize that hyperglycemia results in glycation (non-enzymatic addition of sugars to free amino groups such as lysines) of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory proteins and peptides that mediate innate and adaptive immunity. While glycation of hemoglobin A1c is used as a benchmark for glycemic control, studies of the effects of the glycation of immune system molecules are almost non-existent. Three AI protein-glycation prediction models demonstrate that immune system proteins and peptides such as serotransferrin, lactotransferrin, lysozyme, complement proteins, immunoglobulins, Toll-like receptors, etc., probably glycate at multiple sites affecting function. However, the AI-predicted glycation sites differed significantly among the three models employed. Therefore, three tests of these predictions were carried out. Predicted glycation sites were first evaluated in terms of clinically or experimentally identified glycation sites of homologous proteins and known effects of lysine substitutions at predicted glycation sites. Second, mass spectrometry was used to identify glycation sites on lactoferrin and human lysozyme. Third, the effects on the antimicrobial activity of lactotransferrin and lysozyme glycation were tested using a Candida albicans assay. Results of tests demonstrate that protein glycation occurs and interferes with immune function but that AI glycation prediction models are very inaccurate. Suggestions for improving AI accuracy are provided.

The trees of occupation are flourishing: employment and substitution effects of regional economic complexity

PurposeCan regional economic complexity improve the employment effect, and is the employment structure also affected by heterogeneity? In order to solve these doubts, this paper plans to carry out systematic theoretical analysis and quantitative tests on these problems.Design/methodology/approachBased on the macroeconomic data of 129 countries from 1995 to 2022, this paper empirically studies the impact of economic complexity on the employment effect and its mechanism channel by building relevant models.FindingsThe results show that regional economic complexity can significantly improve the employment effect of society. At the same time, regional economic complexity has an indirect positive role in promoting employment from two aspects: accumulating fiscal surplus and increasing the working-age population. The former can stimulate employment policies by increasing the government’s tax sources, while the latter can increase production specialization and complexity by stimulating demand and increasing employment. In addition, regional economic complexity will lead to job market differentiation, making the boundary between the service sector and the labor market between industry and agriculture and between the informal employment market and the formal employment more obvious, thus triggering the substitution effect of employment.Originality/valueThe possible innovations and marginal contributions of this paper are as follows: First, there are many studies on the influencing factors of employment or unemployment, and this paper provides a new research direction for the literature on the influencing factors of employment effect by using the concept of regional economic complexity for the first time. Second, this paper broadens the research perspective of the employment effect of regional economic complexity, divides the employment substitution effect of various sectors from the perspective of industrial structure and further analyzes the employment promotion effect of regional economic complexity.

Effect of Mn substitution on crystal structure and cyclic property of Y–Ni alloy with superlattice structure

This study investigated the crystal structure, P–C isotherm, and cyclic properties of YNi3. We discovered that hydrogen-induced amorphization (HIA) was appeared in three cycles of P–C isotherm at 303 K, but it was not observed at 273 K. An analysis of the three cycles at 303 K revealed a 55 % decrease in hydrogen capacity as compared to the first cycle. To enhance the hydrogenation properties, Mn was substituted for Ni. X-ray Rietveld refinements on YNi2·7Mn0·3H3.8 reveal that the hydride phase retains the PuNi3-type structure of the original alloy. The values of a, c, the unit cell, the MgZn2-type cell, and the CaCu5-type cell expanded 5.6 %, 9.3 %, 21.9 %, 25.0 %, and 18.8 % from the original alloy. The results indicated that YNi2·7Mn0.3 retained 91 % of its initial hydrogen capacity after three cycles at 303 K. After 120 cycles in the cyclic test, YNi3 and YNi2·7Mn0.3 retained 42 % and 90 % of their initial capacity, respectively. The XRD profile of YNi3 after 120 absorption-desorption cycles revealed significant peak broadening. Similarly, peak broadening was also observed in the XRD profile of YNi2·8Mn0.2 after 120 cycles. In comparison, the XRD profile of YNi2·7Mn0.3 after 120 cycles remained relatively unchanged from its initial state. It was observed that YNi2·7Mn0.3 experienced less lattice strain during hydrogenation than YNi2·8Mn0.2.

Effect of salt substitution on fracture—a secondary analysis of the Salt Substitute and Stroke Study (SSaSS)

BackgroundAssociations of dietary sodium and potassium intake with fracture risk are inconsistent and the effects of salt substitute on fracture incidence are unknown. We assessed the effect of salt substitute compared to regular salt intake on fracture incidence using data from the Salt Substitute and Stroke Study (SSaSS).MethodsSSaSS was a cluster-randomized controlled trial conducted in 600 villages in northern China. Villages were randomly allocated into intervention and control groups in a 1:1 ratio. Salt substitute was provided to intervention villages and control villages continued regular salt use for 5 years. The primary outcome for this secondary analysis was the incidence of all fractures. Secondary outcomes included incidence of vertebral fracture, non-vertebral fracture, and fracture of unknown or non-specific location.Results20,995 participants were included in this study, and 821 fractures occurred during follow-up. Intention-to-treat analyses showed no differences between the salt substitute and regular salt groups in the incidence of all fractures (rate ratio (RR) 0.96; 95% CI 0.81 to 1.14), vertebral fracture (RR 0.82; 95% CI 0.53 to 1.26), non-vertebral fracture (RR 1.05; 95% CI 0.86 to 1.29), or fracture of unknown or non-specific location (RR 0.80; 95% CI 0.54 to 1.18).ConclusionsUse of salt substitute compared to regular salt had no detectable effect on the incidence of fracture in a population at high risk of cardiovascular disease and fracture.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02092090. Registered on March 12, 2014.

Heat Stress Impacts on Coral Reef Ecosystems and Communities: An Evaluation of Visitor Perceptions, Behaviors and Substitution Effects in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, USA

Evaluating the effects of environmental events across both biophysical and social dimensions is important in establishing a holistic view of such events. This study focuses on the impact of a devastating heat stress incident that occurred in many locations across the Caribbean region and South Atlantic during the 2023 summer season. The survey and focus of data collection was within Monroe County, a unique nature-based setting south of Miami, Florida, USA. The impact of the heat wave is still being calculated at the time of submission of this paper, but indications are that there was a major negative impact. The survey and data collection sought to understand recreationists’ perceptions, knowledge, and behavior changes as result of the heat stress impact in the Florida Keys. Respondents were interviewed during community workshops in person and through an online sample of boating/angler license holders. The results indicated a change in behavior by some respondents, which may have a longer-term economic impact, along with trends of satisfaction with outdoor recreation over time. This rapid survey method can be applied to future scenarios where social and economic data are needed to fully contextualize environmental impacts in addition to biological endpoints.

Theoretical Investigation of the Effects of Aldehyde Substitution with Pyran Groups in D-π-A Dye on Performance of DSSCs.

This work investigated the substitution of the aldehyde with a pyran functional group in D-π-aldehyde dye to improve cell performance. This strategy was suggested by recent work that synthesized D-π-aldehyde dye, which achieved a maximum absorption wavelength that was only slightly off the threshold for an ideal sensitizer. Therefore, DFT and TD-DFT were used to investigate the effect of different pyran substituents to replace the aldehyde group. The pyran groups reduced the dye energy gap better than other known anchoring groups. The proposed dyes showed facile intermolecular charge transfer through the localization of HOMO and LUMO orbitals on the donor and acceptor parts, which promoted orbital overlap with the TiO2 surface. The studied dyes have HOMO and LOMO energy levels that could regenerate electrons from redox potential electrodes and inject electrons into the TiO2 conduction band. The lone pairs of oxygen atoms in pyran components act as nucleophile centers, facilitating adsorption on the TiO2 surface through their electrophile atoms. Pyrans increased the efficacy of dye sensitizers by extending their absorbance range and causing the maximum peak to redshift deeper into the visible region. The effects of the pyran groups on photovoltaic properties such as light harvesting efficiency (LHE), free energy change of electron injection, and dye regeneration were investigated and discussed. The adsorption behaviors of the proposed dyes on the TiO2 (1 1 0) surface were investigated by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The calculated adsorption energies indicates that pyran fragments, compared to the aldehyde in the main dye, had a greater ability to induce the adsorption onto the TiO2 substrate.

Effect of Ni substitution atom on electronic properties and surface oxidation of pyrrhotite

The crystal and surface electronic properties of minerals are fundamentally linked to their flotation behavior. To investigate the effects of Ni substitution for Fe in pyrrhotite on the crystal and surface properties, as well as its oxidation by O2, density functional theory (DFT) was employed to analyze these changes at a microscopic level in both monoclinic and hexagonal pyrrhotite. The findings reveal that Ni substitution increases electron activity in monoclinic pyrrhotite, enhancing its resistance to oxidation by O2, while also strengthening the interaction between Ni-substituted monoclinic pyrrhotite and butyl xanthate. Conversely, in hexagonal pyrrhotite, Ni substitution enhances electron stability but makes it more susceptible to oxidation by O2 and weakens its interaction with butyl xanthate. Understanding the electronic properties and interaction mechanisms of Ni-substituted pyrrhotite with O2 is crucial for elucidating the surface oxidation mechanisms of pyrrhotite. This research offers insights and guidance for optimizing pyrrhotite flotation processes.

Ta5+-substitution effects on crystal structure and ferroelectric property in HfO2-based films

To investigate the Ta5+-substitution effects on crystal structure and ferroelectric property in HfO2-based films, Ta x Hf1−x O2+δ films with various film thicknesses and Ta content were prepared. The ferroelectric orthorhombic phase was formed in a wide film thickness range of 20–100 nm while in a narrow composition range of x = 0.10–0.14. These thickness-insensitive and composition-sensitive characteristics of Ta5+-substituted HfO2 film are similar to Y3+ rather than Zr4+. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement suggests that the ionic state of Ta is not reduced and Ta x Hf1−x O2+δ film has an excess oxygen state. The excess oxygen may consist of a combination of oxygen vacancies and more interstitial oxygens. These defects facilitate the formation of the ferroelectric phasebut also decrease the breakdown voltage and increase the leakage current in Ta5+-substituted HfO2 films. On the other hand, the generation of excess oxygen indicates the possibility of controlling oxygen vacancies which deteriorate fatigue and retention properties.

Structural and Electrical Studies of Polycrystalline Pr𝑥Y1−𝑥FeO3 Materials Prepared Through Sol-Gel Route

Objectives: Investigations on structural, morphological and electrical studies of Pr substituted YFeO3 samples synthesized through sol-gel route are presented in this paper. Methods: PrxY1-xFeO3 (x=0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) samples are synthesized by sol-gel auto combustion method. Structural characterization of the samples is done by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques. Electrical properties are studied by J-E and Ln J-Ln E measurements. Findings: Rietveld refined XRD structural analysis shows sharp intense peaks indicating the crystalline nature of the samples and all the samples possess distorted orthorhombic structure with space group Pbnm. FESEM analysis shows non-uniform nature of grain size with increasing porosity. EDX data confirms elemental composition, weight and atomic percentage of the prepared samples which further confirms their purity. The leakage current density increases with increase in Pr doping. The slopes of Ln J-Ln E graphs of all the samples are in the range of 1.11 to 1.51 confirming that Ohmic conduction is predominant conduction mechanism. Novelty: Investigations on the effect of Pr substitution on electrical properties of single phase YFeO3­ samples reveal that the substitution of Pr in YFeO3 decreases the ferroelectric nature of the samples. Keywords: Sol-gel method, XRD, FESEM, EDX, Electrical Properties

Research on retailer’s pricing and stocking strategy in two-stage green supply chain considering bounded rationality and non-green product

Due to the bounded rationality of decision-makers and the substitution effect of non-green products, retailers are not always profitable when selling green products. To assist retailers who may be disadvantaged in the game, this study constructs a two-stage green supply chain game model, considering the bounded rationality of decision-makers and the substitution effect of non-green products, and analyzes the impacts of two operational strategies that retailers can adopt—price-cutting strategy and early replenishment strategy. The research reveals that retailers tend to lower prices in the second stage when price reductions stimulate consumer purchases, enhancing their profitability. However, strategic retailers may raise prices in the first stage to create room for discounts later, potentially harming consumer interests. Contrary to expectations, anticipating future demand does not always improve supply chain profitability in the early replenishment strategy, which mainly depends on the market environment. Early replenishment deprives retailers of negotiation leverage in the second stage, and bulk orders may lead manufacturers to over-invest in green innovation. Therefore, this strategy is effective only when green innovation costs are low, consumer environmental awareness is high, or price sensitivity is low.

Spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and driving factors analysis of regional energy supply and demand in China

Under the requirements of the Sustainable Development Goals, the study of China's energy development is an important reference for other countries to plan their energy policies. China is facing the problem of slow energy transformation processes and a continuously widening gap between supply and demand. Using panel data for 2012–2021, this study analyzes the characteristics of energy in China's 30 provinces, and clarifies the problems faced by each province. GM (1,1) model is employed to forecast the level of energy development from 2023 to 2030. The LMDI (Logarithmic mean Divisia index) model is utilized to analyze factors impacting energy demand in each province, according to which the design of energy development direction in each region is completed. The study finds that: (1) Overall, energy supply and demand in China are marked by “high in the west, low in the east” and “low in the west, high in the east,” respectively. The energy structure of each region is continuously optimized, but coal still has a high share. (2) The pace of clean energy development is satisfactory. However, natural gas's increase in share is relatively slight on both supply and demand sides. The substitution effect is not in line with the expectations of the transition policy. (3) Economic and investment effect are major contributing factors to increase energy demand, while the technical effect plays a significant part in reducing energy demand. A few insights from this study are provided for the formulation of transition policies in China.

Style over substance? Advertising, innovation, and endogenous market structure

While firms use both innovation and advertising to boost profits, markups, and market shares, their broader social implications vary substantially. We study their interaction and analyze their implications for competition, industry dynamics, growth, and welfare. We develop an oligopolistic general-equilibrium growth model with firm heterogeneity. Market structure is endogenous, and firms’ production, innovation, and advertising decisions interact strategically. We find advertising reduces static misallocation, but also depresses growth through a substitution effect with R&D. Although advertising is found to be socially useful, taxing it could simultaneously increase dynamic efficiency, contain excessive advertising spending, and raise revenue, while still reducing misallocation.

T-Cell Receptors Cross-Reactive to Coronaviral Epitopes Homologous to the SPR Peptide.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has promoted an interest in studying the T-cell immune response. It was found that the polyclonal and cross-reactive T-cell response against seasonal coronaviruses and other SARS-CoV-2 strains reduced disease severity. We investigated the immunodominant T-cell epitope SPRWYFYYYL from the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2. The immune response to this epitope is characterized by the formation of highly homologous (convergent) receptors that have been found in the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires of different individuals. This epitope belongs to a group of highly conserved peptides that are rarely mutated in novel SARS-CoV-2 strains and are homologous to the epitopes of seasonal coronaviruses. It has been suggested that the cross-reactive response to homologous peptides contributes to the reduction of COVID-19 severity. However, some investigators have questioned this hypothesis, suggesting that the low affinity of the cross-reactive receptors reduces the strength of the immune response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of amino acid substitutions in the SPR epitope on its binding affinity to specific TCRs. For this, we performed antigen-dependent cellular expansions were performed using samples from four COVID-19-transfected donors and sequenced their TCR repertoires. The resulting SPR-specific repertoire of β-chains in TCRs had a greater sequence diversity than the repertoire of α-chains. However, the TCR repertoires of all four donors contained public receptors, three of which were cloned and used to generate the Jurkat E6-1 TPR cell line. Only one of these receptors was activated by the SPR peptide and recognized with the same affinity by its mutant homologue LPRWYFYYY from seasonal coronaviruses. This indicates that the presence of the mutation did not affect the strength of the immune response, which may explain why the cross-reactive response to the SPR epitope is so frequent and contributes positively to COVID-19 infection.

Genetic and mechanistic evaluation of an individual with para-Bombay phenotype associated with a compound heterozygote comprising two novel FUT1 variants.

As is well documented, the para-Bombay phenotype is typically characterized by the reduction or absence of ABH antigens on red blood cells but the presence of corresponding antigens in saliva. Herein, the underlying molecular mechanism of an individual with para-Bombay AB phenotype combined with two novel variants of the FUT1 gene was investigated. ABH antigens and antibodies were detected in the serum of the proband using conventional serological methods. The coding region nucleotides of the ABO, FUT1, and FUT2 genes were directly sequenced by polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, the FUT1 haploid type in the proband was analyzed by TA clone sequencing. The 3D structure of wild-type and mutant fucosyltransferases were simulated and analyzed using Phyre2 and Pymol software. Lastly, the effect of missense substitution on the function of fucosyltransferase was predicted by the Polymorphism Phenotyping algorithm (PolyPhen-2) and MutationTaster. ABH antigens were noted to be absent on the surface of red blood cells of the proband. The ABO genotype was ABO*A1.02/ABO*B.01, while the FUT2 genotype was FUT2*01/FUT2*c.357T. Interestingly, two novel missense variants (c.289G>A, p.Ala97Thr and c.575G>C, p.Arg192Pro) and one synonymous SNP (c.840G>A) were identified in the FUT1 gene. Furthermore, c.289G>A was detected in one haploid type, whereas c.575G>C and c.840G>A were discovered in another haploid type. Meanwhile, in silico analysis revealed that amino acid substitution caused by missense variants altered the partial spatial structure of the α-helices where residues 97 and 298 were located using 3D homology modeling software. Finally, both missense variants were defined as probably damaging based on PolyPhen-2 prediction. Two novel FUT1 variants were identified in a Chinese individual with para-Bombay AB phenotype, which can expand our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the para-Bombay phenotype and contribute to improving the safety of blood transfusion.