Effect Of Sterilization Methods Research Articles

Effects of sterilization methods and plant growth regulators on in vitro regeneration and tuberization in Gloriosa superba (L.)

Effects of sterilization methods and plant growth regulators on in vitro regeneration and tuberization in Gloriosa superba (L.)

Effect of Sterilization Methods on Electrospun Scaffolds Produced from Blend of Polyurethane with Gelatin

Fibrous polyurethane-based scaffolds have proven to be promising materials for the tissue engineering of implanted medical devices. Sterilization of such materials and medical devices is an absolutely essential step toward their medical application. In the presented work, we studied the effects of two sterilization methods (ethylene oxide treatment and electron beam irradiation) on the fibrous scaffolds produced from a polyurethane-gelatin blend. Scaffold structure and properties were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), a stress-loading test, and a cell viability test with human fibroblasts. Treatment of fibrous polyurethane-based materials with ethylene oxide caused significant changes in their structure (formation of glued-like structures, increase in fiber diameter, and decrease in pore size) and mechanical properties (20% growth of the tensile strength, 30% decline of the maximal elongation). All sterilization procedures did not induce any cytotoxic effects or impede the biocompatibility of scaffolds. The obtained data determined electron beam irradiation to be a recommended sterilization method for electrospun medical devices made from polyurethane-gelatin blends.

Effects of sterilization methods on gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel properties and macrophage gene expression in vitro

To assure the long-term safety and functional performance after implantation, it is of critical importance to completely sterilize a biomaterial implant. Ineffective sterilization can cause severe inflammation and infection at the implant site, leading to detrimental events of morbidity and even mortality. Macrophages are pivotal players in the inflammatory and foreign body response after implanting a biomaterial in the body. However, the relationship between the sterilization procedure and macrophage response has not been established. In this study, three commonly used sterilization methods, including autoclaving, ethylene oxide gas and ethanol treatment, were used to sterilize a gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel. The impacts of different sterilization methods on the structure and physical properties of the hydrogel were compared. Macrophage responses to the sterilized hydrogel were analyzed based on their morphology, viability and in vitro gene expression. It was found that the sterilization methods only marginally altered the hydrogel morphology, swelling behavior and elastic modulus, but significantly impacted macrophage gene expression within 48 h and over 7 d in vitro. Therefore, when selecting sterilization methods for GelMA hydrogel, not only the sterility and hydrogel properties, such as material destruction and degradation caused by temperature and moisture, should be taken into consideration, but also the cellular responses to the sterilized material which could be substantially different.

Effects of sterilization methods on the survival of pathogenic bacteria in potting soil stored at various temperatures

Fresh food products can be contaminated with pathogenic bacteria in various agricultural environments. Potting soil is sterilized by heat sterilization and then reused. This study evaluated the effects of three sterilization methods (non-sterilized, pasteurized, and sterilized) on the survival of pathogenic bacteria in potting soil during storage for 60 days at 5, 15, 25, and 35 °C. The reduction in Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus in potting soil was higher at higher temperatures (25 and 35 °C) than at lower temperatures (5 and 15 °C). The population of pathogenic bacteria in pasteurized and sterilized potting soil was reduced below the detectable levels within 30 days at 35 °C. In contrast, the population of Bacillus cereus did not change in potting soil during storage for 60 days at all temperatures. These results indicate that sterilization and storage temperature of potting soil are critical factors influencing the survival of pathogenic bacteria.

Effects of Sterilization Methods on Different 3D Printable Materials for Templates of Physician-Modified Aortic Stent Grafts Used in Vascular Surgery-A Preliminary Study.

Three-dimensionally-printed aortic templates are increasingly being used to aid in the modification of stent grafts in the treatment of urgent, complex aortic disorders, often of an emergency nature. The direct contact between the aortic template and the stent graft implies the necessity of complete sterility. Currently, the efficacy of sterilizing aortic templates and the effect of sterilization on the geometry of tubular aortic models are unknown. A complex case of aortic arch dissection was selected to prepare a 3D-printed aortic arch template, which was then manufactured in six popular printing materials: polylactic acid (PLA), nylon, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), and a rigid and flexible photopolymer resin using fused deposition modeling (FDM) and stereolithography (SLA). The 3D models were contaminated with Geobacillus stearothermophilus broth and Bacillus atrophaeus. The sterilization was performed using three different methods: heat (105 °C and 121 °C), hydrogen peroxide plasma, and ethylene oxide gas. Before and after sterilization, the aortic templates were scanned using computed tomography to detect any changes in their morphology by comparing the dimensions. All sterilization methods were effective in the elimination of microorganisms. Steam sterilization in an autoclave at 121 °C caused significant deformation of the aortic templates made of PLA, PETG, and PP. The other materials had stable geometries, and changes during mesh comparisons were found to be submillimeter. Similarly, plasma, gas, and heat at 105 °C did not change the shapes of aortic templates observed macroscopically and using mesh analysis. All mean geometry differences were smaller than 0.5 mm. All sterilization protocols tested in our study were equally effective in destroying microorganisms; however, differences occurred in the ability to induce 3D object deformation. Sterilization at high temperatures deformed aortic templates composed of PLA, PETG, and PP. This method was suitable for nylon, flexible, and rigid resin-based models. Importantly, plasma and gas sterilization were appropriate for all tested printing materials, including PLA, PETG, PP, nylon, flexible and rigid resins. Moreover, sterilization of all the printed models using our novel protocol for steam autoclaving at 105 °C was also 100% effective, which could represent a significant advantage for health centers, which can therefore use one of the most popular and cheap methods of medical equipment disinfection for the sterilization of 3D models as well.

Effect of sterilization methods on the flavor of cold brew coffee

This research used ultra-fast E-nose, E-tongue and SCA analysis to explore the effects of different sterilization methods (pasteurization, back pressure sterilization, high temperature short-term sterilization, membrane filtration treatment and high pressure processing) on cold brew coffee. The results showed that non-heat sterilization can better maintain the sensory quality of coffee liquid. Back pressure sterilization could reduce the pH value of coffee liquid to 4.65, and decrease the aroma content significantly by 50.5% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), while the sourness and bitterness of coffee samples increased, which lowered the sensory quality of coffee. Among the heat sterilization treatments, high temperature short-term sterilization had relatively little effect on the sensory quality of the coffee beverage, and decreased the bitterness of the coffee. Taking sensory quality, nutrients and cost into consideration, it is suggested that high temperature short time sterilization is a prefered method. Thus, the results of this research provided a theoretical basis for the selection of sterilization method for cold brew coffee.

Effects of Sterilization Methods on the Integrity and Functionality of Covalent Mucin Coatings on Medical Devices

AbstractRecent advances in the field of biomedical materials have demonstrated that covalent mucin coatings generated on polymeric materials have the potential to greatly improve the surface properties of medical devices such as their wettability, lubricity, and resistance toward biofouling. For such biopolymer‐based coatings to be used in a medical application, sterilization of the coated devices is mandatory. However, common sterilization methods such as autoclavation, ethylene oxide fumigation, as well as γ‐ or ultraviolet‐irradiation, create harsh conditions during the device treatment, and this might compromise the structural integrity and thus functionality of macromolecular coatings. Here, it is demonstrated that covalent mucin coatings generated on medical devices made from polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, or polydimethylsiloxane are able to withstand such treatments—albeit to different extents. Among all treatments tested, ethylene oxide fumigation is identified as the most promising method as it maintains the coatings the best. The findings imply that the beneficial properties demonstrated for mucin coatings in vitro should indeed be transferable to applications in vivo.

Дәрілік өсімдіктер Origanum vulgare L. және Salvia officinalis L. тұқымдарының in vitro жағдайындағы өнгіштігі

The problem of biodiversity conservation and rational use of natural resources remains one of the most pressing problems for countries around the world. To maintain the stability of biological resources a sufficiently developed basis for their reproduction is required, which, in turn requires a preliminary study of the developmental features of individual organisms both in the natural environment and during their introduction into the cultural environment. A special place among the spice plants is occupied by the Lamiaceae Lindl. family. It is rich in medicinal and essential oil plants, which are widely used in family medicine, as well as in folk medicine and food industry, perfumery and cosmetic industries. Such plants include Origanum vulgare and Salvia officinalis. In addition, both plant species are added as phytobiotics to animal feed. The article deals with sterilization of seeds of medicinal plants Origanum vulgare L. and Salvia officinalis L. and the effect of sterilization methods on seed germination. For in vitro cultivation an aseptic, undamaged pure culture was obtained from the original plant material, and the most optimal method for sterilizing the seeds of these medicinal plants was chosen.

Effect of sterilization methods on the mechanical stability and extracellular matrix constituents of decellularized brain tissues

The cell and matrix content in the central nervous system (CNS) regulates a number of fundamental neural processes and decellularized brain matrices have drawn attention for biomedical applications. However, the effect of sterilization methods on the structural/mechanical stability and cell/matrix contents have yet to be addressed. In this study, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and ethylene oxide (EtO) sterilizations were applied to SDS-decellularized sheep brain cortical slices, then subjected to mechanical test, quantification of DNA and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein contents. The cell and matrix morphology were quantitatively analyzed at light and scanning electron microscopical levels. The optimum parameters for SC-CO2 sterilization were 150 bar, 37 °C and 60 min, which ensured complete sterility along with EtO sterilization unlike UV treatment. Although histomorphometry revealed no significant alterations on cellular nuclear content of decellularized matrices, SC-CO2 entrained with 6% ethanol yielded better results with respect to preservation of ECM proteins.

Effects of sterilization methods on pomegranate juice evaluated by descriptive sensory analysis and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry through partial least‐squares regression

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects of different sterilization methods on the flavor characteristics and volatile compounds of pomegranate (PG) juice. We analyzed three PG samples, namely conventional‐pasteurized, high‐temperature short‐time‐treated, and ultrasonic‐sterilized (US) juice samples. Fresh‐pressed PG (FJ) sample was used as the control. A total of 33 volatile compounds and six sensory attributes (floral, fruity, earthy/musty, sweet, green, and cooked flavor) of PG samples were analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and quantitative descriptive sensory analysis. Results revealed differences in the samples’ sensory profiles. Compared with thermal‐sterilization methods, the low temperature and relatively mild sterilization conditions of US considerably preserved the amount of volatile compounds. Partial least‐squares regression (PLSR) was performed to identify the relationships among sensory attributes, volatile compounds, and sterilization methods. Results showed that limonene, linalool, hexanal, and 6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐one contributed greatly to the key aroma of FJ and US. Meanwhile, p‐Cymene, (E)‐2‐nonenal, naphthalene, and benzothiazole were significantly correlated with the cooked flavor after thermal sterilization. PLSR further confirmed that compared with thermal‐sterilization methods, US may be more beneficial in preserving the volatile compound amount and sensory profiles of PG juice.

Overview of sterilization methods for UHMWPE through surface analysis

A comprehensive study on the effects of sterilization methods on UHMWPE is reported, highlighting surface properties and biological outcomes.

Effect of sterilization methods on electrospun cellulose acetate butyrate nanofibers for SH-SY5Y cultivation

In the biomedical field, the sterilization of nanofibers is of particular importance because it can significantly affect their morphology, physicochemical properties and cytocompatibility. Here, we studied the effect of conventional sterilization with 70% ethanol or ultraviolet (UV) radiation on cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) nanofibers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that short-term (30 min) UV sterilization had no influence on nanofiber morphology while 70% ethanol led to swelling and, thus, reduced porosity. Water contact angle (WCA) measurements confirmed an increase in wettability after sterilization with ethanol. Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and electrokinetic analyses indicated only slight changes in the chemical composition of the CAB nanofibers for both sterilization types. However, longer sterilization time (2 h) led to notable changes in the chemical structure of the scaffolds. In turn, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed changes in the chemical composition, even after short-term sterilization. In combination with FTIR and XPS, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) identified the hydrolysis of the ethanol-sterilized scaffold and degradation of UV-sterilized one. Human neuroblastoma cell (SH-SY5Y) cultivation on the CAB scaffolds demonstrated significant changes in cell morphology and viability depending on sterilization type. Sterilization of CAB with 70% ethanol was preferable for SH-SY5Y attachment, growth and migration.

The Effect of Sterilization Methods of Endoscopic Instruments on the Body: A Study on Rat Model

ABSTRACTPurpose: Laparoscopy is widely used in many surgical areas for diagnosis and treatment. The need for sterilization of reusable instruments is an important issue. Ensuring patient safety, preventing infection, and protecting the functionality of the instruments are the most important points to be considered. We aimed to investigate two sterilization methods and their effects generated by their distribution into intra-abdominal tissues during insufflation. Materials and Methods: 21 rats were used in the study. The Control Group (Group 1) received anesthesia for 1 hour; Group 2 (Glutaraldehyde (GA)-Pneumoperitoneum Group) received anesthesia for 1 hour; Group 3 (Ethylene Oxide (EO)-Pneumoperitoneum Group) received anesthesia for 1 hour. After 24 hours, the animals were sacrificed, and the kidneys and omentum of the animals were analyzed in a histopathological manner. Blood samples were analyzed at preoperative 24th hour and at postoperative 24th hour. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in omentum, endothelium, and glomerular scores between the groups (p < 0.001 for all groups). Endothelial and glomerular scores were different at a statistically significant level in the EO and GA groups compared to the Control Group. The total score was higher at a statistically significant level in the EO and GA groups compared to the Control Group (p < 0.001 for both groups). Conclusion: It was determined in our study that sterilization methods such as EO and GA cause damage in intra-abdominal tissues. In the light of these results, we consider that the most ideal laparoscopic surgery set is the single-use laparoscopy set. However, this does not seem possible especially in developing countries in practice.

Impact of Sterilization Method on Protein Aggregation and Particle Formation in Polymer-Based Syringes

The effects of sterilization methods on the storage stability of erythropoietin (EPO) in polymer-based syringes were assessed by quantifying protein oxidation, aggregation, and particle formation. Micro-particle counting and size exclusion chromatography coupled with a multi-angle light scattering detector demonstrated much lower levels of protein particles and aggregates for EPO stored for 12 weeks in steam-sterilized than in radiation (Rad)-sterilized syringes. Intermediate levels of damage were observed for EPO stored in ethylene oxide-sterilized syringes. HPLC analysis documented that the Rad-sterilized syringes caused increased oxidation of the protein during storage. In contrast, in the steam- and ethylene oxide-sterilized syringes EPO oxidation did not change. Analysis with electron spin resonance revealed that only Rad-sterilized syringes formed radicals in the syringe body, which persisted over the 12-week storage period. These results demonstrated that Rad-sterilization generated radicals in the syringes which in turn caused increased EPO oxidation, particle formation, and protein aggregation. Therefore, steam sterilization was shown to be a preferable sterilization method for the polymer-based syringe system when using biopharmaceutical drugs highly sensitive to oxidation, and particle formation and aggregation.

The Effect of Sterilization Methods on the Structural and Chemical Properties of Fibrin Microthread Scaffolds.

A challenge for the design of scaffolds in tissue engineering is to determine a terminal sterilization method that will retain the structural and biochemical properties of the materials. Since commonly used heat and ionizing energy-based sterilization methods have been shown to alter the material properties of protein-based scaffolds, the effects of ethanol and ethylene oxide (EtO) sterilization on the cellular compatibility and the structural, chemical, and mechanical properties of uncrosslinked, UV crosslinked, or 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) crosslinked fibrin microthreads in neutral (EDCn) or acidic (EDCa) buffers are evaluated. EtO sterilization significantly reduces the tensile strength of uncrosslinked microthreads. Surface chemistry analyses show that EtO sterilization induces alkylation of EDCa microthreads leading to a significant reduction in myoblast attachment. The material properties of EDCn microthreads do not appear to be affected by the sterilization method. These results significantly enhance the understanding of how sterilization or crosslinking techniques affect the material properties of protein scaffolds.

Effect of Sterilization Methods on Electrospun Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Fiber Alignment for Biomedical Applications.

Medically approved sterility methods should be a major concern when developing a polymeric scaffold, mainly when commercialization is envisaged. In the present work, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fiber membranes were processed by electrospinning with random and aligned fiber alignment and sterilized under UV, ethylene oxide (EO), and γ-radiation, the most common ones for clinical applications. It was observed that UV light and γ-radiation do not influence fiber morphology or alignment, while electrospun samples treated with EO lead to fiber orientation loss and morphology changing from cylindrical fibers to ribbon-like structures, accompanied to an increase of polymer crystallinity up to 28%. UV light and γ-radiation sterilization methods showed to be less harmful to polymer morphology, without significant changes in polymer thermal and mechanical properties, but a slight increase of polymer wettability was detected, especially for the samples treated with UV radiation. In vitro results indicate that both UV and γ-radiation treatments of PLA membranes allow the adhesion and proliferation of MG 63 osteoblastic cells in a close interaction with the fiber meshes and with a growth pattern highly sensitive to the underlying random or aligned fiber orientation. These results are suggestive of the potential of both γ-radiation sterilized PLA membranes for clinical applications in regenerative medicine, especially those where customized membrane morphology and fiber alignment is an important issue.

Effect of Sterilization methods and Replication in the Microbial community and the Growth of the Soybean plant Glycine max L. in the Gypsum soil

Pots experiment was conducted to study the effect of sterilization methods and resterilization on the microbial community and numbers and the growth of soybean plant characteristics, The results indicated that the effect of sterilization methods and replicated were significant on the number of bacteria and fungi , and on growth characteristics of soybean plant , the number of bacteria and fungi were decrease significantly before and after the sowing by the effect of Autoclave and formalin sterilization in compare with non sterilized treatment , the two time of sterilization cause additional significant decreas , the lowest number recorded at replicated formalin treatment ,The percentage of mycorrhizal infection was decrease significantly by sterilization , the replicated cause additional decrease , the mycorrhizal infection decrease significantly at formalin sterilization in compare with autoclave , the replicated formaline treatment gave the lowest value , this treatment dry soil compare with 1-CFU gm 51 x 10 whichthe number of bacteria and fungi gavefor fungi 510 x 10d for bacteria an 5sterilization treatment which gave 44 x 10 nonrespectively , as well as the mycorrhizal infection percentage of replicated formalin treatment was 20% in compared with 71.60 , 51.66 ,35 and 31.66% for control , Autoclave for one time , Autoclave replicated and formalin fore one time respectively .Also the results showed that sterilization with Autoclave and formalin cause significant decrease in germination percentage, height of soybean plant and the dry weight of shoot and root part in compare with non sterilized treatment , the results indicated that the growth characteristics value of Autoclave treatment was higher than formaline treatment , the formaline replicated treatment gave the lowest value of germination percentage hight plant , shoot and root dry weight .

The effect of gamma radiation sterilization on dental biomaterials

Biomaterials are used in the field of bone and tissue engineering, orthopaedics and dentistry. Dental biomaterials including commercially available biodegradable materials act as physical barriers to help quicker healing while stimulating the regeneration of periodontal tissues, which is defined as Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR). Amongst natural and synthetic biomaterials, collagen and aliphatic polyesters, such as polylactic acid (PLA) and poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) are the most frequently used biomaterials for regenerative therapies due to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. Due to their resorption in the body and interaction with biological systems, the GTR membranes must be sterile and pyrogen free. The sterility and apyrogenicity of the GTR membranes before human use is a regulatory requirement, however the sterilization of biomaterials is challenging due to the physicochemical changes and toxic residues with the commonly used sterilization techniques. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of gamma radiation and ethylene oxide sterilization on dental biomaterials with analytical, microbiological and histological examinations. PLGA-based GTR dental biomaterial is selected as the most gamma stable membrane according to the FTIR, DSC, TGA, and SEM results. This dental membrane was sterilized with ethylene oxide (EtO) and the effect of sterilization method on PLGA-based membrane was also investigated. Animal experiments were carried out to evaluate the regenerative properties and inflammatory responses of gamma and EtO sterilized PLGA-based GTR membrane after implantation. Histological examinations showed that resorption and bone formation of gamma sterilized PLGA-based GTR membrane was completed in 12 weeks without any inflammatory response; while only 60.095 ± 2.019% of new bone formation was observed with EtO sterilized one. Gamma sterilized PLGA membrane had significantly faster (P < 0.05) resorption and bone formation in comparison with EtO sterilization. In conclusion, the PLGA-based biomaterials could be sterilized safely and time- and cost-effectively with validated radiation doses for the tissue engineering applications.

The effect of sterilization methods on electronspun poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) and subsequent adhesion efficiency of mesenchymal stem cells

The sterilization of scaffolds is an essential step for tissue engineering in vitro and, mainly, clinical biomaterial use. However, this process can cause changes in the structure and surface of the scaffolds. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sterilization by ethanol, ultraviolet radiation (UVR) or antimicrobial solution (AMS) on poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) scaffolds produced by the electrospinning technique. The properties of nanofibers and the cellular adhesion of mesenchymal stem cells to the scaffolds were analyzed after the treatments. All methods generated sterile scaffolds but showed some kind of damage to the scaffolds. Ethanol and AMS caused changes in the morphology and scaffold dimensions, which were not observed when using the UVR method. However, UVR caused a greater reduction in polymeric molecular weight, which increased proportionally with exposure time of treatment. Nanofibers sterilized with AMS for 1 h and 2 h showed greater cellular adhesion than the other methods, demonstrating their potential as a method for sterilizing PLGA nanofibers.

Effects of sterilization methods on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of silk fibroin membranes

Silk fibroin has been widely explored for many biomedical applications, due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. Sterilization is a fundamental step in biomaterials processing and it must not jeopardize the functionality of medical devices. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of different sterilization methods in the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of dense and porous silk fibroin membranes. Silk fibroin membranes were treated by several procedures: immersion in 70% ethanol solution, ultraviolet radiation, autoclave, ethylene oxide, and gamma radiation, and were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, tensile strength and in vitro cytotoxicity to Chinese hamster ovary cells. The results indicated that the sterilization methods did not cause perceivable morphological changes in the membranes and the membranes were not toxic to cells. The sterilization methods that used organic solvent or an increased humidity and/or temperature (70% ethanol, autoclave, and ethylene oxide) increased the silk II content in the membranes: the dense membranes became more brittle, while the porous membranes showed increased strength at break. Membranes that underwent sterilization by UV and gamma radiation presented properties similar to the nonsterilized membranes, mainly for tensile strength and FTIR results.