Effect Of Sodium Selenite Research Articles

Selenoprotein-P1 (SEPP1) Expression in Human Proximal Tubule Cells after Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: An In Vitro Model.

Background and Objectives: Selenium deficiency represents a risk factor for the occurrence of severe diseases, such as acute kidney injury (AKI). Recently, selenoprotein-p1 (SEPP1), a selenium transporter, mainly released by the liver, has emerged as a promising plasmatic biomarker of AKI as a consequence of cardio-surgery operations. The aim of the present study was to investigate, on an in vitro model of hypoxia induced in renal tubular cells, HK-2, the effects of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) and to evaluate the expression of SEPP1 as a marker of injury. Materials and Methods: HK-2 cells were pre-incubated with 100 nM Na2SeO3 for 24 h, and then, treated for 24 h with CoCl2 (500 µM), a chemical hypoxia inducer. The results were derived from an ROS assay, MTT, and Western blot analysis. Results: The pre-treatment determined an increase in cells' viability and a reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS), as shown by MTT and the ROS assay. Moreover, by Western blot an increase in SEPP1 expression was observed after hypoxic injury as after adding sodium selenite. Conclusions: Our preliminary results shed light on the possible role of selenium supplementation as a means to prevent oxidative damage and to increase SEPP1 after acute kidney injury. In our in vitro model, SEPP1 emerges as a promising biomarker of kidney injury, although further studies in vivo are necessary to validate our findings.

Effects of sodium selenite, yeast selenium, and nano-selenium on toxicity, growth, and selenium bioaccumulation in Lucilia sericata maggots.

In this study, we investigated the effects of different types of selenium (Se) (sodium selenite [SS], yeast selenium [YS], and nano-selenium [NS]) on the toxicity, growth, Se accumulation, and transformation of Lucilia sericata maggots (LSMs). We found that the 50% lethal concentration of LSMs exposed to SS was 2.18 and 1.96 times that of YS and NS, respectively. LSM growth was significantly promoted at exposure concentrations of 10-50mgkg-1 in group SS and 10-30mgkg-1 in group YS, whereas NS inhibited LSMs growth at all concentrations (p < 0.05). Total Se content in LSMs, conversion efficiency to organic and other forms of Se, and bioaccumulation factor of Se were the highest in the SS group when exposed to 50mgkg-1 (81.6mgkg-1, 94.6%, and 1.63, respectively). Transcriptomic results revealed that LSMs significantly upregulated the amino acid (alanine, aspartate, glutamic, and tyrosine) and tricarboxylic acid cycle signaling pathways (p < 0.05) on exposure to Se, resulting in a significant increase in LSMs biomass and quality. In conclusion, our study indicates that LSMs exhibit good tolerance to SS and can convert it into bioorganic or other forms of Se.

Meta-analysis of selenium effects on the meat quality of broilers

The effects of sodium selenite or selenium yeast on the meat quality of broilers were searched in the literature published in the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2022. Meta-analysis was performed with Stata software (StataCorp. 2011), and the standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random effects model. Twenty of the identified 846 literature sources, which included 791 broilers, were screened. The meat quality indices considered were shear force, drip loss, cooking loss, water holding capacity (WHC), pH, and color. The source of heterogeneity was studied using sensitivity and subgroup analyses, and publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots. The results showed that the supplementation of selenium in the broiler diet significantly reduced the shear force (SMD = -0.67, 95% CI [-1.12, -0.22], P < 0.05) and drip loss (SMD = -0.84, 95% CI [-1.39, -0.30], P < 0.05) and increased the pH (SMD = 0.38, 95% CI [0.01, 0.75], P < 0.05) of broiler breast muscle; however, it had no significant effects on other indices. Funnel plots revealed a slight publication bias in the shear force and pH of breast muscle but none in the drip loss of breast muscle. The sensitivity analysis showed that the results were stable and reliable. In conclusion, selenium supplementation in broiler feed can improve some indices of broiler meat quality, and its inclusion in broiler diets is recommended, in conjunction with other minerals, which is of great significance to improve the quality, preservation time and economic benefits of chicken products.

Effects of sodium selenite, cysteamine, bacterially synthesized Se-NPs, and cysteamine loaded on Se-NPs on ram sperm cryopreservation

During the cryopreservation of sperm, the production of highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) can reduce their viability and fertility. However, the addition of antioxidants can help reduce the harmful effects of ROS. One such antioxidant is selenium, which is a co-factor of the glutathione peroxidase enzyme that is effective in scavenging ROS. Cysteamine can also take part in the structure of this enzyme. The use of nanoparticles can be less toxic to cells than their salt form. To this end, researchers synthesized Se-NPs using the streptococcus bacteria and loaded cysteamine onto the synthesized Se-NPs. The biosynthesis of Se-NPs and cysteamine loaded on Se-NPs was confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (EDX), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM). For cryopreservation, ram semen samples were diluted, and different concentrations (0, 1, 5, 25, and 125 µg/mL) of cysteamine, Se-NPs, cysteamine loaded on Se-NPs, and sodium selenite were added. An extender containing no supplement was considered as control group. After cooling the semen samples, they were frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen for evaluation. The samples were thawed and analyzed for mobility, viability, membrane and DNA integrity, and sperm abnormalities, as well as malondialdehyde level (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The data was processed using SPSS, and a significance level of p < 0.05 was considered. The results of this experiment showed that adding 1 μg/mL of cysteamine loaded on Se-NPs to the diluent significantly increased the motility, viability, and membrane integrity and SOD of spermatozoa compared to the other treatment groups and control group, and reduced the abnormality, apoptosis, and MDA level of spermatozoa in comparison with the other treatment groups and control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of cysteamine loaded on Se-NPs was found to improve the quality of ram sperm after cryopreservation.

Effects of Sodium Selenite on the Rhizosphere Environment, Growth, and Physiological Traits of Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

Soil selenium (Se) speciation characteristics and their influence on the Se enrichment pattern and physiological characteristics of oilseed rape are poorly understood. We investigated dynamic changes in rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties, Se uptake and partitioning, biomass, and physiological indices in oilseed rape under five exogenous Se condition levels (0, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mg kg−1 Se in sodium selenite) using soil cultivation experiments. The rhizosphere pH and dissolved organic carbon in the soil solution were higher than those of the non-rhizosphere soil solution. The total Se, water-soluble Se, exchangeable Se, and organic Se contents in soils, as well as rapeseed root/leaf Se contents, significantly increased with increasing exogenous Se. Under 2.5 mg kg−1 Se, the biomass of rapeseed roots and leaves increased at the sixth week (82% and 58%) and eighth week (48% and 32%), respectively, reaching the highest level. Applications of 5.0 mg kg−1 Se at 6 and 8 weeks significantly increased the glutathione peroxidase activity (49%/82%), and decreased malondialdehyde content (23%/39%). Canonical correlation and ridge regression analyses showed that Se in the rapeseed roots/leaves significantly and positively correlated with water-soluble Se, exchangeable Se, and organic Se in rhizosphere soil. Overall, moderate-concentration Se soil application benefited oilseed rape growth (optimum = 2.5 mg kg−1 Se). Our findings reveal the response of oilseed rape to soil Se application based on plant growth and physiological traits, rhizospheric soil solution properties, and Se speciation transformation.

Deneysel siklofosfamid toksikasyonunda sodyum selenit’in karaciğer ve böbrekte metallotiyonin ekspresyonu üzerine etkisinin araştırılması

In this study, the effect of sodium selenite (SS) on metallothionine expression in liver and kidney tissues of rats administered cyclophosphamide (CP) at high dose intraperitoneally (i.p.) was investigated. In the study, a total of 24 Wistar Albino female rats with a weight of 200±10 g were used in 4 groups. Grouping in the study: Group I (Control group; daily 1 mL serum physiologique given as ip), Group II (CP group; 200 mg/kg/day CP administered as ip for 1 day), Group III (SS Group; 1 day ip 1 mg/kg/day SS was given as a treatment), Group IV (CP Group + SS Group; 200 mg/kg/day CP and 1 mg/kg/day SS was given as ip for 1 day) by forming 4 different groups. The effect of histopathological findings was found to be significantly lower in the group in which CP was given at high doses and SS was applied at the same time, compared to the group in which only CP was applied. When immunohistochemical findings related to MTs of liver and kidney tissues in this group were compared with histopathological findings, similar results were observed in terms of evaluation results. The study was concluded to be important in terms of animal and human health because SS is well tolerated in the organism and has no side effects at the appropriate dose.

Effects of the fermentation process on the selenite metabolism and selenium incorporation and speciation in a probiotic Bifidobacterium longum.

The influence of the fermentation process on selenite metabolism by a probiotic Bifidobacterium longum DD98 (B. longum DD98), and its consequent enrichment in selenium (Se) were studied. The effects of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) concentration (18-400 μg/mL), feeding time (12, 16, and 24 h), and fermentation stage (secondary and tertiary fermentation) were evaluated by measuring i) the total Se content and its distribution between the water-soluble metabolome fraction and the water-insoluble fraction; ii) the total concentrations of the two principal Se-compounds produced: selenomethionine (SeMet) and γ-glutamyl-selenomethionine (γ-Glu-SeMet), and iii) the speciation of Se in the metabolite fraction. The results revealed that the fermentation process notably changed the Se incorporation into metabolites (γ-Glu-SeMet and free SeMet) and proteins (bound-SeMet) in B. longum DD98. In particular, the production of SeMet was negatively correlated to that of γ-Glu-SeMet when no red precipitate was seen in the bacteria. The study offers a tool for the control of the optimization of the fermentation process towards the desired molecular speciation of the incorporated Se and hence contributes to the production of Se-enriched probiotics with good qualities and bioactivities.

Effect of sodium selenite on sub-acute paraquat-induced toxicity in male rats

Acute paraquat (PQ) toxicity induces redox cycling leading to fatality in both man and animals with clinical management being supportive therapy due to lack of specific and effective antidote. This study thus aimed at determining the sero-biochemical and pathological changes induced by acute PQ administration in male rats and the mitigating role of sodium selenite. Forty male rats were used for the study and were grouped into 5 of eight rats viz: Group I (control) administered distilled water (2 ml/kg), group II (15 mg/kg of PQ), group III (15 mg/kg of PQ + 0.3 mg/kg sodium selenite), group IV (30 mg/kg of PQ) and group V (30 mg/kg of PQ + 0.3 mg/kg sodium selenite). Administration were achieved per os and lasted for a week. Sera, lungs, liver and kidney samples were harvested at the end of the experiment. Result showed a significant (p &lt; 0.05) higher liver enzymes, urea and creatinine in treated groups when compared to control. Biomarkers of oxidative stress revealed a significant (p &lt; 0.05) increased superoxide dismutase and malondealdehyde activities of the lungs and liver. A dose-dependent pathologic lesion was also observed with milder lesions in selenium supplemented groups. The results demonstrate that selenium supplementation may be a promising therapy and should further be clinically validated.

Regulation of sodium selenite on follicular helper T cells in mice with acute ulcerative colitis

<p indent="0mm">The immune regulation effect of trace element selenium on inflammatory bowel diseases has always been the focus of research. In this study, the effects of sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃) on different subsets of innate immune cells, adaptive immune B cells, cytotoxic T cells and T helper (T_H) cells, including T_H1 and T_H2, were observed by intragastric administration of Na₂SeO₃. The regulatory effects of regulatory T cells and follicular helper T (T_FH) cells on functional differentiation were investigated, and the regulation of Na₂SeO₃ on T_FH cell differentiation was examined <italic>in vitro</italic>. These data showed that selenium supplementation by sodium selenite could aggravate acute colitis and promote the infiltration of T_FH cells in local and colon-associated lymphoid tissues and the secretion of B cell immunoglobulin A. These provide a basis for studying the immunoregulatory effect of selenium on intestinal inflammatory diseases and also provide experimental data for using selenium in clinical prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.

Effect of different concentrations of sodium selenite on anaerobic digestion of waste sewage sludge

The effect of sodium selenite on anaerobic digestion of waste sewage sludge (WSS) was studied. Interestingly, methane production was enhanced at 2 mg/L and inhibited at 100 mg/L of sodium selenite during the anaerobic digestion of WSS. Hydrolytic activity increased in correlation with increased concentrations of sodium selenite (0 to 100 mg/L). At the acidogenesis stage, acetic acid accumulated at the concentrations more than 25 mg/L of sodium selenite whereas it was consumed for 10 days at the concentration of 2 mg/L of sodium selenite. Also, the concentration of propionic acid decreased and that of butyric acid increased at 100 mg/L of sodium selenite. Although methanogenic activities were totally inhibited at 100 mg/L of sodium selenite, a high hydrogenotrophic methanogenic activity was observed at 2 mg/L of sodium selenite. The abundance of hydrogenotrophic methanogens ( Methanospirillum and Methanocorpusculum ) increased in the WSS at 2 mg/L of sodium selenite. Moreover, the results of pure-culture experiments using Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A show that the growth promotion or inhibition was observed at 2 mg/L or at 100 mg/L of sodium selenite. In conclusion, sodium selenite has the double-sided effect during the anaerobic digestion of WSS as shown by the results that methane production was promoted at a low concentration and inhibited at a high concentration. • Sodium selenite affects methane production through the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge. • Methanogenic activities were totally inhibited at 100 mg/L of sodium selenite. • Sodium selenite at 2 mg/L enhanced the activity of hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. • The growth of Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A was promoted at 2 mg/L and inhibited at 100 mg/L of sodium selenite.

Correlations between Sodium Selenite and Vitamin E with Serum Macro-Minerals in Male Lambs

Abstract The effects of selenium and vitamin E (Vit. E) were evaluated on the macro-elements and their relationships were also surveyed. Lambs were divided into 4 groups of control, Vit. E, sodium selenite and sodium selenite/Vit. E (Se/E). Sodium selenite (0.1 mg.kg−1) and Vit. E (8 mg.kg−1) were administered. The mean blood selenium was high in sodium selenite. Selenium only in the Se groups was continuously increased. The lowest and highest blood selenium were in Vit. E and sodium selenite, respectively. The mean serum macro-minerals were within the normal range. The trend of calcium and magnesium in the selenium groups was to increase until day 60, but phosphorus was to decline. The lowest and highest calcium were observed in the control and sodium selenite groups, for magnesium in Vit. E and control groups, and for inorganic phosphorus were in the control group, respectively. The comparison of minerals showed that selenium had a significant increase from day 14 to 90 in sodium selenite. Selenium showed the most positive relationships with calcium and inorganic phosphorus in Vit. E and sodium selenite. Overall, selenium was correlated with macro-minerals on day 90 and overall sampling times were with calcium. In conclusion, administration of selenium with Vit. E increased selenium, which was more observed in the sodium selenite group. Sodium selenite alone or with Vit. E had no effect on the macro-minerals. The least correlation was observed between selenium and macro-minerals in the Se/E administration. The correlation between macro-minerals was positive. It was concluded that the effect of sodium selenite on treatment and prevention of selenium deficiency was more effective than other groups. Vit. E per selenium did not change the selenium concentration. Selenium administration was associated with an increase in calcium level and their co-administration is recommended.

Effects of sodium selenite, selenium methionine, and selenium yeast on growth performance, carcass composition, blood biochemistry, and antioxidant status of intensively reared Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

The current study aimed to assess the effects of various selenium(Se) sources on the growth performance, blood biochemistry, and antioxidant status of intensively reared silver carp. For this, (N = 420) fingerlings with an average body weight of 13 ± 1.5 g were randomized into 21 aquariums (20 fish/100 L aquaria) and was subjected to one of the seven dietary treatments under completely randomized design. The dietary treatments were control(C), with 0.5 mg/kg sodium selenite(N-0.5), 1 mg/kg sodium selenite(N-1), 0.5 mg/kg Se methionine(M-0.5), 1 mg/kg Se methionine(M-1), 0.5 mg/kg Se yeast(Y-0.5), and 1 mg/kg Se yeast(Y-1). The experiment was of two-weeks of fish acclimatization to ponds followed by 12-weeks of feeding trial. The source of Se influenced the growth performance and the group M-0.5supplemented diet achieved the highest(P < 0.05) final body weight (BW), final length, BW gain, and specific growth rate than others. The selenium concentration of liver, kidney, and muscle was significantly higher(P < 0.05) in methionine fed groups compared to others. However, concentrations of Se in liver, kidney and muscle were similar (P > 0.05) in fish supplemented with M-0.5 and M-1. The dry matter, fat, ash and protein contents of the fish meat were similar (P > 0.05) in all. The WBCs, HGB, HCT, and MCHC were higher (P < 0.05) in the M-0.5 supplemented group than the rest of the treatment groups. Similarly, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were also higher (P < 0.05) in the M-0.5 supplemented group compared with others. However, TBARS for liver and serum were not influenced (P > 0.05) by Se supplementation. Similarly, levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase enzymes in the fish whole body, muscle, and liver were also remained unchanged (P > 0.05). From the findings, we can conclude that Se methionine is the best source, and 0.5 mg/kg dietary supplementation improved the growth performance, organs enrichment, and antioxidant status of silver carp.

Effects of Sodium Selenite and Dithiothreitol on Expression of Endoplasmic Reticulum Selenoproteins and Apoptosis Markers in MSF7 Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells

Effects of Sodium Selenite and Dithiothreitol on Expression of Endoplasmic Reticulum Selenoproteins and Apoptosis Markers in MSF7 Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells

Effect of Sodium Selenite on the Metabolite Profile of Epichloë sp. Mycelia from Festuca sinensis in Solid Culture

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient with many beneficial effects for humans and other living organisms. Numerous microorganisms in culture systems enrich and convert inorganic selenium to organic selenium. In this study, Epichloë sp. from Festuca sinensis was exposed to increasing Na2SeO3 concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mmol/L) in Petri dishes with potato dextrose agar (PDA) for 8 weeks. Epichloë sp. mycelia were immediately collected after mycelial diameters were measured at 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 weeks of cultivation, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis was performed on different groups of Epichloë sp. mycelia. Different changes were observed as Epichloë sp. was exposed to different selenite conditions and cultivation time. The colony diameter of Epichloë sp. decreased in response to increased selenite concentrations, whereas the inhibitory effects diminished over time. Seventy-two of the 203 identified metabolites did not differ significantly across selenite treatments within the same time point, while 82 compounds did not differ significantly between multiple time points of the same Se concentration. However, the relative levels of 122 metabolites increased the most under selenite conditions. Specifically, between the 4th and 8th weeks, there were increases in 2-keto-isovaleric acid, uridine, and maltose in selenite treatments compared to controls. Selenium increased glutathione levels and exhibited antioxidant properties in weeks 4, 5, and 7. Additionally, we observed that different doses of selenite could promote the production of carbohydrates such as isomaltose, cellobiose, and sucrose; fatty acids such as palmitoleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid; and amino acids such as lysine and tyrosine in Epichloë sp. mycelia. Therefore, Epichloë sp. exposed to selenite stress may benefit from increased levels of some metabolite compounds.

Differences in the effects of sodium selenate and sodium selenite on the mortality, reproduction, lipid peroxidation and glutathione redox status of Folsomia candida Willem 1902 (Collembola)

The average selenium content of the soils worldwide is 0.4 mg kg−1; however, the selenium concentration can be much higher in some areas. Selenium is essential to humans and animals, but it can also be a risk based on the narrow gap between the beneficial and toxic concentrations. There is scarce information in the literature on the effects of various inorganic forms of selenium on soil invertebrates, such as collembolans. Consequently, the goal of our study was to determine if selenium has a negative effect on the collembolan species Folsomia candida and to verify if there is a difference between the effects of the two oxidation forms. The effect of sodium selenite and sodium selenate on Folsomia candida was studied in the laboratory by mortality and reproduction tests also by various sub-lethal and biochemical methods. The methods used in our study included a standard OECD test according to the 232 guideline, and we measured the life history parameters such as relative growth, egg production, and egg volume. For the investigation of lipid peroxidation and glutathione redox status, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were measured. Our results showed that up to a concentration of 0.5 mg kg−1 Se in soil, both selenium forms were beneficial for F. candida. For mortality, the LOAEC (lowest observable adverse effect concentration) was 8 mg kg−1 Se in the soil in the experiments according to the OECD 232 test for both selenium forms. In case of juveniles, sodium selenite was much more toxic than sodium selenate. The LOAEC was 0.5 mg kg−1 for sodium selenite and 8 mg kg−1 in the case of sodium selenate. Sub-lethal parameters showed to be potentially more sensitive than the parameters measured in the OECD 232 test in the case of sodium selenate contamination. For instance, both the number of eggs laid and the relative growth showed significant differences compared to the control group in lower concentrations than the juvenile number or mortality. In the groups treated with sodium selenite, the juvenile number was the most sensitive parameter. Based on our results, it can be stated that sodium selenite may be potentially more toxic to collembolans than sodium selenate. Lipid peroxidation was not initiated by selenium exposure. The glutathione redox system also did not activate either, which suggested that selenium toxicity in collembola is not a consequence of selenium-induced oxidative stress.

Effect of Sodium Selenite, Selenium Yeast, and Bacterial Enriched Protein on Chicken Egg Yolk Color, Antioxidant Profiles, and Oxidative Stability.

The chicken egg is one of nature’s flawlessly preserved biological products, recognized as an excellent source of nutrients for humans. Selenium (Se) is an essential micro-element that plays a key role in biological processes. Organic selenium can be produced biologically by the microbial reduction of inorganic Se (sodium selenite). Therefore, the possibility of integrating Se enriched bacteria as a supplement in poultry feed can provide an interesting source of organic Se, thereby offering health-related advantages to humans. In this study, bacterial selenoproteins from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was used as a dietary supplement with other Se sources in Lohman brown Classic laying hens to study the egg yolk color, egg yolk and breast antioxidant profile, oxidative stability, and storage effect for fresh and stored egg yolk at 4 ± 2 °C for 14-days. The results showed that dietary Se supplementation significantly (p < 0.05) improved egg yolk color, the antioxidant profile of egg yolk, and breast meat (total carotenoid and phenol content). When the Se treated groups were compared to control groups, there was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in total cholesterol in fresh and stored egg yolk and breast muscle. In hens that were fed ADS18-Se, the primary oxidation products (MDA) concentrations in the eggs, breast, and thigh muscle, and plasma were significantly (p < 0.05) lower. However, the MDA content increased (p < 0.05) with an extended storage time in egg yolk. In comparison to inorganic Se and basal diets, egg yolk from hens fed organic Se remained fresh for two weeks. The egg yolk color, antioxidant profile, and oxidative status of egg yolk and tissue improve with dietary Se organic supplementation (ADS18 > Se-Yeast). The source of supplemented organic Se is critical for egg enrichment and antioxidant properties. As a result, ‘‘functional eggs’’ enriched with organic Se becomes possible to produce.

РОСТ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПРДУКТИВНОСТЬ РАСТЕНИЙ ПОСЛЕ ОБРАБОТКИ МИКРОЭЛЕМЕНТНЫМ СОСТАВОМ

In laboratory conditions, the effect of sodium selenite and a mixture of sodium selenite and zeolite on the growth and biological productivity of peas was investigated. The soil was examined after harvesting. It was shown that the addition of both sodium selenite and the mixture of sodium selenite with zeolite to the soil with irrigation affects the development of the root system - the length of the main root in the first case increased by 16.5%, the height of the stems 30 days after planting was 29% more in comparison with the control variant, and in the second case, the length of the main root increased by 18.5%, the height of the length of the stems increased by 24% than that of the control. Processing of peas with microelements also caused a stimulation of the reproduction system: an increase in the number of inflorescences by 3 times and the number of beans in 3.4 times compared with the control. A 160-fold decrease in the selenium content and the introduction of zeolite did not cause a large difference in the obtained results (except for the number of beans - with the addition of zeolite, the number of beans increased by 8%). Biochemical indicators of pea biomass showed an increase in dry matter, in sugar content by 28.8%, but a decrease in crude protein by 17.7%, a decrease in carotene by 17.5%, nitrogen by 18% (when irrigated with sodium selenite). When treated pea with sodium selenite and zeolite, the sugar content increased by 85.5%, but it was observed a decrease in crude protein by 9.5%, in crude fat - by 16.5%, a decrease in carotene by 31.2%, a decrease in nitrogen by 9.4%. Analysis of the soil after harvesting showed in the option with the addition of sodium selenite a decrease in the amount of humus by 6.5%, mobile potassium by 18.5%, but an increase in mobile phosphorus by 6.6%, mobile calcium by 2.7%. In the option with the introduction of the mixture of sodium selenite and zeolite, no decrease in humus was observed, the content of mobile potassium decreased by 10.8%, the content of mobile phosphorus increased by 9.8%, mobile calcium by 3.5%. The acidity of the soil has not changed.

Selenyum Uygulamalarının Silajlık Mısırın Verim Parametreleri Üzerine Etkileri

In this study, the effects of sodium selenite and sodium selenate applications on laying, plant appearance, number of worm cobs, random number of plants, plant height, cob/plant ratio, leaf/stem ratio of silage maize plant were investigated. Selenium was applied at eight different levels (0-5-10-15-25- 50-75-100 g Se ha-1). Selenite was applied to the soil in liquid form before planting seeds, and selenate was applied to the leaf when the corn plant was 50-70 cm tall. Selenium applications did not statistically affect lying, plant appearance, worm cob number, randomized plant number and plant height values. Selenite applications affected the cob/plant ratio and leaf/stem ratio values statistically, the interaction of the year X subject was significant. In 2013, there was a statistical difference between the subjects, the highest values were obtained with 52% from 5 g Se ha-1 application, with 45% and 47% from 10 g Se ha-1 and 25 g Se ha-1 applications, respectively. Selenate applications did not affect the cob/plant ratio values statistically, but the leaf/stem ratios were affected, the highest values were obtained with 43% from 100 g Se ha-1 applications. It is known that selenium applications do not affect the yield and other plant properties in plants, but increase the selenium concentration of the grain or plant. However, some studies show that selenium application affects positively the plant as our study. It is thought that the effect of selenium in plant development may vary depending on the type and variety of the plant, many factors increase the selenium activity, especially outside the soil and climatic conditions, the application time, rate and method, the form of selenium and the plant species are effective.

Replacing dietary sodium selenite with a lower level of hydroxy-selenomethionine improves the performance of broiler breeders and their progeny

The aim of this study has been to compare the effect of sodium selenite (SS) or hydroxy-selenometionine (OH-SeMet) on the performance of broiler breeders and their progeny. A total of 216 broiler breeders (AP95 Aviagen; 55-65 weeks old) were assigned to two treatments: a diet supplemented with 0.3 mg Se Se/kg as SS or a diet supplemented with 0.2 mg Se Se/kg as OH-SeMet. A total of 520 mixed progeny chicks were used for a growth trial (41 d), in a completely randomised 2 × 2 factoria design: 2 sources of Se for the breeder diets and two sources of Se for the progeny diets – SS at 0.3 mg Se Se/kg and OH-SeMet at 0.2 mg Se Se/kg. OH-SeMet increased the egg production, the Se content in the egg, eggshell strength and hatchability (p < .05), compared to SS. The high Se deposition in the hatching eggs benefitted the progeny, as reflected by the better feed conversion ratio (p < .05). No significant changes were observed in the feed intake or weight gain, or the interactions between the maternal diets and progeny diets. Overall, supplementation with OH-SeMet at 0.2 mg Se Se/kg has proved to be an effective approach to help maintain the productive and reproductive performances of ageing breeder flocks and to enhance the performance of their progeny. Highlights Replacement of dietary sodium selenite with hydroxy-selenomethionine in the broiler breeder diet increased Se accumulation in the eggs and improved egg production, the Se content in the eggs, eggshell strength and hatchability. The increased Se deposition in the hatching eggs benefitted the progeny, as reflected by the better feed conversion ratio. Supplementation with OH-SeMet at 0.2 mg Se/kg proved to be an effective approach to help maintain the productive and reproductive performances of ageing breeder flocks and to enhance the performance of their progeny.

The solvent and treatment regimen of sodium selenite cause its effects to vary on the radiation response of human bronchial cells from tumour and normal tissues

Sodium selenite is often given to moderate the side effects of cancer therapy to enhance the cellular defence of non-cancerous cells. To determine whether sodium selenite during radiotherapy protects not only normal cells but also cancer cells, which would imply a reduction of the desired effect of irradiation on tumour during radiotherapy, the effect of the combined treatment of irradiation and sodium selenite was investigated. Human bronchial cells from carcinoma (A549) and normal tissue (BEAS-2B) were treated with sodium selenite and effects on growth and in combination with radiation on metabolic activity and cell cycle distribution were studied. The influence on radiosensitivity was determined via colony forming assays using different solvents of sodium selenite and treatment schedules. It was shown that sodium selenite inhibits growth and influences cell cycle distribution of both normal and tumour cells. Metabolic activity of normal cells decreased more rapidly compared to that of cancer cells. The influence of sodium selenite on radiation response depended on the different treatment schedules and was strongly affected by the solvent of the agent. It could be shown that the effect of sodium selenite on radiation response is strongly dependent on the respective experimental in vitro conditions and ranges from lead to an initially suspected but ultimately no real radioprotection to radiosensitizing up to no effect in one and the same cell line. This might be a reason for controversially described cell responses to radiation under the influence of sodium selenite in studies so far.