Effect Of Submaximal Exercise Research Articles

Effect of Submaximal Exercise on Trained and Untrained Intensity on Estrogen Levels in Female White Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) Wistar Strains

Background: Trained and continuous physical activity can increase estrogen levels in women, while irregular activity can increase excessive Estrogen levels. Submaximal exercise is a recommended exercise to improve a woman's physiological function The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of submaximal exercise on trained and untrained intensity on Estrogen levels in female white rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strains. Methods: This research was an experimental study using a post-test-only control group design using 30 female Wistar rats which were divided into 5 groups: control group not treated (K1), experimental group of animals with exercise intensity without intervention (K2), group of experimental animals with untrained intensity without intervention (K3), group of experimental animals with exercise intensity with intervention (K4), and experimental group of animals with exercise intensity with intervention (K4). experimental animals with untrained intensity treatment with intervention (K5). The intervention was swimming at moderate intensity with a duration of 85% of the maximum time to swim and a load of 8% of the rat's body weight. After the treatment period, all groups were terminated to take intracardiac blood measured using ELISA. Results: The data results were analyzed using statistical tests. The results of this study found that the trained group had lower Estrogen levels compared to the untrained group, but higher than the control group. The Kruskal-Wallis test show a significance value (p = 0.157), p> 0.05. Conclusion: In this study, there was no effect of submaximal exercise between trained and untrained intensity on Estrogen levels in Wistar strain female white rat.

The effect of fish oil supplementation on fatigue perception following submaximal exercise during the COVID-19 pandemic

The pandemic of COVID-19 has created the "New Normal" lifestyle and limited people to performing their daily activities from home. These changes in turn affect the level of physical activities, including the intention to engage in regular exercise, in most people, subsequently putting them at risk of having negative effects due to being physically inactive. This condition may down regulate the human immune system, making it more vulnerable to various diseases. Oral supplementation of fish oil has been proposed to have benefits for decreasing pro-inflammatory markers induced by exercise. This study aimed to analyze the effect of fish oil supplementation on the degree of fatigue perception following submaximal exercise. Forty-four male college students participated in this non-equivalent pre-posttest experimental research. The participants were supplemented with 2 soft capsules of 1.5 grams of fish oil for 8 weeks. The effect of submaximal exercise was carried out by the sit-up and bleep tests, which were measured before and after 8 weeks of fish oil supplementation. The research procedure was approved by the ethics committee of the Makassar State University research institute. The results showed that there was a strong relationship between the administration of fish oil supplements and the level of fatigue perception following sit-ups and bleep tests (p values of -0.529 and -0.658, respectively) performed during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study concludes that the administration of fish oil supplementation affects the degree of fatigue perception after doing submaximal exercise, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Effect of Submaximal Exercise on Cutaneous Blood Flow, Thermoregulation and Recovery Hemodynamics Following Endurance Exercise

Aim. There are numerous reports of attenuation of cutaneous blood flow (CBF) during the recovery period after a single bout of exercise, but no one has investigated the CBF response to consecutive short-lasting aerobic exercise (SLAE) sessions following exhaustive endurance exercise (EEE) on daily basis, although this is a commonly used training regime in recreational athletes and could cause a cumulative increase in CBF that may be important for wound healing. This study examined the effects of EEE on forearm skin blood flow (LDF), cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in response to SLAE sessions performed for 7 days after EEE, as well as the correlation between cutaneous blood flow and indices associated with heart rate (HR) to examine the role of thermoregulation in post-exercise HR regulation. Methods. In 19 recreational runners, LDF, MAP, HR, heart rate recovery (HRR), and HR variability indices (lnRMSSD, lnHF, and lnLF/ HF) were measured after SLAE in the form of submaximal graded cycling performed on consecutive days after EEE in the form of a half marathon and compared with baseline values before EEE. A significant time effect was observed for all measured parameters throughout the study period. Results. Postexercise LDF increased 24 hours after EEE compared with baseline (77.814 AU compared with 54.712 AU). Postexercise hypotension was significantly more pronounced immediately after EEE compared with baseline (88.95.3 mmHg compared with 99.33.2 mmHg). However, postexercise CVC showed a progressive increase compared with baseline both immediately and 24 hours after EEE (0.53 0.07 AU/mmHg, 0.66 0.09 AU/mmHg compared with 0.4 0.09 AU/mmHg). A small negative correlation between LDF and HRR was observed throughout the experimental protocol. Conclusion. These results suggest that EEE strongly influences cutaneous and systemic hemodynamics and cardiac autonomic response during recovery after SLAE. Our most important finding was that EEE improved cutaneous perfusion 24 hours after completion of EEE, which may be important for wound healing. The results of our study are potentially applicable for patients with chronic wounds who should be encouraged to exercise moderately on daily basis and to include endurance exercises occasionally, as this strategy potentiates postexercise cutaneous perfusion.

The Effect of Submaximal Exercise on Jugular Venous Pulse Assessed by a Wearable Cervical Plethysmography System.

The jugular venous pulse (JVP) is a one of the crucial parameters of efficient cardiovascular function. Nowadays, limited data are available regarding the response of JVP to exercise because of its complex and/or invasive assessment procedure. The aim of the present work is to test the feasibility of a non-invasive JVP plethysmography system to monitor different submaximal exercise condition. Twenty (20) healthy subjects (13M/7F mean age 25 ± 3, BMI 21 ± 2) underwent cervical strain-gauge plethysmography, acquired synchronously with the electrocardiogram, while they were carrying out different activities: stand supine, upright, and during the execution of aerobic exercise (2 km walking test) and leg-press machine exercise (submaximal 6 RM test). Peaks a and x of the JVP waveform were investigated since they reflect the volume of cardiac filling. To this aim, the Δax parameter was introduced, representing the amplitude differences between a and x peaks. Significant differences in the values of a, x, and ax were found between static and exercise conditions (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001), respectively. Particularly, the ax value for the leg press was approximately three times higher than the supine, and during walking was even nine times higher. The exercise monitoring by means of the novel JVP plethysmography system is feasible during submaximal exercise, and it provides additional parameters on cardiac filling and cerebral venous drainage to the widely used heartbeat rate value.

The Effect of Submaximal Exercise Followed by Short-Term Cold-Water Immersion on the Inflammatory State in Healthy Recreational Athletes: A Cross-Over Study.

Cold-water immersion (CWI) after exercise is a method used by sportsmen to improve recovery. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of a 3 min CWI on the inflammatory state by measuring levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and activities of α1-antitrypsin (AAT) and lysosomal enzymes, including arylsulfatase (ASA), acid phosphatase (AcP), and cathepsin D (CTS D), in the blood of healthy recreational athletes. Male volunteers (n = 22, age 25 ± 4.8 yr) performed a 30 min submaximal aerobic exercise, followed by a 20 min rest at room temperature (RT-REST) or a 20 min rest at room temperature with an initial 3 min 8 °C water bath (CWI-REST). Blood samples were taken at baseline, immediately after exercise, and after 20 min of recovery. The IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α levels and the AAT activity increased significantly immediately after exercise. The IL-6 level was significantly higher after CWI-REST than after RT-REST. No changes in the activities of the lysosomal enzymes were observed. The effect of a 3 min CWI on the level of inflammatory markers during post-exercise recovery was limited. Thus, it might be considered as a widely available method of regeneration for recreational athletes.

The effects of submaximal exercise and cold exposure on blood coagulation parameters in coronary artery disease patients

BackgroundBoth exercise and cold exposure increase blood coagulation potential but their combined effects are not known. The purpose of the present study was to assess blood coagulation factors in response to submaximal exercise in the cold environment among patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsSixteen men (61.1 ± 7.1 years) with stable CAD participated in three 30-min experimental conditions (seated rest in − 15 °C and exercise in both + 22 °C and − 15 °C) in random order. The employed exercise consisted of brisk walking (66–69% of maximal heart rate). Factor VII (FVII), fibrinogen, D-dimer and von Willebrand factor (vWF) were analyzed from blood samples obtained before, immediately and one hour after each experiment.ResultsOn average, FVII activity (95% confidence interval, CI) was 123 (108–143) %, 123 (106–140) %, 121 (103–139) % (baseline, recovery 1, recovery 2), fibrinogen concentration (95% CI) 3.81 (3.49–4.12) g/l, 3.71 (3.34–4.08) g/l, 3.65 (3.26–4.05) g/l, D-dimer concentration (95% CI) 0.42 (0.28–0.56) µg/ml, 0.42 (0.29-.55) µg/ml and 0.39 (0.29–0.49) µg/ml, and vWF activity (95% CI) 184 (135–232) %, 170 (128–212) % and 173 (129–217) % after exercise in the cold. Average FVII activity varied from 122 to 123%, fibrinogen concentration from 3.71 to 3.75 g/l, D-dimer concentration from 0.35 to 0.51 µg/ml and von Willebrand factor activity from 168 to 175% immediately after each three experimental condition.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that submaximal lower body exercise carried out in a cold environment does not significantly affect blood coagulation parameters among patients with stable CAD.

Effect of Submaximal Exercise in a Hot Environment on Physiological Responses in Thoroughbred Horses

Effect of Submaximal Exercise in a Hot Environment on Physiological Responses in Thoroughbred Horses

The Effect of Submaximal Exercise on Blood Creatinine, Urea, Total Protein and Uric Acid Levels of Trained and Untrained Subjects

There are numerous studies about exercise-induced sports hematuria, proteinuria, acute renal failure following a marathon (Steward, Posen, 1980; Poortmans et al., 2001; Ayca et al., 2006). But studies investigating the effects of exercise on blood indicators of renal function are quite few.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of submaximal veloergometric exercise on very important bio-chemical indicators of renal function — level nitrogen compounds in the blood. We investigated concentration of creatinine, urea, total protein and uric acid in venous blood samples before and after submaximal veloergometric exercise. Those nitrogen compounds were studied in three groups of subjects.The study was performed with 10 trained (Group 1), 10 untrained subjects (Group 2) and 10 subjects with I o hiper-tensive status (Group 3). The age range was 20.5—21.3 years, weight — 71.8—77.3 kg, height — 180—177 cm. All subjects voluntered to participate in the study after providing written informed consent. The study was approved in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Blood samples were collected before and after the submaximal velo-ergometric test into vacumtrainer tubes. Concentrations of creatinine, urea, total protein and uric acid in the serum were determined using Technicon Auto Analyzer ADVIA 1650 system.All data were reported as mean ± standard deviation (SD) unless otherwise specifi ed, and statistical signifi cance was recognized when p ≤ 0.05.No statistically signifi cant difference was observed between pre- and post exercise blood creatinine, urea, total protein and uric acid mean levels of all group subjects. A marked exercise induced increase in blood creatinine and total protein concentrations was observed when the results of trained and untrained participants’ parameter differences were compared after the exercise.A signifi cant (p &lt; 0.05) exercise-induced increase in blood urea and total protein concentration was observed when the mean values of Group 1 and Group 2 before the exercise and parameters after the exercise were compared.When blood creatinine, urea, total protein and uric acid levels were compared separately for the participants, it was observed that seven persons in Group 1 and three persons in Group 2 showed a marked exercise-induced increase in the blood nitrogen compounds level.Research results suggest that 1) the testing exercise-induced statistically insignifi cant (p &gt; 0.05) increases in the blood parameters of nitrogen compounds (creatinine, urea, total protein and uric acid) could be due to the common phenomenon of the physical stress and catecholamine effects, 2) postexercise changes of blood nitrogen compounds were signifi cant (p &lt; 0.05) when the results of Group 1 with Group 2 participants were compared. The signifi cant differences in metabolic responce in Group 1 and Group 2 participants probably refl ect differences in work volume and intensity, and 3) further studies are needed to be performed on more subjects to evaluate exercise-specifi c effects on postexercise changes of blood nitrogen compounds in athletes and nonathletes.Keywords: blood, creatinine, urea, total protein, uric acid.

135 The Effect of Submaximal Exercise on Proliferation of Satellite Cells from Yearling Equids

135 The Effect of Submaximal Exercise on Proliferation of Satellite Cells from Yearling Equids

Effect of Submaximal Exercise on Atrioventricular Coupling and Left Ventricular Filling in Healthy Athletes

Effect of Submaximal Exercise on Atrioventricular Coupling and Left Ventricular Filling in Healthy Athletes

Peripheral circulation monitored by surface temperature and autonomic nervous function in hypobaric hypoxic environment: Effects of submaximal exercise

Hypothermia and frostbite are frequently seen in accidents in remote wilderness environment, especially in hypobaric hypoxic conditions. The aim of this study was to clarify how hypobaric hypoxic conditions affects peripheral circulation. Peripheral skin temperature and autonomic nervous functions were assessed in two 1000-m ascent exercises. Subjects (n = 15) ascended from 1000 m above sea level in Study 1, and ascended from 2400 m in Study 2. Conditions other than environmental oxygen pressure were mostly identical in both studies. The autonomic nervous activities were decreased solely in Study 2. The relative sympathetic activity was significantly increased in the lower barometric pressure in Study 2 (p < 0.01). Peripheral skin temperature was significantly decreased after the exercise in Study 2 (p < 0.01). In conclusion, hypobaric hypoxia itself induced peripheral low temperature during exercise at high altitudes. Relative sympathetic hyperactivity may be responsible for the compromised peripheral circulation.

The effect of submaximal exercise on immuno- and bioassayable IGF-I activity in patients with GH-deficiency and healthy subjects

Objective Growth hormone (GH) increases during exercise, but the response of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system has not been as definitive. Therefore, we investigated the effect of the exercise-induced GH response on the circulating IGF-system in GH-deficient (GHD) and intact adults. Design Eight GHD adults were studied on 2 occasions, with (+GH) and without (−GH) GH administered (0.4 IU) during exercise (45 min of cycle ergometer exercise at the lactate threshold). Eight age-matched controls were only studied on one occasion. Blood samples were drawn at baseline, during and post-exercise. IGFBP-3 proteolysis was measured by an in vitro proteolytic activity assay, IGF-I bioactivity by novel IGF-I kinase receptor activation assay (KIRA) and other hormones by immunoassay. Results GH administration to GHD adults resulted in a serum GH peak similar to the exercise-stimulated GH response in GH intact controls, but exercise had only a small impact on the IGF system. IGF-I concentration was lower in controls but was only significantly lower than the +GH day. Neither IGF-I nor -II levels changed over time. IGFBP-1 demonstrated a time effect ( P < 0.01) in all groups, and a time × group interaction ( P < 0.01) with a rise at 75 min post-exercise, which was greater in the GHD subjects than controls. IGFBP-2 and -3 increased significantly ( P < 0.01) over time in the GHD subjects, but not in the controls. No change in IGFBP-3 proteolysis or IGF-I bioactivity was found during exercise or recovery in either group. Conclusion Submaximal exercise induced minor changes in IGFBP-1, -2 and -3, without affecting IGFBP-3 proteolysis and IGF-I bioavailability. Thus the metabolic status during submaximal exercise does not require a change in plasma IGF-I bioavailability. Administration of GH to GHD adults does not result in changes in proteolysis or bioavailability.

Effects of submaximal exercise on adenine nucleotide concentrations in skeletal muscle fibers of horses with polysaccharide storage myopathy

To determine whether disruption of adenine triphosphate (ATP) regeneration and subsequent adenine nucleotide degradation are potential mechanisms for rhabdomyolysis in horses with polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM) performing submaximal exercise. 7 horses with PSSM and 4 control horses. Horses with PSSM performed 2-minute intervals of a walk and trot exercise on a treadmill until muscle cramping developed. Control horses exercised similarly for 20 minutes. Serum creatine kinase (CK) activity was measured 4 hours after exercise. Citrate synthase (CS), 3-OH-acylCoA dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities prior to exercise and glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) and lactate concentrations before and after exercise were measured in gluteal muscle specimens. Adenine triphosphate, diphosphate (ADP), monophosphate (AMP), and inosine monophosphate (IMP) concentrations were measured before and after exercise in whole muscle, single muscle fibers, and pooled single muscle fibers. Serum CK activity ranged from 255 to 22,265 U/L in horses with PSSM and 133 to 278 U/L in control horses. Muscle CS activity was lower in horses with PSSM, compared with control horses. Muscle G-6-P lactate, ATP, ADP, and AMP concentrations in whole muscle did not change with exercise in any horses. Concentration of IMP increased with exercise in whole muscle, pooled muscle fibers, and single muscle fibers in horses with PSSM. Large variations in ATP and IMP concentrations were observed within single muscle fibers. Increased IMP concentration without depletion of ATP in individual muscle fibers of horses with PSSM during submaximal exercise indicates an energy imbalance that may contribute to the development of exercise intolerance and rhabdomyolysis.

Effect of submaximal exercise on horse homocysteinaemia: possible implications for immune cells

Physical exercise induces a reduction of immune defences and an imbalance of red–ox status. In this study plasma levels of cysteine and homocysteine (Hcy) were determined in horses before and after submaximal treadmill exercise as well as the effect on horse lymphocyte proliferation. The exercise induced a significant increase in plasma Hcy levels, which remained high both after the 20 min recovery period and after 2 h of rest. Moreover, a reduction of lymphocyte responsiveness to the proliferative stimulus induced by Concanavalin A was observed. The effects of different Hcy concentrations on the proliferative capacity of lymphocytes in culture were also tested. The results indicated that 10 μM of this amino acid can reduce the proliferative capacity of resting lymphocytes as well as their responsiveness to mitogen. Moreover, our results suggest that homocysteinaemia could be considered one of the parameters affected by physical exercise in horses and that this amino acid could be implicated in the effects of physical exercise on the immune system.

The effect of submaximal exercise on platelet aggregation during late follicular and midluteal phases in women

Introduction: The key role of platelets in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis prompted considerable interest on the effect of physical exercise on platelets. Due to probable menstrual cycle variations, only a limited number of investigations have studied the effect of exercise on platelets in women. The study was undertaken to determine the effect of acute submaximal exercise on platelet aggregation and thromboxane A 2 (TxA 2) formation in females during their late follicular and midluteal phases. Materials and methods: Twelve healthy, sedentary, female volunteers performed 15 min of cycling exercise at a workload that increased their heart rate to 75% of maximal in two phases of the menstrual cycle. The maximal rate of ADP and collagen-induced platelet aggregation was evaluated on citrated whole blood using the impedance technique. Thrombin-induced thromboxane A 2 formation was evaluated by the measurement of thromboxane B 2 (TxB 2) level by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Results and conclusion: No significant difference was found between maximal rates of platelet aggregation measured in the different phases of menstrual cycle. Collagen-induced platelet aggregation and platelet count increased significantly after the exercise in both late follicular and midluteal phases ( p<0.05). ADP-induced platelet aggregation did not change due to the exercise during the two phases of menstrual cycle. The thromboxane B 2 level measured in the midluteal phase was significantly higher than that measured in late follicular phase at rest. It was significantly increased after the exercise in late follicular phase while no significant difference was found between pre-exercise and postexercise levels in the midluteal phase. The differences in thromboxane A 2 formation were pointed out in the changes in platelet reactivity status. The inhibitory systems for platelets need further investigations. Our findings support the idea that menstrual variations do not have pronounced and acute effects on both platelet aggregation and response of platelets to acute exercise.

Effects of submaximal exercise with water ingestion on intraocular pressure in healthy human males.

The effects of exercise and water replacement on intraocular pressure (IOP) have not been well established. Furthermore, it is not known whether the temperature of the fluid ingested influences the IOP response. In the present study we determined the effect of water ingestion at three temperatures (10, 24 and 38 degrees C; 600 ml 15 min before and 240 ml 15, 30 and 45 min after the beginning of each experimental session) on the IOP of six healthy male volunteers (age = 24.0 +/- 3.5 years, weight = 67.0 +/- 4.8 kg, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) = 47.8 +/- 9.1 ml kg-1 min-1). The subjects exercised until exhaustion on a cycle ergometer at a 60% VO2peak in a thermoneutral environment. IOP was measured before and after exercise and during recovery (15, 30 and 45 min) using the applanation tonometry method. Skin and rectal temperatures, heart rate and oxygen uptake were measured continuously. IOP was similar for the right eye and the left eye and increased post-water ingestion under both exercising and resting conditions (P<0.05) but did not differ between resting and exercising situations, or between the three water temperatures. Time to exhaustion was not affected by the different water temperatures. Rectal temperature, hydration status, heart rate, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide extraction and lactate concentration were increased by exercise but were not affected by water temperature. We conclude that IOP was not affected by exercise and that water ingestion increased IOP as expected, regardless of water temperature.

The Effect of Submaximal Exercise on Recovery Hemodynamics and Thermoregulation in Men and Women

Five women and 5 men were studied to examine the effects of submaximal exercise on thermoregulatory and hemodynamic variables during recovery in two environments: (a) control (C), 22 °C, 33% rh; and (b) hot humid (H), 32 °C. The participants exercised on a cycle ergometer at 60% of peak oxygen consumption for 35 min prior to 90 min of seated recovery. Sessions were identical, except for environment. Variables evaluated (p < .05) were: core temperature (TR), mean skin temperature (), sweat rate (SR), heart rate (HR), stroke index (SI), cardiac index (CI), forearm blood flow (FBF), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Men and women exhibited similar patterns of TR' , and SR in both environments. and SR (collapsed means for gender) were higher in the H than in the C. DBP was higher in men than in women throughout recovery in both environments. With combined means for gender, HR was higher in the H than in the C. CI, SI, FBF, and SBP were similar in both environments and returned to baseline within 15 min into recovery. These data suggest that heat dissipation during extended recovery was accomplished with similar contributions of cutaneous vasodilation and sweating in M and F. Furthermore, the moderate exercise level did not influence hemodynamics beyond 15 min of recovery in either environment.

780-2 Exercise Increases Systemic Nitric Oxide Production in Men

The effects of submaximal exercise on systemic nitric oxide (NO) formation, as assessed by measuring the urinary excretion rates of NO - 3 and of cyclic GMP, were compared in 10 endurance-trained and 6 untrained male subjects. Urinary excretion rates of NO - 3 (by gas chromatography) and cyclic GMP (by radioimmunoassay) were assesse before and after a 30 min exercise test dlt 60% of each subject's individual maximal work capacity in hourly intervals. Urinary NO - 3 excretion in untrained and trained subjects was comparable at rest (104 ± 35 vs. 110 ± 19 μmol/mmol creatinine, p = n.s.). It more than doubled during exercise in both groups (to 236 ± 88 μmol/mmol creatinine in untrained and to 252 ± 39 μmol/mmol creatinine in trained subjects, each p &lt; 0.01) and rapidly decreased to baseline within 2 hours after the test. Resting urinary cyclic GMP excretion was fourfold higher in the athletes than in the untrained subjects (21 ± 5 vs. 6 ± 1 nmol/mmol creatinine, p &lt; 0.05). During exercise it increased about twofold in both groups (to 52 ± 12 and 10 ± 1 nmol/mmol creatinine, respectively, each p &lt; 0.01), and returned to baseline after its end. There was a correlation between urinary cyclic GMP and NO - 3 excretion (p &lt; 0.05) in both groups. We conclude that acute submaximal exercise increases the formation of NO in man, as reflected by the increased urinary excretion of NO - 3 and cyclic GMP. This may contribute to the vasodilation during physical exercise, and at least partly explain the beneficial effects of physical training in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

A study of some potential correlates of the hypotensive effects of prolonged submaximal exercise in normotensive men.

This study was undertaken (1) to examine the relation of plasma catecholamine and insulin levels to the blood pressure response during and after submaximal exercise, (2) to verify whether the blood pressure response to an epinephrine infusion is associated with the blood pressure response to a prolonged submaximal exercise, and (3) to study some potential correlates of the hypotensive effect of prolonged aerobic exercise. Nine normotensive young men (mean age 22.0 +/- 1.4 years) were subjected to a 1-h epinephrine infusion protocol and a 1-h submaximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer. The two tests were performed 1 week apart. The physiological and hormonal responses observed during the submaximal exercise test were generally greater than those observed during the epinephrine infusion test. Blood pressure responses in both tests showed no significant association with changes in plasma insulin levels. Changes in plasma norepinephrine concentration were positively correlated with changes in systolic blood pressure during the submaximal exercise test but not during the epinephrine infusion. Results also showed that the blood pressure response to epinephrine infusion was not correlated with the blood pressure response to submaximal exercise. However, post-exercise and post-infusion systolic blood pressure responses (differences between "post-test" and "resting" values) were significantly associated (r = 0.81, p less than 0.01). In addition, a significant hypotensive effect of submaximal exercise was observed for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

亜最大運動負荷時のHDLの変化について

亜最大運動負荷時のHDLの変化について