Effects Of Sodium Pyrophosphate Research Articles

Mitigation of oxidation-induced loss of myofibrillar protein gelling potential by the combination of pyrophosphate and l-lysine

Protein oxidation, a common quality deterioration in muscle foods, could change the physicochemical characteristics and processability of the meat proteins. The present study focused on the effects of sodium pyrophosphate (PP, 1 mM), Lysine (Lys, 5 mM) and their combination (1 mM PP + 5 mM Lys) on the changes in structure and gelling properties of oxidized myofibrillar protein (Ox-MP). Treatment with the additives modified protein structures, reduced the average particle diameter (d3,2 and d4,3), restored the gelling behavior of Ox-MP, and remarkably improved the water holding capacity and breaking strength of heat-induced protein gels. The combination of PP and Lys showed a synergistic effect and resulted in the optimal enhancement of Ox-MP gel properties. Specifically, the set gel exhibited a fine, homogeneous and compact microstructure and a breaking strength 4-fold that of Ox-MP. Therefore, a combination of PP and Lys is recommended for aerated meat processing to maintain or enhance the MP gelling potential.

Study on the Mechanism of Stain Removal by the Effect of Sodium Pyrophosphate

Study on the Mechanism of Stain Removal by the Effect of Sodium Pyrophosphate

Effect of sodium pyrophosphate on the flotation separation of calcite from apatite

In this study, the separation of calcite and apatite was achieved by the depressant sodium pyrophosphate (SPP). Microflotation results showed that when using 20 mg/l sodium oleate (NaOL) as the collector, apatite could be significantly depressed by 120 mg/l SPP, and calcite remained floatable at pH 6.5–9.3. Relatively more Ca2+ was selectively dissolved from the surface of apatite by pyrophosphate, and the dissolution of calcium on the surface of calcite was inhibited. For calcite, the dissolution of Ca2+ decreased first but then increased with increasing SPP dose, and the adsorption amount of SPP illustrated an opposite tendency. With respect to apatite, the dissolution of Ca2+ was similar to that of calcite, but pyrophosphate failed to adsorb onto apatite. The solution chemistry of pyrophosphate at different pH values and in the presence of Ca2+ was discussed. The XPS results revealed that both SPP and NaOL could be adsorbed on the surface of calcite, while NaOL was rarely adsorbed on the surface of apatite. Moreover, the Ca/P ratio of apatite decreased after adding SPP. Zeta potential measurements showed that NaOL could still be adsorbed on the negatively charged calcite surface by chemical adsorption with surface calcium. Regarding apatite, the adsorption of NaOL was hindered by the decrease of active calcium sites and negative surface charge. The differences in polyphosphate concentration and pH should be responsible for the divergent existing theories of the interaction of polyphosphate and calcium minerals.

Production of Biodiesel Fuel by Transesterification of Triglycerides in the Presence of Sodium Pyrophosphate

The possibility of using anhydrous sodium pyrophosphate and its decahydrate in transesterification of triacyl glycerides (with sunflower and rapeseed oils as examples) with methanol to obtain biodiesel fuel was examined. As shown by gas-chromatographic analysis, at the vegetable oil to methanol ratio of 1: 12, temperature of 65°C, reaction time of 2 h, and catalyst concentration of no less than 6 wt %, the maximal yield of methyl esters of fatty acids (biodiesel) was 93 and 69% when using Na4P2O7 and Na4P2O7·10H2O, respectively. The catalytic effect of sodium pyrophosphate in the transesterification of triacyl glycerides was attributed to its methanolysis with the formation of sodium methylate. Water present in sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate causes hydrolysis of the formed sodium methylate; therefore, the yield of methyl esters of fatty acids is lower than with anhydrous pyrophosphate. Anhydrous sodium pyrophosphate can be used repeatedly no less than five times without significant decrease in the yield of methyl esters of fatty acids. Sodium pyrophosphate can be recommended for use in transesterification with other esters and alcohols.

Effect of Sodium Pyrophosphate on the Reverse Flotation of Dolomite from Apatite

In this study, the effect of sodium pyrophosphate (NaPP) on the separation of apatite from dolomite by flotation was systematically investigated. Flotation results revealed that NaPP could selectively depress the flotation of apatite, thus realizing the separation of apatite from dolomite. Further, the selective depression mechanism of NaPP was studied through zeta potential measurements, contact angle measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The results demonstrated that the adsorption of sodium oleate (NaOL) onto apatite surface was depressed by the preferential interaction of NaPP with active Ca sites. For dolomite, while the presence of NaPP hindered the interaction of NaOL with active Ca sites, it appeared to enhance the reactivity with active Mg sites. Thus, the adsorption of NaOL onto dolomite surface was hardly influenced. In this way, the separation of apatite from dolomite was achieved.

Effect of sodium pyrophosphate on the flotation separation of chalcopyrite from galena

The effect of sodium pyrophosphate (SPH) on the separation of chalcopyrite from galena was examined through flotation, adsorption, electrokinetic studies and infrared spectral analysis. Differential flotation tests indicate that satisfactory separation can be achieved within the pH range from 2.5 to 6 using SPH to depress the galena, but not the chalcopyrite when O-isopropyl-N-ethyl thionocarbamate (IPETC) is used as the collector. The electrophoretic mobilities of both the minerals dramatically become negatively charged following SPH adsorption in the pH range from 2.5 to 12. The infrared spectral analysis suggests that chemical adsorption occurs on galena surface treated by SPH, indicating that a chelate complex has formed. At weakly acidic pH values, the adsorption density of IPETC onto galena is significantly reduced in the presence of SPH. However, the amount of IPETC adsorbed onto chalcopyrite almost remains at the same level. Since the observed adsorption density of IEPTC onto chalcopyrite is quite high compared to galena, the observed flotation results are explained. A possible mechanism for the interaction between the two sulphide minerals and SPH is discussed.

スケトウダラ坐り‐加熱ゲルのゲル物性に及ぼすピロリン酸塩の効果

スケトウダラ坐り‐加熱ゲルのゲル物性に及ぼすピロリン酸塩の効果

Evaluation of salt, polyphosphates and their blends at different levels on physicochemical properties of buffalo meat and patties

The effects of sodium pyrophosphate (SPP), sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) and their blends at different levels (0·3, 0·5 and 0·7%), along with 2% sodium chloride on certain quality parameters of buffalo meat and patties were evaluated. The SPP, STPP and phosphate blends significantly increased pH, water-holding capacity (WHC), emulsifying capacity (EC), extractability of salt soluble proteins (SSP), colour of ground meat, decreased cooking loss (CL), improved emulsion stability (ES) and enhanced yield, texture and moisture retention of cooked patties. Compared to these phosphates, SAPP and SHMP had significantly poorer effects on improving the quality of meat and patties. The order of effectiveness of phosphates was SPP > STPP > SHMP. In general, pH, WHC, SSP, ES, yield and moisture content of patties increased progressively with increasing level of phosphate while CL decreased. Among blends containing two polyphosphates, those of 90% SPP + 10% SHMP and 75% SPP + 25% STPP were relatively more effective. A phosphate blend consisting of 65% SPP, 17·5% STPP and 17·5% SAPP was equally effective as that of SPP in improving the functionality of hot and chilled meat and had the advantage of reducing the amount of sodium by 3%.

Effect of sodium pyrophosphate on experimental soft-tissue calcification and hypercalcemia.

Sodium pyrophosphate inhibited the cutaneous calcification induced by various metallic compounds in normal rats and in those treated with dihydrotachysterol (DHT). It also caused a. transient decrease in total serum calcium in normal rats and rats treated with calcium acetate, DHT, and parathyroid extract.

Effect of Sodium Pyrophosphate on Polarization and Corrosion of Tin

Corrosion rates and corrosion potentials have been measured for tin in eight different acid, alkaline, and neutral solutions. The corrosion potential, measured against the saturated calomel electrode, has been found to increase toward more active potentials with increase of concentration. It has been observed that sodium pyrophosphate decreases the corrosion rate and increases the corrosion potential toward more active values. This increase is proportional to the amount of pyrophosphate added. Cathodic and anodic polarization measurements have been carried out in an attempt to explain the function of sodium pyrophosphate as a corrosion inhibitor. The results have been compared with previous work on the inhibition of iron corrosion by polyphosphates.

(273)ピロリン酸ナトリウムの炭酸カルシウムに対する分散作用

(273)ピロリン酸ナトリウムの炭酸カルシウムに対する分散作用