Effect Of Sodium Gluconate Research Articles

Effect of Sodium Gluconate on pH Value, Ammonia and Short Chain Fatty Acids Concentration in Batch Culture of Porcine Cecal Digesta

Effect of Sodium Gluconate on pH Value, Ammonia and Short Chain Fatty Acids Concentration in Batch Culture of Porcine Cecal Digesta

Effects of sodium gluconate and phytase on performance and bone characteristics in broiler chickers

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of corn soybean meal diets with added sodium gluconate (0 and 20 g/kg) and phytase (0, 500 and 1000 U/kg) on performance and bone characteristics of broiler chicks. A total of 350 eight-day-old Arbor Acre male chicks were used with a 2 × 3 plus 1 factorial arrangement. A positive control diet, adequate in non-phytate-phosphorus and calcium without sodium gluconate and phytase, was used. Chickens were randomly allocated to seven treatments with each treatment having five replicates. The experiment lasted from 8 to 42 d posthatching. The outcomes of the study indicated that the low-non-phytate-phosphorus diet caused a negative effect ( P<0.05) on the average daily gain, average daily feed intake, tibia weight and tibia ash of birds compared to the positive control diet. The supplementation of 20 g sodium gluconate/kg increased average daily gain during days 22–42 ( P=0.005), 8–42 ( P=0.013) and tibia ash at 21 d ( P=0.002). Phytase addition improved ( P<0.05) average daily gain and average daily feed intake during the whole experiment and tibia weight, tibia ash at 21 and 42 d and calcium content in tibia ash at 42 d. Compared with diets supplemented with 500 U phytase/kg, diets supplemented with 1000 U phytase/kg had significantly higher average daily feed intake during the whole experiment and average daily gain during days 22–42 and 8–42 and tibia ash at days 21 and 42. There was a significant interaction between sodium gluconate and phytase for average daily gain ( P=0.027) from 8 to 21 d and tibia weight ( P=0.020) at 42 d. These results demonstrated that sodium gluconate and phytase supplementation to low-phosphorus diets improved performance and phytate-phosphorus utilization by chicks during the whole growing periods.

Gibbsite crystallization inhibition: 1. Effects of sodium gluconate on nucleation, agglomeration and growth

Conditions that facilitate the study of gibbsite secondary nucleation, agglomeration and growth as separate crystallization processes have been described. The effects of sodium gluconate, one of the strongest inhibitors of gibbsite crystallization from alkaline aluminate solutions, have been studied under the selected conditions. Sodium gluconate was found to promote secondary nucleation, relative to a control, when present at very low concentrations (1–3 mmol L −1); at slightly higher concentrations (4–6 mmol L −1) it suppressed the release of secondary nuclei. Gluconate caused an increase in the induction period, delayed but did not prevent agglomeration, and reduced ordered growth rates significantly. The observed small changes in crystal morphologies, induced by 4–6 mmol L −1 gluconate in solution, should assist in understanding the mechanisms of gibbsite crystallization inhibition because they reflect different deposition rates on specific crystal faces.

Effects of Sodium Gluconate on the Formation of Ettringite

The initial setting time of Portland cement containing sodium gluconate is quickly than that of cement without sodium gluconate. Such a behavior of early hydration is due to an action of the formation of ettringite. The formation process of ettringite from hydration of synthesized C3A and CaSO4⋅2H2O with the addition of sodium gluconate was investigated from the changes in composition of liquid phase within several minutes with standing time. The results are summarized as follows. Calcium and sulfate contents in liquid phase increase by the addition of sodium gluconate, and the solubility of CaSO4⋅2H2O is also enlarged. The time shown high concentration of calcium and sulfate contents is longer than that without additives. It is resulted to form Ca complex with gluconic acid and Ca2+ in liquid phase. Ettringite was produced in this period and unreacted CaSO4⋅2H2O was disappered. The concentration of calcium content in liquid phase immediately increased after contact with water, and decreased after their, That is, the phenomenon of deposition happens rapidly after the dissolution. After the formation of Ca complex, gluconic acid was adsorbed on the surface of unhydrated particles. CaSO4⋅2H2O depressed the adsorption of gluconic acid on C3A.

Lack of Evidence for a Thrombolytic Effect of Sodium Gluconate in Arteries

SummaryAfter Kopper (1966) reported that sodium gluconate induces thrombolysis, we tested the effect of this substance on 8 hrs old clots which had been artificially initiated in the femoral artery of cats. These clots can be lysed completely as previous experiments with streptokinase and urokinase have shown. During a 24 hrs continuous administration of sodium gluconate, in no animal a thrombolytic effect was observed. Kopper’s positive results, which were obtained primarily on venous clots, lead one to believe that possibly sodium gluconate liberates plasminogen activators from the endothelium of veins, where these are in high concentrations compared to the intima of arteries.