Effects Of Stimulation Research Articles

Personal choice shields against affective influences on effort in a "do your best" task: Effects on cardiac response.

This experiment (N = 113) tested whether personal choice vs. external assignment of task characteristics moderates the effect of incidental affective stimulation on effort-related cardiovascular response in a "do your best" task context. When participants could choose themselves the color of the stimuli (i.e., a series of letters to be recalled) used in a memory test, we expected high task commitment and willingness to mobilize resources, strong action shielding, and thus low receptivity for incidental affective influences. By contrast, when the color was externally assigned, we expected low willingness to mobilize resources, weak action shielding, and thus strong affective influences on effort. As predicted, participants in the assigned color condition showed stronger cardiac pre-ejection period reactivity during task execution when exposed to sad music than when exposed to happy music. These music effects did not appear among participants who could personally choose the color. Here, effort stayed high independently of the happy or sad background music. The present study demonstrates the moderating effect of personal choice on resource mobilization in a task of unfixed difficulty with happy and sad background music as incidental affective influence.

ID: 336440 The Effects of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation on Chronic Shoulder Pain

ID: 336440 The Effects of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation on Chronic Shoulder Pain

Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation Over the Primary Motor Cortex and Cerebellum Improves Balance and Shooting Accuracy in Elite Ice Hockey Players.

To investigate the effects of transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) applied over the primary motor cortex (M1) and cerebellum on balance control and shooting accuracy in elite ice hockey players. Twenty-one elite ice hockey players underwent anodal tDCS over theM1 (a-tDCSM1), anodal tDCS over the cerebellum (a-tDCSCB), concurrent dual-site anodal tDCS over the M1 and the cerebellum (a-tDCSM1+CB), and sham stimulation (tDCSSHAM). Before and after receiving tDCS (2mA for 15min), participants completed an ice hockey shooting-accuracy test, Pro-Kin balance test (includes stance test and proprioceptive assessment), and Y-balance test in randomized order. For static balance performance, the ellipse area in the 2-legged stance with eyes open and the 1-legged stance with the dominant leg significantly improved following a-tDCSM1, a-tDCSCB, and concurrent dual-site a-tDCSM1+CB, compared with tDCSSHAM (all P < .05, Cohen d = 0.64-1.06). In dynamic balance performance, the average trace error of the proprioceptive assessment and the composite score of the Y-balance test with the dominant leg significantly improved following a-tDCSM1 and concurrent dual-site a-tDCSM1+CB (all P < .05, Cohen d = 0.77-1.00). For the ice hockey shooting-accuracy test, shooting-accuracy while standing on the unstable platform significantly increased following a-tDCSM1 (P = .010, Cohen d = 0.81) and a-tDCSCB (P = .010, Cohen d = 0.92) compared with tDCSSHAM. tDCS could potentially be a valuable tool in enhancing static and dynamic balance and shooting accuracy on unstable platforms in elite ice hockey players.

Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Cognitive Function and Intestinal Flora in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis

Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Cognitive Function and Intestinal Flora in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis

The effects of C-tactile stimulation on temporal summation of second pain: A study of the central and peripheral neural correlates

Affective touch is mediated by specialized receptors sensitive to gentle and slow touch called C-tactile afferents (CT). The activation of these receptors has shown promise in reducing subjective pain ratings, however, how this type of touch can affect central sensitization processes is poorly studied. This work aimed to investigate if affective touch is able to modulate pain sensitization and its electrophysiological correlates during Temporal Summation of Second Pain (TSSP), a phenomenon characterized by an increase in pain perception due to repeated noxious stimuli.Thirty-seven participants underwent a TSSP protocol involving three conditions: TSSP alone, TSSP during vibrotactile stimulation, and TSSP during CT stimulation (administered with a brush mounted in a robot arm). We measured subjective pain ratings, electroencephalographic (N2-P2 complex) and electrocardiographic activity during these conditions.Participants reported a significantly lower increase of pain during CT stimulation compared to vibrotactile stimulation, but not to TSSP alone. In addition, TSSP was reduced when administered in the ipsilateral arm compared to the other somatosensory stimulation. Subjective reports of attention towards painful stimuli, amplitude of the N2-P2 complex, and heart rate were also reduced during CT stimulation. Conclusion: Our results indicated that the activation of CT receptors may reduce sensitization compared to other types of somatosensory stimulation, which is possibly related to the reduction of the attention devoted to nociceptive stimulation. Our results suggest that activation of CT receptors may alleviate the occurrence of central pain sensitization.

276 - Effects of External Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Women with Urgency Urinary Incontinence: A Randomized Sham-Controlled Study

276 - Effects of External Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Women with Urgency Urinary Incontinence: A Randomized Sham-Controlled Study

ID: 324144 Exploring Intraoperative Neural Effects of Tonic and Burst Stimulation in a Patient with Chronic Pain

ID: 324144 Exploring Intraoperative Neural Effects of Tonic and Burst Stimulation in a Patient with Chronic Pain

Alterations of synaptic plasticity in Angelman syndrome model mice are rescued by 5-HT7R stimulation.

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor disfunction, seizures, intellectual disability, speech deficits, and autism-like behavior, showing high comorbidity with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). It is known that stimulation of the serotonin receptor 7 (5-HT7R) can rescue some of the behavioral and neuroplasticity dysfunctions in animal models of Fragile X and Rett syndrome, two pathologies associated with ASD. In view of these observations, we hypothesised that alterations of 5-HT7R signalling might also be involved in AS. To test this hypothesis, we stimulated 5-HT7R with the selective agonist LP-211 to investigate its possible beneficial effects on synaptic dysfunctions and altered behavior in the AS mice model. In mutant mice, we observed impairment of the synaptic machinery of protein synthesis, which was reversed by 5-HT7R activation. Moreover, stimulation of 5-HT7R was able to: i) enhance dendritic spine density in hippocampal neurons, which was reduced in AS mice; ii) restore impaired long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal slices of the AS mice; iii) improve cognitive performance of the mutant animals subjected to the fear conditioning paradigm. Altogether, our results, showing beneficial effects of 5-HT7R stimulation in restoring molecular and cognitive deficits associated with AS, suggest that targeting 5-HT7R could be a promising therapeutic approach for the pathology.

No effects of cerebellar transcranial random noise stimulation on cerebellar brain inhibition, visuomotor learning, and pupil diameter.

Cerebellar brain inhibition (CBI) is an inhibitory output from the cerebellum to the primary motor cortex, which is decreased in early motor learning. Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation to induce brain plastic changes; however, the effects of cerebellar tRNS on CBI and motor learning have not been investigated yet to our knowledge. In this study, whether cerebellar tRNS decreases CBI and improves motor learning was examined, and pupil diameter was measured to examine physiological changes due to the effect of tRNS on motor learning. Thirty-four healthy subjects were assigned to either the cerebellar tRNS group or the Sham group. The subjects performed visuomotor tracking task with ten trials each in the early and late learning stages while receiving the stimulus intervention. CBI and motor evoked potentials were measured before the learning task, after the early learning stage, and after the late learning stage, and pupil diameter was measured during the task. There was no change in CBI in both groups. No group differences in motor learning rates were observed at any learning stages. Pupil diameter was smaller in the late learning stage than in the early learning stage in both groups. The cerebellar tRNS was suggested not to induce changes in CBI and improvement in motor learning, and it did not affect pupil diameter.

Protein Kinase C and Matrix Metalloproteinases Expression Using Phorbol Myristate Acetate in Degenerative Intervertebral Disc Cells.

Degeneration of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells involves multiple factors. The relationship between the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is important in cellular senescence. Protein kinase C (PKC), an intermediate of the non-canonical Wnt pathway stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), possibly prevents NP cell senescence, although not yet demonstrated in human-based studies. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PMA stimulation on the non-canonical and canonical Wnt pathways and MMP expression in human NP cells to ascertain its inhibitory effects on the senescence of NP cells. Human disc tissues of Pfirrmann grades 1 and 2 were collected from patients during spinal surgery and subsequently cultured. Protein and ribonucleic acid (RNA) were isolated from NP cells treated with PMA (400 nM) for 24 hours. Expression of MMP1, MMP13, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS5), transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and β-catenin were detected using western blot analysis. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of type II collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) were analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. IL-6 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of PKC-δ (intermediate of the non-canonical Wnt pathway) and β-catenin (intermediate of the canonical Wnt pathway) was increased by PMA treatment. The mRNA levels of type II collagen and GAG increased; however, their protein levels were not altered. PMA treatment increased the expression of MMP1, TIMP1, ADAMTS5, IL-6, PGE2, and TRPV4; however, the expression of MMP13 and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) was unaltered. PMA activated PKC-δ, affecting the non-canonical Wnt pathway; however, its effect on β-catenin in the canonical Wnt pathway was limited. β-catenin activation through the TRPV4 channel led to increased expression of MMP1 and ADAMTS5 and that of IL-6 and PGE2 owing to NF-κB expression. Consequently, the degeneration of NP cells was not prevented.

The effect of functional electrical stimulation on freezing of gait in people with parkinsons’ disease: a pilot study

The effect of functional electrical stimulation on freezing of gait in people with parkinsons’ disease: a pilot study

Effect of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation on postural control and associated neuroplastic alternations in chronic ankle instability

Effect of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation on postural control and associated neuroplastic alternations in chronic ankle instability

Effects Of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation On Skill Acquisition After Sports Fatigue In Basketball Players: A Pilot Study

Effects Of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation On Skill Acquisition After Sports Fatigue In Basketball Players: A Pilot Study

The Effects of Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycling on Muscle Spasticity in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling on muscle spasticity in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and provide recommendations for optimal FES cycling parameters to treat muscle spasticity. Method: In this systematic review, database searches of CINAHL, MEDLINE (Ovid), PEDro, PubMed, and Scopus were conducted to identify relevant studies published up to June 2023. Studies were screened for eligibility. Those that included an FES cycling intervention, an outcome measure of spasticity, and were available in full-text English were included. Two independent reviewers extracted the data and appraised the literature via the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool (CCAT). Results: Of the 1782 studies identified, 16 satisfied the criteria for this review. Two-hundred and three participants were included, aged 7 to 80 years old. Ten studies identified a reduction in spasticity following FES cycling via objective or subjective outcome measures. Methodological quality was variable, with CCAT scores ranging from 19/40 (48%) to 35/40 (88%). National Health and Medical Research Council hierarchy levels ranged from II to IV. Conclusion: Evidence for the effectiveness of FES cycling to reduce muscle spasticity remains inconclusive. Long-term effects on spasticity were evident in moderate- to high-quality studies where FES cycling was conducted for 60 minutes, three times per week for 16 weeks. Additional research with larger sample sizes is warranted to confirm these findings. Further clarification of the optimal parameters of FES frequency, amplitude, and pulse width to reduce spasticity is required.

Safety evaluations for transtympanic laser stimulation of the cochlea in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)

Infrared laser stimulation of the cochlea has been proposed as a possible alternative to conventional auditory prostheses. Whereas previous studies have focused primarily on the short-term effects of laser stimulation, the practical application of this technics requires an investigation into whether prolonged laser exposure can induce neural responses and safely. This study assessed the effect of laser-induced damage to the cochlea on auditory perception using Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) trained with a classical conditioning task. The broadband noise was presented as a conditioned stimulus, and reward licking was recorded as a conditioned response. After training, the subject's cochlea was exposed to a continuous pulsed laser for 15h. Broadband noise of various intensities was presented without pairing it with water before and after laser exposure to assess the decrease in auditory perception due to laser-induced injury. The licking rate did not change after laser exposure of 6.6W/cm2 or weaker but drastically decreased after 26.4W/cm2 or higher. These findings showed, for the first time, that the safety margin of long-term, at least several hours, cochlear laser stimulation exists and will contribute to the appropriate delimitation of the safe and effective laser stimulation parameters in future research.

Sonic restoration: acoustic stimulation enhances plant growth-promoting fungi activity.

Ecosystem restoration interventions often utilize visible elements to restore an ecosystem (e.g. replanting native plant communities and reintroducing lost species). However, using acoustic stimulation to help restore ecosystems and promote plant growth has received little attention. Our study aimed to assess the effect of acoustic stimulation on the growth rate and sporulation of the plant growth-promoting fungus Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, 1969. We played a monotone acoustic stimulus (80 dB sound pressure level (SPL) at a peak frequency of 8 kHz and a bandwidth at -10 dB from the peak of 6819 Hz-parameters determined via review and pilot research) over 5 days to T. harzianum to assess whether acoustic stimulation affected the growth rate and sporulation of this fungus (control samples received only ambient sound stimulation less than 30 dB). We show that the acoustic stimulation treatments resulted in increased fungal biomass and enhanced T. harzianum conidia (spore) activity compared to controls. These results indicate that acoustic stimulation influences plant growth-promoting fungal growth and potentially facilitates their functioning (e.g. stimulating sporulation). The mechanism responsible for this phenomenon may be fungal mechanoreceptor stimulation and/or potentially a piezoelectric effect; however, further research is required to confirm this hypothesis. Our novel study highlights the potential of acoustic stimulation to alter important fungal attributes, which could, with further development, be harnessed to aid ecosystem restoration and sustainable agriculture.

Comparison of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self Report in assessing the antidepressant effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Sensitivity to change

BackgroundThe PHQ-9 and QIDS-SR are widely used assessment tools but have not been compared in sensitivity to the antidepressant effects of TMS. MethodsThe PHQ-9 and QIDS-SR were administered to 578 patients with MDD treated at a large TMS practice in Southern California. At baseline patients scored ≥10 on both instruments and received ≥36 TMS sessions (Mn= 38.9, SD=5.3). Response was defined on each scale as ≥50% reduction in scores and remission as a post-TMS score ≤5. ResultsBaseline symptom severity was greater on the PHQ-9 (Mn=19.1, SD=4.2) than QIDS-SR (Mn=18.2, SD=3.7), P<0.0001. Both the change in scores from baseline to post-TMS [PHQ-9 (Mn=10.1, SD=6.8); QIDS-SR (Mn=8.4, SD=5.9), P<0.0001] and percent change [PHQ-9 (Mn=52.1%, SD=33.5); QIDS-SR (Mn=45.4%, SD=30.2), P<0.0001] were greater for the PHQ-9 than the QIDS. The remission rate was 10% greater with the PHQ-9 than QIDS-SR (37.5% vs. 27.9%), P<0.0001, while the nonresponse rate was greater on the QIDS-SR (49.7% vs. 42.9%), P<0.0001. Effect sizes for differences in effectiveness among 3 TMS protocols were greater for the PHQ-9 than QIDS-SR. The PHQ-9 also showed greater internal consistency and higher loadings on a single depression severity factor. LimitationsThese are real world data, and the order of scale administration was unconstrained. ConclusionsThe PHQ-9 and QIDS-SR were highly correlated at baseline and following TMS. Nonetheless, the PHQ-9 was more sensitive to symptom change and appeared to assess more consistently a single dimension of depression severity.

29 - The Effect of Peroneal Nerve Stimulation on Bladder Function in a Rat Model of

29 - The Effect of Peroneal Nerve Stimulation on Bladder Function in a Rat Model of

Anti-inflammatory Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation Are Mediated by the Notch Signaling Pathway during Sepsis-Associated AKI

Anti-inflammatory Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation Are Mediated by the Notch Signaling Pathway during Sepsis-Associated AKI

Effects Of Repetitive Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation(tDCS) On Anti-fatigue Ability During High-intensity Jumping Exercise

Effects Of Repetitive Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation(tDCS) On Anti-fatigue Ability During High-intensity Jumping Exercise