Effect Of Sodium Lignosulfonate Research Articles

Effect of sodium lignosulfonate and propionic acid application rate on dry matter losses, nutritional composition, in vitro gas production, and fungal populations of high moisture alfalfa hay mini bales

This study evaluated the effects of application rate (AR) of sodium lignosulfonate (MBL) and propionic acid (PRP) on high moisture alfalfa hay spoilage during storage and its nutritive value. Treatments (TRT; MBL and PRP) were applied at four AR: 0 (CON), 2.5, 5 and 10 g/kg (fresh basis) to alfalfa hay at 68.5 % dry matter (DM), packed into mini bales and stored for 33 d. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design (5 blocks) with a 2 TRT × 4 AR factorial arrangement. At d 33, DM losses were decreased by PRP at 5 and 10 g/kg (x¯=0.9), vs. CON (6.92) and MBL (6.63 ± 1.13 %). Visual moldiness (0–10 ranking) and mold counts were also decreased by PRP at 5 (2.4 and 5.30) and 10 g/kg (0 and 2.7) relative to CON (6.0 and 7.13) and MBL (5.85 ± 0.67 and 7.21 ± 0.31 log cfu/fresh g, respectively). Both TRT kept aNDF and ADF concentrations low at 2.5 g/kg AR (464 and 319) and to a greater extent at 10 g/kg (442 and 307), relative to CON (494 ± 8.1 and 333 ± 4.71 g/kg DM, respectively; P<0.001). Both TRT increased apparent in vitro DM digestibility at all AR relative to CON (x¯=543 vs. 501 ± 12.0 g/kg of DM, respectively), but, compared to MBL, PRP also increased the asymptotic maximal gas produced (188.4 vs. 179.7 ± 4.82 mL/g of incubated DM), the rate of gas production (9.46 vs. 8.72 ± 0.45 %/h), and total volatile fatty acids (117.5 vs. 114.8 mM, respectively; P<0.035), due to its greater concentration of nutrients. In conclusion, MBL failed to prevent spoilage of high moisture alfalfa hay while PRP was effective at doses >5 g/kg. However, MBL prevented the increase of aNDF and improved in vitro DM digestibility to the same extent as PRP, possibly due to its strong surfactant properties.

Effect of sodium lignosulfonate on bonding strength and chemical structure of a lignosulfonate/chitosan-glutaraldehyde medium-density fiberboard adhesive

Effect of sodium lignosulfonate on bonding strength and chemical structure of a lignosulfonate/chitosan-glutaraldehyde medium-density fiberboard adhesive

α-Cellulose-based films: effect of sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) incorporation on physicochemical and antibacterial performance

A homogeneous α-cellulose film was prepared by a regeneration method from ZnCl2/CaCl2/cellulose mixed system and was further combined with sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) via crosslinking through intermolecular hydrogen bonds and “bridge linkages”. The physicochemical and antibacterial performance of prepared films were investigated and results showed that the modified film exhibited stronger tensile strength, higher thermal stability, lower hydrophilic effect, better UV shielding as compared with the original one, and especially, better antibacterial ability derived from the presence of phenolic hydroxyl and sulfonate groups in SLS. This study proposed a simple and sustainable method for fabricating a multifunctional and environmentally friendly composite film using two main lignocellulose resources as raw materials.

Stabilization of coal-water suspensions

In this paper, the effect of sodium lignosulfonate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose on the stability of a water-coal suspension was studied. As a result, the viscosity of the water-coal suspension was 0.01-0.08 P∙s. The change in dynamic shear rate was considered when adding these plasticizers in different changes. The minimum value of the dynamic shear rate of 13.6 was achieved with the addition of sodium LST plasticizer (SD = 0.1%) in the presence of 40% coal. The influence of alkali on the viscosity of a water-coal suspension was also studied.

Study of sodium lignosulfonate prepare low-rank coal-water slurry: Experiments and simulations

Abstract The effect of sodium lignosulfonate (SL) as additive on the preparation of low-rank coal-water slurry (LCWS) was studied by experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The experimental results show that the appropriate amount of additives is beneficial to reduce the viscosity of LCWS and increase the slurry concentration. Adsorption isotherm studies showed that SL conforms to single-layer adsorption on the coal surface, and ∆ Gads0 was negative, proving that the reaction was spontaneous. Zeta potential measurements showed that SL increased the negative charge on coal. FTIR scanning and XPS wide-range scanning were performed on the coal before and after adsorption, and it was found that the content of oxygen functional groups on coal increased after adsorption. Simulation results show that when a large number of SL molecules exist in the solution, some SL molecules will bind to hydrophobic hydrocarbon groups on coal. The rest of the SL molecules, their hydrophobic alkyl tails, come into contact with each other and aggregate in solution. The agglomeration of SL molecules and the surface of coal with static electricity will also produce electrostatic interaction, which is conducive to the even dispersion of coal particles. The results of mean square displacement (MSD) and self-diffusion coefficient (D) show that the addition of SL reduces the diffusion rate of water molecules. Simulation results correspond to experimental results, indicating that MD simulation is accurate and feasible.

Study into the effect of sodium lignosulfonate, anionic surfactants and their mixtures on the rate of copper ion cementation by zinc

The article focuses on the effect of sodium lignosulfonate (LS), anionic surfactants (sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS)), and their mixtures on the rate of copper cementation by zinc. The results obtained demonstrate a decrease in copper cementation rate with the increasing LS and SDBS concentrations. There was also excessive zinc consumption for copper ion cementation noted due to LS and SDBS anion adsorption on positively charged zinc cathodic areas of the cementing agent and the precipitate. This led to a decrease in the rate of copper particle nucleation, energy consumption for forming new copper nucleation centers, and conditions for hydrogen overpotential reduction. In addition, rising temperature led to a decrease in zinc consumption in the presence of LS. Surfactants under investigation may be ranked by the negative impact on copper ion cementation in an ascending order as follows: SDS &lt; SDBS &lt; LS. LS + SDS mixture testing showed its irregular effect on copper cementation rate at test temperatures. Experiments with LS and SDBS mixtures demonstrated a linear decrease in copper ion cementation rate with increasing SDBS concentration and simultaneously rising zinc consumption. Due to the negative impact of investigated reagents discovered, we proposed a method for removing organic impurities from solutions using multilayered aluminosilicates modified by cationic surfactants. The results obtained indicate the high effectiveness of organic impurity removal from solutions providing for a 50 % increase in cementation rate in the presence of LS + SDBS mixture together with a decrease in zinc consumption.

Influence of sodium lignosulfonate on loamy soil and cucumber plants

Sodium lignosulfonate is a water-soluble by-product obtained by the sulfite method of cellulose production. In a model experiment, the authors investigated the effect of sodium lignosulfonate on certain agrochemical parameters of sod-podzolic loam soil and on the physiological parameters of cucumber plant development. Sodium lignosulfonate was added to the soil in concentrations 0 %, 1 %, 2,5 %, 5 % and 10 % of the dry soil weight. The samples were incubated at a constant temperature (23 °С) and a constant humidity of 70 % for 90 days. Adding lignosulfanate to the model soil in small concentrations (1 and 2.5 %) significantly increased the content of potassium (from 169.7 mg/kg in the control to 389.1–431.6 mg/kg, respectively) and exchange cations, but reduced the nitrogen content regardless of the dose. The concentration of Mg, CA and Na increased by 3.9…7.8 times, which had an alkalizing effect on the soil. At a concentration of 2.5 % lignosulfonate, the pH of the salt solution increased by 1.26 units. At the same time, the concentration of the buffer solution significantly increased, which was manifested in the physiological response of plants. Lignosulfonate reduced the accumulation of plant biomass and proportion of roots in the total mass. With an increase in the concentration of lignosulfonate in the soil, the degree of inhibition of growth processes increased. Lignosulfanate did not affect the stomatal regime of leaves and transpiration losses of water, but it reduced the water content in the leaf depending on the concentration. Photosynthetic activity of plants was partially suppressed in conditions of high lignosulfonate content in the soil. Lignosulfonate did not enhance plant tolerance to low temperature.

Assessment of the effect that sodium lignosulfonate, the main component of wastewaters of pulp and paper industry, has on the state of natural and laboratory cladoceran populations

The state of natural and laboratory cladoceran populations under the effect of sodium lignosulfonate (the main component of waste waters of the Kondopoga pulp and paper mill (PPM) polluting the Onego Lake) was analyzed. An increase in the body length and fertility of Cladocera under the effect of sodium lignosulfonate was observed in long-term toxicological experiments. A hypothesis on the effect that this component has on the increased rise in Daphnia cristata Sars abundance, which changes the dynamics of its population, is proposed.

Time-dependent flow of cement pastes

The time-dependent behavior of viscosity of clinker pastes was studied with a coaxial cylinder type viscometer. In order to characterize the flow behavior of cement pastes, the flow curve obtained by the minimum values of shear stresses at different shear rates was proposed. Two types of time dependence were found; the increase in viscosity caused by shearing and the increase in minimum viscosity caused by hydration. The effect of sodium lignosulfonate on the flow behavior was also considered.

Flow Properties of Cement Paste

The effect of sodium lignosulfonate (NaLS) on the flow properties of cement paste was studied using a coaxial cylinder rheometer. The apparent viscosity, ηa, shows a rapid increase with time, due to the hydration of C3A(3CaO·Al2O3) and C4AF(4CaO·Al2O3·Fe2O3). At the initial stage of hydration, the fluidity of paste decreases at first with NaLS concentration and shows a minimum at 0.1%. The further additions of NaLS lead to an increase in the fluidity. When the hydration proceeds, NaLS does not cause a significant change of fluidity. It is considered that NaLS has a strong effect on the initial hydration process.