Effect Of Sintering Duration Research Articles

The Effect of Sintering Duration on Metal Matrix Composite Reinforced with CNT Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy: A Review

The Effect of Sintering Duration on Metal Matrix Composite Reinforced with CNT Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy: A Review

Effect of sintering duration on microstructure and properties of Inconel 718 superalloy prepared by electric field-activated sintering

Effect of sintering duration on microstructure and properties of Inconel 718 superalloy prepared by electric field-activated sintering

Preparation of xLi2MnO3·(1-x)(LiMn1/3Co1/3Ni1/3)O2 cathode material and its electrochemical properties for Li-ion batteries

The layered xLi2MnO3·(1-x)(LiMn1/3Co1/3Ni1/3)O2 (x = 0.15, 0.3, 0.45) as cathode materials in Li-ion batteries were prepared by co-precipitation of hydroxides. The effects of sintering duration, chemical composition and temperature on the structure and electrochemical performance were studied. The results show that the 0.3Li2MnO3·0.7(LiMn1/3Co1/3Ni1/3)O2 material prepared at 800 °C for 20 h has higher crystallization degree and better electrochemical performance. The charge capacity in the first circle was 359.8 mAh·g-1, the discharge capacity was 240.3 mAh·g-1, the discharge efficiency was 66.8% and the capacity retention was also 97.6% after 20 cycles.

Effect of sintering time on microstructure and electrical properties of lead-free sodium bismuth titanate perovskite

Sodium bismuth titanate (NBT) based perovskite is emerging as one of the future lead free alternative materials for electro-ceramic applications. In this present work, NBT ceramics were synthesized by cost effective solid state reaction method at a particular sintering temperature 1200 °C for various durations up to 24 hr and the effect of sintering duration on microstructure and subsequently the electrical conductivity behavior was investigated. The grain size increases from 2 to 5.2 µm and also the grain size distribution broadened with increasing the sintering duration from 1hr to 24 hr. The inter and intra grain as well as space charge contributions towards the total conductivity were distinctly demonstrated. The temperature and frequency dependent Z and ac conductivity as a function of sintering duration were analyzed correlating with the micro-structural changes to obtain useful information about the conductivity and relaxation mechanism.

Effect of sintering duration on the sliding‐wear resistance of 3Y‐TZP dental ceramics

AbstractZirconia doped with 3 mol% yttria (3Y‐TZP) is widely employed in prosthetic dentistry. The standard routine in the manufacture of prostheses involves subtractive machining of a commercial presintered block, followed by pressureless sintering up to full densification using one of the heat treatments indicated by the supplier, so as to obtain adequate strength. Usually, however, little information is provided on how these treatments affect the wear resistance. The present work therefore investigated how three sintering cycles of different durations recommended by a commercial supplier affected the microstructure and long‐term degradation in the form of sliding‐wear of the resulting 3Y‐TZP ceramics. It was found that the three cycles essentially resulted in the same wear behavior (ie, wear modes and mechanisms, as well as specific wear rate ~5·10–6 mm3/Nm). The results are analyzed within the framework of existing abrasive wear models, and implications for the manufacture of durable prostheses are discussed.

Effect of sintering duration on the dielectric properties of 0.9BaTiO3–0.1CaCu3Ti4O12 nanocomposite synthesized by solid state route

A nanocomposite ceramic with the composition close to 0.9BaTiO3–0.1CaCu3Ti4O12 (BTC) was synthesized using a solid state method through sintering at 950°C for different time durations 3, 6, 9 and 12h. The structural and microstructural details were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) techniques. XRD analysis confirmed the existence of BaTiO3 (BTO) and CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) as the primary phases along with CuO and CaTiO3 as the minor aspects. The average grain sizes obtained by SEM analysis were found to be around 269nm, 309nm, 342nm, and 734nm for sintering durations 3, 6, 9 & 12h respectively. TEM analysis showed the particle size in the range of 30±10nm. The surface morphology was analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The sample sintered for 3h exhibited very high dielectric constant (ɛr~319,674) at 1kHz and 328K. The presence of semiconducting grains with the insulating grain boundaries significantly attributes to such a high dielectric constant value, supporting the internal barrier layer capacitance (IBLC) mechanism operative in BTC nanocomposite.

Effect of sintering duration on structural and electrical properties of Ba0.9Sr0.1Ti0.96Zr0.04O3 solid solution

Strontium and zirconium substituted barium titanate, Ba0.9Sr0.1Ti0.96Zr0.04O3 (BSZT) was prepared through the solid state reaction route. The compound was sintered for 6, 9 and 12 h and the effect of sintering duration has been studied. Structural investigation has been carried out using X-ray diffraction pattern of the samples following the Rietveld refinement, which confirms the formation of tetragonal phase with P4mm space group. The effect of Sr and Zr substitution in the BT lattice and effect of sintering duration in BSZT has been evaluated by Raman spectroscopy. The microstructural and dielectric studies show the increase in grain size as well as dielectric constant with increasing sintering duration. No appreciable change in Curie temperature (Tc) is observed for all three samples viz. BSZT6, BSZT9 and BSZT12. A decrease in activation energy and increase in diffusivity constant with increasing sintering duration is observed. I-V measurement was carried out to study the resistive properties of the synthesized compositions.

Effect of Sintering Duration on Some Properties of Pure Magnesium

Tribological and physical properties of pure magnesium (Mg) are investigated during sintering for 2, 4, and 6 h at the temperature of 600°C. The pure sintered magnesium is characterized by wear behavior, corrosion, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), unit weight, water absorption, specific weight, and micro-Vickers hardness testing. XRD analysis of sintered Mg revealed the existence of Mg, MgO, and MgO2 compounds. The hardness of the pure magnesium ranged from 53.8 to 70.4 HV0.1. The wear tests are carried out in a ball-disc arrangement under a dry friction condition at room temperature with an applied load of 5 N and a sliding speed of 0.2 m/sec at a sliding distance of 250 m. The wear surfaces of the Mg samples are analyzed using SEM and EDS. It is observed that the wear rate of pure Mg decreased by 54% when the sintering duration is increased. The corrosion resistance of Mg sintered for 6 h is increased by 36% compared to Mg sintered for 2 h.

Effect of Sintering Duration on Pure PZT for Piezofan Application

Recently, pure PZT have been used as a piezofan in electronic application. Properties that piezoelectric fan should have are high mechanical piezoelectric coupling factor, high dielectric constant, easily polarized and high piezoelectric charge constant. Soft PZT is a suitable candidate to fulfill this requirement. The samples will be prepared via high planetary mill; due to this process can skip calcinations process, which can reduce a lot of cost. This process also can avoid PbO loss during sintering process. The microstructure and electrical properties of PZTceramic were found to be more sensitive to the sintering condition. Preliminary works have been done in order to find a suitable sintering duration in order to produce a good PZT formation. SEM analysis indicated that shorter sintering time promotes fine structure and densification. This have been proves where relative density of the obtained sintered PZT ceramics was measured to be approximately 99 % of the theoretical density.

Effect of holding time on the dielectric properties and non-ohmic behavior of CaCu3Ti4O12 capacitor-varistors

Giant dielectric ceramics CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) with non-ohmic electrical properties were prepared by a sol–gel processing method. Crystal structure and microstructure of the ceramics have been characterized using X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscopy. The effects of sintering duration and cooling rate on electrical properties of the ceramics were investigated by measuring the properties of permittivity, I–V and grain-boundary barriers. Prolonging holding time led to substantial improvement in permittivity, furthermore, the quenched sample showed larger dielectric permittivity than the furnace-cooling one. The non-ohmic behavior relating current density (J) to the applied electric field (E) at different temperatures was characterized. A low-voltage and giant dielectric permittivity CCTO varistor with breakdown voltages in the range of Eb = 0.2–3 kV cm−1, nonlinearity coefficient α = 2–6 and dielectric permittivity e = 4,000–30,000 was obtained. A linear relationship between ln(J) and E1/2 indicated that a Schottky barrier should exist at the grain boundary.

Effect of sintering duration on the thermal conductivity of (Bi, Pb)-2223 superconducting pellets between 10 and 150 K

The influence of sintering duration on the electrical resistivities and thermal conductivities of (Bi0.8Pb0.2)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O9.8+δ pellets with 0.11 < δ < 0.54 is reported between 10 and 150 K. The results indicate a gradual transformation of the 2212 phase to the 2223 phase and this transformation starts within 5 h of sintering in air at 840°C. The thermal conductivity of the pellets sintered for shorter durations display two maxima at T c0 and around 110 K, respectively. The shape and magnitude of these maxima depend on the relative amount of the 2212 and 2223 phases present in the pellets. While the magnitude of the total thermal conductivity over the measured temperature range is strongly influenced by the duration of sintering, the phonon-dominant nature of heat transport is retained. The relative contribution of the electronic part (λE) to the total thermal conductivity (λ) remains small and does not change appreciably with sintering time.