Effect Of Storage Research Articles

Lipid and volatile profiles of Finnish oat batches of pure cultivars: Effect of storage on the volatile formation

Recent data showing the compositional variation and storage behavior among different oat batches for the purpose of food remains limited. Lipids of twenty oat flour samples of pure cultivars grown in Finland during 2019 were extracted and fractionated into neutral and polar-rich lipids. Flour was stored for nine months, and profiles of volatiles and tocols were analyzed to reveal oxidative stability. The lipid content was 5.9–8.9 g per 100 g of flour [DW] and consisted of 78.7 ± 2.5 % neutral and 21.3 ± 2.5 % polar lipids. Palmitic (16 %), oleic (36 %), and linoleic (39 %) acids were the most abundant fatty acids. Neutral lipids had more oleic and less linoleic and palmitic acids than polar lipids. The fresh samples correlated with tocols, pentanal, 2-pentylfuran, 2-heptanone, nonanal, 2-butanone, and heptanal, while stored samples were associated with 3-octen-2-one, 2-octenal, hexanal, and octanal. Lipid composition and oxidative stability are essential factors for selecting oat batches for food applications.

Does snow storage affect the Palmer drought severity index? Revisiting PDSI drought indicator via conceptual model and large-scale information

Climate change and its impacts have significantly altered the hydro-climatological conditions worldwide. Accurate monitoring of drought is a crucial work for assessing water availability and environmental suitability. The Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) is a key indicator used to measure hydrological drought. However, its application in mountainous and snow-covered regions is limited due to the indicator's inadequate representation of snow hydrology and its impact during spring and summer. In this research, the authors aimed to enhance the PDSI drought indicator by incorporating snow storage and snowmelt processes via conceptual approach and large-scale snow information. Four different scenarios were developed and tested in the Gheshlagh watershed, a mountainous basin in western Iran. To ensure a comprehensive analysis, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was also employed to evaluate the results. Additionally, an alternative water balance model, better suited for the watershed, was used in place of the Palmer two-soil-layer water balance model. While the simulated indicators showed good agreement with the benchmark PDSI model, the results revealed significant changes in drought indicators, particularly during summer and spring, when considering snow storage. Moreover, the impact of using a different water balance model was found to be more influential than incorporating snow storage in the PDSI framework. Based on the findings, the authors recommend revisiting the PDSI approach by incorporating region-specific water balance models and accounting for the effects of snow storage.

Effects of moisture and aging upon decomposition of methyl iodide by reduced silver mordenite

Reduced silver mordenite has been considered as a sorbent for the capture of organic iodides, especially methyl iodide, from off-gases produced by aqueous used nuclear fuel reprocessing operations. The adsorption capacity of this material has been unpredictable especially when NOx and water are present. Previous work has found that a catalytic decomposition reaction is occurring on the surface but few determinations have been made of the kinetics of this reaction. The work presented tested the adsorption behavior and apparent catalytic reaction rate in humid conditions and compared those to dry conditions testing. Both experiments observed a first order reaction with rate constants of 0.0847 L/g sorbent/s and 0.1202 L/g sorbent/s respectively. Such a reduction in apparent rate constant is possibly due to either water obstructing methyl iodide adsorption or product desorption limitation. Changes in the adsorption profile were also apparent between these two, with the humid conditions experiment reaching saturation sooner than the dry conditions experiment. Additionally, an experiment into the effects of sorbent storage in a controlled laboratory environment was performed. The performance of the sorbent materials that were stored with silver in the zerovalent state was slightly inferior to those materials that were stored in ionic form (Ag+) and reduced to zerovalent silver immediately prior to subjecting them to sorption test. The materials stored with silver in the ionic form (and reduced just prior to application) behaved essentially similarly to the freshly synthesized (and reduced) sorbents in the sorption tests. This suggests that zerovalent silver experiences some oxidation resulting in deactivation of some sites.

Change in the Low-Cycle Performance on the 3D-Printed Materials ABS, ASA, HIPS, and PLA Exposed to Mineral Oil.

Three-dimensionally printed parts are increasingly used in industry for quick repairs. They are often operated in the presence of grease, oil, and others. This article describes the effect of engine mineral oil on the fatigue life of 3D-printed FDM plastic samples. For this reason, this article aimed to investigate the influence of oil on the fatigue life of materials made using this technology. Samples made of ABA, ASA, PLA, and HIPS materials were printed with 100% fill. Divided into groups, they were stored for 15, 30, and 60 days in an oil bath at a room temperature of 23 °C and an increased temperature of 70 °C. To compare the effect of storage in oil, static tests were performed to determine the tensile strength of the specimens and to determine the load levels for the cyclic tests. Cyclic tests were performed to determine the effect of oil and temperature on the fatigue life. Internal structure studies of the specimens were performed using computed microtomography to determine the changes in the porosity of the specimens under the influence of oil. In the case of ABS, the oil-bathed samples showed a clear increase in the fatigue life, especially at 23 °C. For the ASA specimens, an increase was also evident, especially for the lower stress value. For HIPS and PLA, no clear effect of the oil bath on the fatigue life value of the samples was determined. Porosity studies using computed microtomography showed a clear decrease in the porosity of the samples as a result of the oil bath for all of them.

Effect of Storage on the Antioxidant, Color and Sensory Properties of Local Bread

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of storage on antioxidant, color and sensory properties of bread, containing sourdough and potato puree, baked in stone oven in Afyonkarahisar which is city of Turkey. Sourdough was used as yeast for the production of bread. Potato puree was added to the formulation at the ratio of 30%. Breads were stored in sealed polyethylene bag at room temperature (20°C) for 1, 5 and 10 days. Bread characterization, color, β-carotene, phenolics, minerals were analyzed and a sensory evaluation was performed. Decrease in bread mass, height, width, crust thickness, total volume and specific volume were observed. β-carotene and phenolic compounds quantity of breads decreased with increasing of storage time. Storage caused a change in the crumb color of breads. Storage statistically didn’t affect the crust color values of breads. According to the panelist scores, it can be concluded that all breads stored 1, 5 and 10 days had a desired crust color, crumb texture, porosity, aroma and overall acceptance.

Effect of microwave-assisted treatment on proximate, techno-functional, thermal, structural, and storage properties of TGN (Cyperus esculentus L.) flour.

The use of the emerging technique of microwave-assisted roasting on TGN (TGN) flour was investigated. Tiger nuts were subjected to microwave irradiation at 450, 600, and 900 W each at 5, 10, and 15 min, and milled to flour. The flours were analyzed for proximate, bioactive, techno-functional, morphological, thermal, and storage effects on their composition. An untreated sample was the control. The results revealed that microwave treatment significantly (P < 0.05) elicited various modifications in the proximate composition and techno-functional properties. The treatment improved the bioactive composition of phenolic content together with the antioxidant activity of the flour. Progressive microwave treatment of TGNs resulted in flours with darker colors and reduced pasting parameters. Structural modification of starch granules, protein denaturation, and starch-protein complexes occasioned by microwave treatment were evidenced in the functional group analysis, including morphological agglomeration, increased particle size, and thermal properties. Treatment also enhanced the microbiological qualities of flour after 8 weeks of storage. This study shows that microwave treatment produces excellent physical modifications that lead to improvements in the nutritional, functional, sensory, and color properties, and safety attributes of TGN flour for food application. This is a development that could present opportunities for novel food formulation by the food industry and related industries. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Quantification of quaternary ammonium compounds by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: Minimizing losses from the field to the laboratory

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) are widely used in household, medical and industrial settings. As a consequence, they are ubiquitously found in the environment. Although significant efforts have been put into the development of sensitive and reproducible analytical methods, much less effort has been dedicated to the monitoring of QACs upon sample storage and sample preparation. Here we studied the effect of storage, concentration, and extraction procedures on the concentrations of QACs in samples. Thirteen QACs selected amongst benzalkonium compounds (BACs), dialkyldimethylammonium compounds (DADMACs) and alkyltrimethylammonium compounds (ATMACs) were quantified in aqueous and solid samples using LC-MS/MS. Most QACs adsorbed on container walls could be recovered using a short washing step with MeOH containing 2 % v/v formic acid. Concentrations of QACs from aqueous solutions using solid phase extraction (SPE) with Strata-X cartridges and elution with acidified MeOH utilized to wash the emptied containers gave highly satisfactory recoveries (101–111 %). Good recoveries (89–116 %) were also obtained when extracting a spiked organic-rich synthetic soil using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) with acidified MeOH at low solid/solvent ratio (0.4 g/20 mL). Applying the recommended methodologies to real samples collected from a Canadian wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) gave QAC concentrations in the ranges of 0.01–30 µg/L, < 1.2 µg/L, and 0.05–27 mg/kg for the influent, effluent and biosolids samples, respectively.

Platelets retain function and can be stored following disruption of human leucocyte antigens.

Antibodies to human leucocyte antigen (HLA) Class-I antigens can lead to refractoriness to platelet transfusion. Although this can be overcome by transfusion of HLA-compatible platelets, they are not always available. Disruption of HLA antigens on platelets by acid treatment may be a suitable alternative when no other components are available. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of HLA disruption and subsequent storage of platelet components. Platelet components were treated with 0.9% saline or citric acid solution (pH 3.0), and then stored until expiry (Day 7). HLA and platelet glycoprotein expression, platelet viability, activation and sialylation were measured by flow cytometry. Release of soluble factors was measured by ELISA and metabolism by biochemistry analyser. Reactivity to patient anti-sera containing anti-HLA antibodies was measured using platelet immunofluorescence tests (PIFTs) and monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigen (MAIPA) assays. Platelet function was measured using aggregometry and thromboelastography (TEG). Acid treatment reduced detection of HLA Class-I on platelets by 75%, with significant reductions in reactivity to patient anti-sera. Acid treatment reduced platelet content and viability, increased platelet activation and accelerated metabolism. Glycan cleavage was increased by acid treatment. Treatment reduced platelet activation following agonist stimulation by ADP and TRAP-6, but platelets remained functional, displaying increased aggregation response and reduced time to clot formation by TEG. Although HLA disruption had some detrimental effects, acid-treated platelets remained functional, retaining their capacity to respond to agonists and form clots, and with further development could be used to support refractory patients.

Transmission Expansion Planning Considering Storage, Flexible AC Transmission System, Losses, and Contingencies to Integrate Wind Power

To meet future load projection with the integration of renewable sources, the transmission system must be planned optimally. Thus, this paper introduces a comparative analysis and comprehensive methodology for transmission expansion planning (TEP), incorporating the combined effects of wind power, losses, N-1 contingency, a FACTS, and storage in a flexible environment. Specifically, the optimal placement of the FACTS, known as series capacitive compensation (SCC) devices, is used. The intraday constraints associated with wind power and energy storage are represented by the methodology of typical days jointly with the load scenarios light, heavy, and medium. The TEP problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem through a DC model and is solved using a specialized genetic algorithm. This algorithm is also used to determine the optimal placement of SCC devices and storage systems in expansion planning. The proposed methodology is then used to perform a comparison of the effect of the different technologies on the robustness and cost of the final solution of the TEP problem. Three test systems were used to perform the comparative analyses, namely the Garver system, the IEEE-24 system, and a real-world Colombian power system of 93 buses. The results indicate that energy storage and SCC devices lead to a decrease in transmission requirements and overall investment, enabling the effective integration of wind farms.

The Transfer Dehydrogenation Method Enables a Family of High Crystalline Benzimidazole‐linked Cu (II)‐phthalocyanine‐based Covalent Organic Frameworks Films

AbstractHeterocycle‐linked phthalocyanine‐based COFs with close‐packed π–π conjugated structures are a kind of material with intrinsic electrical conductivity, and they are considered to be candidates for photoelectrical devices. Previous studies have revealed their applications for energy storage, gas sensors, and field‐effect transistors. However, their potential application in photodetector is still not fully studied. The main difficulty is preparing high‐quality films. In our study, we found that our newly designed benzimidazole‐linked Cu (II)‐phthalocyanine‐based COFs (BICuPc‐COFs) film can hardly formed with a regular aerobic oxidation method. Therefore, we developed a transfer dehydrogenation method with N‐benzylideneaniline (BA) as a mild reagent. With this in hand, we successfully prepared a family of high crystalline BICuPc‐COFs powders and films. Furthermore, both of these new BICuPc‐COFs films showed high electrical conductivity (0.022–0.218 S/m), higher than most of the reported COFs materials. Due to the broad absorption and high conductivity of BICuPc‐COFs, synaptic devices with small source‐drain voltage (VDS=1 V) were fabricated with response light from visible to near‐infrared. Based on these findings, we expect this study will provide a new perspective for the application of conducting heterocycle‐linked COFs in synaptic devices.

Advances in metal-organic frameworks for hydrogen storage

With the advancement of science and technology and the rapid growth of the population, the global consumption of energy is increasing rapidly. Traditional fossil fuels are non-renewable resources, and their combustion emits large amounts of greenhouse gases, intensifying the pace of global warming. Therefore, people are looking for renewable resources as an alternative. Among them, hydrogen has attracted much attention due to its high energy density, the combustion product of water, and its wide range of sources. However, efficient and safe storage strategies are required to realize the wide application of hydrogen energy. One of the best materials for storing hydrogen at the moment is metal organic frameworks (MOFs), a three-dimensional porous structure material that has drawn interest because of its large surface area, tunability, and recyclability. For this reason, the preparation techniques for MOFs are initially summarized in this article. The fundamentals of MOFs' hydrogen storage were then described, along with the ways in which various circumstances affect how well they store hydrogen. In conclusion, pertinent ideas for modification were put out to enhance their hydrogen storage effectiveness and offer direction for the creation of materials for hydrogen storage.

Effect Of Storing Perishable Food Ingredients On The Quality Of Food Ingredients In The Kitchen

Utilising food storage is necessary to decrease waste and increase food quality. In this study, the effect of tainted food storage on its quality was evaluated at the Cambridge Hotel Medan. 35 people gathered to hear the announcement. Quantitative techniques using a Likert scale and inferential statistics like validity, reliability, simple regression, and determination are included in data analysis. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25 was used for the analysis. The study's findings revealed that, according to the determination test, the Cambridge Hotel Medan's food storage had a 12.6% influence on quality, while other factors outside the study had an 87.4% impact. With a significance level of 0.037, the sum of the t values (2,180) exceeds the table of the t values (2.036). The Ha hypotheses are therefore accepted, and the H0 hypothesis is disproved. According to the Ha hypothesis, there is a direct correlation between the integrity of food and how it is stored. Food and beverage goods must be further trained and supervised at storage in line with Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) in order to reduce food waste.

Exploring the role of surface roughness in concrete-based thermal energy storage systems: A computational study

This study computationally investigates the effect of thermal energy storage (TES) material surface roughness on heat transfer fluid (HTF) flow dynamics and heat transfer capabilities. The motivation is to further understand systems where concrete as the TES material directly interfaces with air as the HTF, based on previous research suggesting potential benefits of avoiding differential thermal expansion issues associated with metallic tubes. A k-ε turbulence model in COMSOL Multiphysics examined air flow over concrete surfaces with five levels of roughness from 0 to 3 mm peak height. Increasing surface roughness enhances turbulence and significantly improves heat transfer and thermal storage performance, with 7 % higher charging efficiency and energy storage capacity and 55.6 % greater heat transfer rate from 0.3 to 3 mm roughness, despite a 138 % increase in pressure drop. Applying artificial surface modifications like indentations or fins could further optimize efficiency by amplifying heat transfer advantages of increased roughness while moderating pressure losses. This indicates a promising direction for future research on enhancing thermal energy storage through concrete surface optimization and substantiates the potential of concrete as an inexpensive, scalable, high performance TES material.

The Effect of Low Temperature Storage on the Lipid Quality of Fish, Either Alone or Combined with Alternative Preservation Technologies.

Marine foods are highly perishable products due to their high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which can be readily oxidized to form peroxides and secondary oxidation products, thus conferring such foods undesirable organoleptic characteristics and generating harmful compounds that are detrimental to the health of consumers. The use of preservation methods that minimize lipid oxidation is required in the fishing and aquaculture industries. Low temperature storage (chilling or freezing) is one of the most commonly used preservation methods for fish and seafood, although it has been shown that the oxidation of the lipid fraction of such products is partially but not completely inhibited at low temperatures. The extent of lipid oxidation depends on the species and the storage temperature and time, among other factors. This paper reviews the effect of low temperature storage on the lipid quality of fish, either alone or in combination with other preservation techniques. The use of antioxidant additives, high hydrostatic pressure, irradiation, ozonation, ultrasounds, pulsed electric fields, and the design of novel packaging can help preserve chilled or frozen fish products, although further research is needed to develop more efficient fish preservation processes from an economic, nutritional, sensory, and sustainable standpoint.

Assessment of the effect of long-term serum storage for retrospective serologic diagnosis of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis)

There is currently sparse information on the possible effect of long-term storage of serum specimens for the retrospective serodiagnosis of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME). The aim of this study was to assess the agreement between the original serologic outcome and the results of a repeat indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assay for the detection of IgG antibodies against E. canis. A secondary aim was to compare the diagnostic performance of two commercially available point-of-care (POC) immunochromatographic (IC) assays. Archived serum samples originally tested as positive (n=66) or negative (n=19) for E. canis IgG antibodies and kept frozen at −20°C for a median of 22 years, were retrospectively examined by IFA and by two POC IC assays. Cohen’s Kappa coefficient (0.748, p < 0.0001), indicated a substantial agreement between the original and repeat serologic testing results. An almost identical high sensitivity and moderate specificity were established for the two POC IC assays. Canine serum specimens on long-term storage may still be of value for seroepidemiologic surveys investigating the exposure to E. canis.

Stochastic Flow Analysis for Optimization of the Operationality in Run-of-River Hydroelectric Plants in Mountain Areas

The highly temporal variability of the hydrological response in Mediterranean areas affects the operation of hydropower systems, especially in run-of-river (RoR) plants located in mountainous areas. Here, the water flow regime strongly determines failure, defined as no operating days due to inflows below the minimum operating flow. A Bayesian dynamics stochastic model was developed with statistical modeling of both rainfall as the forcing agent and water inflows to the plants as the dependent variable using two approaches—parametric adjustments and non-parametric methods. Failure frequency analysis and its related operationality, along with their uncertainty associated with different time scales, were performed through 250 Monte Carlo stochastic replications of a 20-year period of daily rainfall. Finally, a scenario analysis was performed, including the effects of 3 and 30 days of water storage in a plant loading chamber to minimize the plant’s dependence on the river’s flow. The approach was applied to a mini-hydropower RoR plant in Poqueira (Southern Spain), located in a semi-arid Mediterranean alpine area. The results reveal that the influence of snow had greater operationality in the spring months when snowmelt was outstanding, with a 25% probability of having fewer than 2 days of failure in May and April, as opposed to 12 days in the winter months. Moreover, the effect of water storage was greater between June and November, when rainfall events are scarce, and snowmelt has almost finished with operationality levels of 0.04–0.74 for 15 days of failure without storage, which increased to 0.1–0.87 with 3 days of storage. The methodology proposed constitutes a simple and useful tool to assess uncertainty in the operationality of RoR plants in Mediterranean mountainous areas where rainfall constitutes the main source of uncertainty in river flows.

Long-term storage under pressure in deep sea improved the microbiological safety and physical properties of whale meat

This study aimed to clarify the effects of deep-sea pressure storage on the quality of whale meat, especially microbiological safety and physical properties, to examine the effectiveness of deep-sea storage for long-term aging of whale meat. Microbiological safety, physical properties, color and appearance, water content, water activity, and pH of whale meat were examined after storage in the deep sea at depths of 2200–6000 m (22–60 MPa) for 4 months. During storage under high pressure at a depth of >4000 m (40 MPa), the growth of aerobic bacteria was inhibited in whale meat. The toughness of whale meat stored in deep sea at a depth of >4000 m became significantly tender than that before deep-sea storage. Long-term storage of whale meat under high pressure and low-temperature conditions in the deep sea at a depth of >4000 m was clarified to improve the microbiological safety and tenderness of whale meat.

Atomic reconstruction for realizing stable solar-driven reversible hydrogen storage of magnesium hydride

Reversible solid-state hydrogen storage of magnesium hydride, traditionally driven by external heating, is constrained by massive energy input and low systematic energy density. Herein, a single phase of Mg2Ni(Cu) alloy is designed via atomic reconstruction to achieve the ideal integration of photothermal and catalytic effects for stable solar-driven hydrogen storage of MgH2. With the intra/inter-band transitions of Mg2Ni(Cu) and its hydrogenated state, over 85% absorption in the entire spectrum is achieved, resulting in the temperature up to 261.8 °C under 2.6 W cm−2. Moreover, the hydrogen storage reaction of Mg2Ni(Cu) is thermodynamically and kinetically favored, and the imbalanced distribution of the light-induced hot electrons within CuNi and Mg2Ni(Cu) facilitates the weakening of Mg-H bonds of MgH2, enhancing the “hydrogen pump” effect of Mg2Ni(Cu)/Mg2Ni(Cu)H4. The reversible generation of Mg2Ni(Cu) upon repeated dehydrogenation process enables the continuous integration of photothermal and catalytic roles stably, ensuring the direct action of localized heat on the catalytic sites without any heat loss, thereby achieving a 6.1 wt.% H2 reversible capacity with 95% retention under 3.5 W cm−2.

Isoflavone profile and soybean quality: Effects of genotype, cultivation environment and storage

The interaction between soybean genotypes and environmental conditions alters the chemical and phytochemical composition of soybeans. These changes influence the quality of soybeans during storage. Therefore, the study analyzed the influence of soybean genotypes (BMX ALVO RR, DM 57I52RSF IPRO, BRS 5601 RR, and 95r51), cultivation environment (Bagé, Cachoeira do Sul, Vacaria, and São Luiz Gonzaga), and storage time (0, 6, 12 months) on quality parameters and the isoflavone profile of soybeans. The analyses performed included titratable acidity, soluble protein, germination, electrical conductivity, soybean defects, colorimetric profile, and isoflavone profile. The Vacaria environment showed the lowest values for acidity (0.86–0.91%), lipase activity (6.14–14.2%), electrical conductivity (194.5–335.0 μS/cm), and fermented grains (0.45–1.4%) at the end of storage, regardless of the analyzed genotype, demonstrating to be a suitable environment for the cultivation of these genotypes. Additionally, the highest concentrations of isoflavones were also detected in the genotypes cultivated in Vacaria at the beginning of storage (2205.0–2983.8 μmol/g). Analyzing all the results, the 57i52RSF genotype cultivated in Vacaria showed the best quality during storage. On the other hand, the 95r51 genotype exhibited low quality during storage, especially when cultivated in São Luiz Gonzaga.

A three-dimensional numerical well-test model for pressure transient analysis in fractured horizontal wells with secondary fractures

During oil and gas reservoir development, multi-stage horizontal wells (MFHWs) and hydraulic fracturing techniques can effectively increase estimated ultimate recovery. However, there still lacks an understanding of the three-dimensional (3D) pressure transient behaviors of multi-stage fractured horizontal wells with secondary fractures. To narrow this gap, a three-dimensional numerical well-test model based on a discrete fracture model and unstructured tetrahedral grids is developed to study the pressure transient behaviors of MFHWs with secondary fractures. The pressure transient solutions of MFHWs with secondary fractures have been demonstrated by model verifications. The results show that the proposed model can accurately capture the complex transient flow around fractures, including early radial flow that is not easily captured by two-dimensional numerical well test models. The proposed model classifies the flow regimes of a MFHW as: wellbore storage and skin effects, early radial flow, bilinear flow, linear flow, elliptical flow, pseudo radial flow, and pseudo-boundary dominated flow. It is found that the fracture geometry has a relatively large effect on the shape of the pressure derivative curve in this work. The hydraulic fracture half-length has the greatest impact on the pressure transient behaviors of the MFHW, followed by fracture height and secondary fracture half-length, as found in this study. Additionally, fracture parameters are evaluated, and actual well testing data are interpreted, taking into account the fracture height. This work is meaningful to understand the three-dimensional pressure transient behaviors of MFHWs with secondary fractures.