Effects Of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes Research Articles

Effect of single-walled carbon nanotubes on the structural, physical, and mechanical properties of rat glial cell surface

Carbon nanotubes are a very promising class of nanomaterials for biological and medical applications. The work aims at studying the interaction of rat C6 glioma cells with single-walled carbon nanotubes in complex with DNA (DNA-SWCNTs) paying the special attention to the changes in the structural, mechanical, and physical properties of the cell surface layer and the parameters of the DNA-SWCNT accumulation in cells. The properties of cells incubated with DNA-SWCNTs for 1–24 h were studied by atomic force microscopy, patch-clamp method, and Raman spectroscopy. The surface of glioma cells exposed to DNA-SWCNTs for 1 h had invaginations of size similar to the length of nanotubes (100–250 nm). The parameters of sliding friction force measured between the AFM tip and cell surface and the resting membrane potential were significantly reduced during the initial phase of DNA-SWCNT uptake (1–2 h) by cells. With further increase in incubation time (18–24 h), when DNA-SWCNTs were accumulated in the cytoplasm, the friction force parameters increased and became higher than the corresponding parameters for control cells. Using the decision tree algorithm for classification, the difference in the spatial distribution of the cell surface mechanical properties for C6 glioma cells exposed to DNA-SWCNTs during 1 or 24 h was shown with high classification accuracy. Our results prove that endocytosis is the main mechanism of DNA-SWCNT uptake by C6 rat glioma cells. The reorganization of the cell surface layer accompanying nanotube endocytosis leads to changes in the mechanical and physical properties of the cell surface.

Brinkman–Bénard convection in water with a dilute concentration of single-walled carbon nanotubes

Linear and weakly nonlinear stability analyses of Brinkman–Bénard convection in water with a dilute concentration of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is studied analytically in the paper. The thermophysical properties of water-SWCNTs nanoliquid and water-SWCNTs nanoliquid-saturated high-porosity medium are calculated using phenomenological relations and the mixture theory. The five-mode Lorenz model is derived under the assumptions of Boussinesq approximation, small-scale convective motion, weak thermophoresis and porous friction. Using the method of multiscales the five-mode Lorenz model is reduced to a cubic Ginzburg–Landau equation the solution of which helps in quantifying the unsteady heat transport. The effects of SWCNTs, porous parameter and viscosity ratio on onset of convection and the heat transport are documented. Results of the unicellular-Brinkman–Bénard convection problem is extracted from those of the multicellular-Brinkman–Bénard convection problem. Three different enclosures are considered in the study and their influence on the onset of convection and the heat transport are compared. The single-phase model which incorporates nanoliquid thermophysical properties is shown to be a limiting case of the model proposed in the present paper.

Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of scant on cell culture of macrophages RAW264.7, cells of the bronchial epitheliumbeas-2B

Investigation of the effect of single-walled carbon nanotubes showed the absence of cytotoxic activity in cell cultures of RAW 264.7 and BEAS-2B and a slight apoptogenic effect of the studied materials on BEAS-2B cells

Effect of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes on Strength Properties of Cement Composites.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on strength the properties of cement composites when surfactant (SAA) was applied as the dispersion method. TritonX-100 (TX10) was used as the SAA to pretreat SWCNTs, which has been proved to perform well in dispersing the agglomerates of SWCNTs. In this study, four different concentration of SWCNTs, namely 0.00 wt%, 0.02 wt%, 0.04 wt%, and 0.06 wt% by the mass of cement, were used to prepare cement composite specimens. The compressive strength and flexural strength of specimens were tested and recorded. The results show that the compressive and flexural strengths of cement composites decreased with the increase in the concentration of SWCNTs without the addition of TX10. However, when SWCNT suspensions were pretreated with TX10, the strength variation pattern changed; the compressive and flexural strengths of cement composites increased as a function of the concentration of SWCNTs, although there were reductions compared to non-TX10-treated specimens at all concentrations of SWCNTs. Furthermore, the relationship between the strength of cement composites and bulk density of specimens was considered.

Anharmonic Effects in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Analyzed through Low-Temperature Raman Imaging

The high thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has gained much attention for their applications in potential thermal devices. Here, we investigate anharmonic effects, originated from phonon interactions, of SWCNT bundles by temperature dependent Raman imaging using our home-built mini cryostat system. The cryostat system is small enough to be mounted on a piezo scanner that suppresses thermal drift, enabling Raman imaging at different temperatures. We obtained Raman spectral images of several SWCNT bundles with a spatial resolution of a few hundred nanometers at different temperatures. We found that different bundles show different temperature dependences of Raman peak intensity, shift, and width. The temperature dependence was further elucidated by considering the sample topography observed by atomic force microscopy, where bundle effects seem to play an important role to influence the anharmonicity. The temperature-dependent Raman analysis based on spatially resolved imaging will be a powerful tool to investigate anharmonic effects of advanced carbon nanomaterials as well as to realize in situ visualization of thermal properties for future thermal devices.

Molecular dynamics simulation study of the effect of single-walled carbon nanotube on the enantioseparation ability of a chiral ionic liquid

A non-halogenated type of chiral ionic liquids (CIL's) called 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (T-4)-bis[(αS)-α-(hydroxy-O) benzeneacetato-κO] borate, [BMIm+] [BSMB−], has been used for enantioseparation of propranolol enantiomers. Experimental studies indicate that carbon nanotubes (CNT's) increase the Enantioselectivity of chiral ionic liquids through the enhancement of the interaction surface of chiral selectors with the compounds enantiomers. With the aim of investigating the mechanism under this observation, we used Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulations to investigate the molecular level picture of the behavior of CIL and propranolol enantiomers on the Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT) surface. The density profiles, micro structure, radial distribution function, dimer existence autocorrelation function (DAF) and dynamic properties of propranolol enantiomers were studied in the CIL/CNT solution. The results are indicative of stronger interactions between R-propranolol enantiomers with CIL and CNT surface. Furthermore stronger interactions were seen between the R-propranolol molecules with one another. This leads to the difference in the replacement of propranolol enantiomers on the CNT surface in such a way that R-propranolol molecules propagate more along the CNT to have the maximum interactions with CIL molecules. The diffusion coefficient difference between S-propranolol and R-propranolol molecules shows a higher value in comparison to the system that CNT is absent. Consequently, the interactions, propagation and mobility of propranolol enantiomers are strongly influenced by CNT presence.

Effect of single-walled carbon nanotubes on the cure and mechanical properties of reclaimed rubber/natural rubber blends

Reclaimed rubber (RR) is a recovered rubber material and has lower quality and properties compared to virgin rubber. To enhance its properties and subsequently widen the scope of applications, it is often blended with virgin natural rubber (NR). However, properties of the resultant RR/NR blends are negatively affected as the proportion of RR in the RR/NR blends is increased. This study seeks to explore the use of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in RR/NR blends, where the dominant component is RR. Based on the tensile properties of specific formulations, the amounts of SWCNTs were first optimised by mixing varying amounts of SWCNTs and NR using conventional laboratory equipment. The effect of optimised SWCNTs on the cure and mechanical properties of RR/NR blends was thereafter investigated. The obtained results showed that upon the incorporation of SWCNTs, the minimum torque of RR/NR blends decreased while the scorch time and cure rate increased. Both the ultimate tensile strength and modulus at 100 %, 300 % and 500 % elongation increased, while the elongation at break slightly decreased. Furthermore, it was found that SWCNTs considerably increased hardness of RR/NR blends but insignificantly decreased the rebound resilience.

Керамический композит на основе диоксида циркония, армированный одностенными углеродными нанотрубками

Исследовано влияние относительного содержания одностенных углеродных нанотрубок (ОУНТ) на уплотнение, фазовый состав, микроструктуру и физико-механические свойства композитов на основе стабилизированного иттрием диоксида циркония, полученных электроимпульсным плазменным спеканием. Обнаружено, что в композитах, содержащих 0.1 и 0.5 мас. % ОУНТ, наблюдается существенное повышение относительной плотности: с 98.26 до 99.98%. Установлено, что ОУНТ частично ограничивают моноклинно-тетрагональный переход при высокотемпературной обработке диоксида циркония. Трещиностойкость композита с 1 мас. % ОУНТ возрастает на 38% по сравнению с керамикой без добавок.

Crosslinking and interfacial behavior of carboxylic functionalized carbon nanotube Epon nanocomposites: a molecular dynamic simulation approach

We implemented molecular dynamics simulations to study the effect of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and carboxylic (–COOH) functionalized SWCNT on the crosslinking and interfacial behavior of Epon 862 nanocomposite. Results showed that the introduction of control SWCNT in the Epon system reduced the crosslinking by 8–12% in comparison to control system (without CNT). The molecules of Epon 862 and Epikure-W changed their conformation and aligned themselves in the direction parallel to the surface wrapping the nanotubes. Also, no interfacial bonding was found between the polymer and SWCNT. However, the introduction of the –COOH functional groups on the surface of SWCNT lead to increase in crosslinking and resulted in a strong bond formation between the polymer and nanotube interphase. A significant increase in energy was found in Epon/COOH-SWCNT systems that lead to an increase of 33% in interfacial strength in comparison to Epon/SWCNT counterpart. The pullout simulations of Epon/SWCNT samples showed separation at the interphase with no polymer atoms attached to CNT. In contrast, bond stretching and breakage were observed in the polymer chain, whereas, a strong interphase was observed in Epon/COOH-SWCNT samples. This study reveals the nanolevel interactions between the nanotubes and polymers which otherwise not possible through experimental techniques, and lead to cognize that the functionalization of SWCNT with –COOH groups can establish a strong network with the epoxy chain and significantly enhance the interfacial properties particularly for applications where the interphase is critical.

Effects of carbon nanotubes on growth of wheat seedlings and Cd uptake

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely used in many scientific fields including plant sciences due to their unique physical and chemical properties. However, little is known about the toxic effects of CNTs combined with cadmium (Cd) on wheat. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SW) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MW) on the phytotoxicity of Cd in wheat. A hydroponic culture was carried out to study wheat seedling growth in six treatments, namely Cd only (Cd); MW only (MW); SW only (SW); SW combined with Cd (SWCd); MW combined with Cd (MWCd); and a control (neither Cd nor carbon nanotubes). Compared with the Cd, SW/MW alone, CNTsCd treatments induced a reduction in total root length, root surface area, average root diameter, number of root hairs, and the dry weight of shoots and roots, which indicated that wheat growth and development was significantly inhibited. In addition, an obvious decrease in tubulins in the roots was observed. However, SW/MWCd induced a significant increase in glutathione S-transferase and cyochrome P450 in the shoots and roots, which indicated that the defense ability of wheat seedlings had improved, thus alleviating Cd stress. Moreover, Cd content increased significantly in shoot and root tissues with an increase in SW/MW content, compared to the Cd treatment. According to the transmission electron microscopy, CNTs alone destroyed the cell structure, and this devastating phenomenon was deepened after combining Cd and CNTs due to CNTs carrying Cd to attack cells. Compared with MW, SW had a greater effect on wheat seedlings. To conclude, CNTs increase the toxicity of Cd to wheat seedlings. These results are significant as they evaluate indirect phytotoxicity of CNTs for adsorbing heavy metals and plant growth regulators. In view of the widespread exposure of agricultural crops to Cd, the nanotoxicity of CNTs should be seriously considered in relation to food security in the future.

Large Thermospin Effects in Carbon Nanotubes with Vacancy Defects

We systematically investigated the possibility of improving thermospin effects in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by vacancy engineering. The proposed method possesses several advantages: (I) both the armchair and zigzag SWCNTs with vacancy defects exhibit a spin-semiconducting phase with a localized band structure near the Fermi level; (II) applying a thermal gradient can generate spin-up and spin-down currents with the same magnitudes but opposite directions, demonstrating the existence of a pure spin current without any applied bias; (III) a giant spin Seebeck coefficient SS, comparable with those of other carbon-based structures, can be achieved; (IV) the phononic thermal conductance in defective SWCNTs is reduced by about 50%, thus strongly enhancing the thermospin conversion efficiency ZST; and (V) varying the nanotube diameter can tune the spin gap, such that the spin gap increases as the nanotube becomes narrower, indicating the possible application of SWCNTs in thermospintronic.

INFLUENCE OF OF SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES INGESTION BY RATS ON THEIR INTEGRAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICES

Introduction. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can affect the human body as a result of their use in packaging materials, growth stimulators of agricultural plants and promising agrochemicals. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of SWCNT on integral and biochemical indices on the model of oral administration to rats in a subacute experiment with duration of 92 days. Material and methods. SWCNT were dispersed by ultrasound in water with 1% by weight of the non-ionic surfactant Tween 20. According to the data of dynamic light scattering, electron microscopy, and Raman light scattering the sample containing both free and partially aggregated SWCNTs. The experiment was carried out on 5 groups of growing male Wistar rats. The SWCNT dispersion was added to the drinking water at doses (control); of 0.01; 0.1; 1.0 and 10 mg/kg body weight in groups from the 1st to the 5th group. We studied the level of anxiety and cognitive function in the test of the “Conditional Reflex of Passive Avoidance” (CRPA); the mass of internal organs, the permeability of the small intestine wall for ovalbumin macromolecules, the biochemical parameters of blood serum, the activity of glutathione peroxidase, the content of non-protein thiols in the liver, urinary excretion of 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-G) and selenium. Results. As a result of SWCNTs consumption there were found significant changes in the content of total protein, uric acid, triglycerides, cholesterol in the blood serum, the increased activity of aspartate aminotransferase, the relative mass of the liver, and decreased the permeability of the intestinal wall for macromolecules of the protein. There have been shifts in individual antioxidant protection indices, including increased 8-oxo-G excretion, decreased glutathione peroxidase activity, glutathione content in the liver, and selenium availability. Most of the above effects did not show a dose dependence of the nanomaterial and were more pronounced at minimal and medium doses of SWCNTs than at maximum doses. The effect of SWCNTs on the behavioral responses of animals was not revealed. Conclusion. Therefore, SWCNT show signs of toxic effects at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg body weight in a day or less.

Hydrogen Confined in a Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Becomes a Metallic and Superconductive Nanowire under High Pressure.

Metallic hydrogen is a long-desired material. However, the pressure needed to metallize hydrogen is difficult to access experimentally. We demonstrated that the high-density of hydrogen confined in a (8,0) single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) can be metallized at a relative low pressure of 163.5 GPa, due to the " physical compression" effect of SWNT. Through mimicking experimental measurements of the specific heat of confined hydrogen nanowire, we showed that the electronic specific heat of the hydrogen has a clear jump around 225 K, verifying a superconducting transition at this critical temperature. The superconducting hydrogen can be very well explained by the Eliashberg superconductivity theory for an electron-phonon strong-coupling system. Our simulation results open an avenue for the study of nanohydrogen materials at high pressure.

THE EFFECT OF 92-DAY SUBACUTE EXPOSURE TO SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES ON TRACE ELEMENT HOMEOSTASIS IN WISTAR RATS

OSUNT90T® single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were administered with drinking water at doses of 0 (control), 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg/kg body weight (bw) to juvenile male Wistar rats for 100 days. The levels of 17 chemical elements (Ag, Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V, and Zn) in the liver, kidneys, spleen, brain, and testes were assessed using ICP-MS. A decrease of the content of certain chemical elements, including As, Pb, Cd, Cs, and Se, in the organs of animals that received SWCNTs and an increase of vanadium (V) and silver (Ag) levels in the kidneys were detected. The absence of a dependence between most of these effects and the nanomaterial dose along with preferential manifestation of the effects at low (0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg bw) doses are indicative of a complex systemic biochemical mechanism, apparently dependent on agglomeration at high concentrations, underlying the effects of SWCNTs on element homeostasis.

The Research of the Effect of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on the Properties of Epichlorohydrin Rubber

The development of frost-resistant elastomeric materials with high performance characteristics remains one of the topical issues. Solving this issue will significantly improve the reliability of machines and mechanisms operating under extremely low temperatures. The influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the performance properties of epichlorohydrin rubber was investigated. This rubber of unique frost resistance has low glass transition temperature (Tg = -60 °C).

STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL IN VIVO EVALUATION OF EFFECTS OF SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES AND COMPLEX OF VITAMINS A AND E ON THE LIVER IN RATS

Introduction. A review of the literature on nanotechnology shows the advanced development of hygienic research in the field of nanotoxicology to be of fundamental importance, as it allows creating a basis for the introduction of safe production at the design stage of technological processes. The effects of carbon nanotubes (CNT) on the body are evaluated for the use in many different technical applications, including the alleged possibility of their use as a sorbing material in the water treatment process. Material and Methods. Two-weeks intragastric effect of single-walled carbon nanotubes (oUNT) at doses of 0.05 and 0.5 mg/kg and a complex of vitamins A and E (AE) at a dose of 25.3 mg/kg (vitamin E - 25.2 mg/kg and vitamin A - 0.1 mg/kg) on the liver of male Wistar rats, as well as in the same batch of animals three months after a two-week experiment and a single exposure to oUNT at a dose of 5mg/kg were studied in fifteen groups of animals. oUNT was dissolved in sunflower oil at the rate of 0.5 ml of oil per 100 g of body weight. Results. Two-weeks study of oUNT at doses of 0.05 and 0.5 mg/kg and three months after a single exposure at a dose of 5mg/kg revealed no damage to the nucleus of hepatocytes, but three months after a two-week experiment, when exposed to both doses of oUNT, showed a significant increase in this index, as well as indices of fatty degeneration, only in relation to groups of the two-week exposure. Thus, with two-weeks exposure of oUNT, three months after it, as well as three months after a single exposure at a dose of 5 mg/kg the fatty degeneration develops. The effect of the complex of vitamins AE in the two-weeks experiment and three months after it significantly worsens all the studied parameters in the rat liver, and with its complex effect with oUNT indices remain at the same changed level. Discussion. Probably UNT, getting into the digestive tract, cause pathological changes both in the place of direct contact - in the small intestine and in the remote body - the liver, which is consistent with both our data and previous studies. Conclusion. oUNT in different studied periods of exposure causes the development of fatty degeneration in the liver, and the use of vitamins A and E does not reduce the response of the liver damage.

INGESTED SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES AFFECT ON IMMUNOLOGICAL, HEMATOLOGICAL AND MICROOECOLOGICAL INDICES OF WISTAR RATS

Introduction. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can create risks to human health when they enter the body by oral route when used in packaging materials, as promising agrochemicals and pesticides. The aim of the study. Evaluation of the subacute oral toxicity of SWCNT in rats. Material and methods. In the 92-days of the experiment, the SWCNTs were administered to rats along with drinking water at doses of 0 (control); 0.01; 0.1; 1.0 and 10 mg/kg body weight (BW) in the groups 1-5, respectively. Hematological indices of blood, apoptosis of hepatocytes, levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in blood plasma and their production by cells of the spleen ex vivo, the content of the main and transient components of the intestinal microbiocenosis in the cecum were studied. There were determined hematological blood counts, hepatocyte apoptosis, levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in blood plasma and their production by spleen cells ex vivo, content in the cecum of the main and transient components of the intestinal microbiocenosis. Results. At the SWCNT dose of 0.01 mg/kg BW there was a decrease in the number of neutrophils and basophils, an increase in the number of lymphocytes, and a decrease in the number and volume of platelets. At a dose of 0.1 mg/kg bw there was noted a decrease in the number of cells in the early stage of apoptosis and the total number of cells in apoptosis, as well as a significant decrease in the levels of cytokines IL-10, IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, chemokine MIP-3a, TGF-β isoform 1; at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg IL-12p70, and TGF-β isoforms 1 and 3. TGF- β2 level was significantly elevated in group 5. The suppressive effect was noted for SWCNTs on the mold flora in intestinal contents at all doses of nanomaterial used, whereas the number of yeasts increased at 1 mg/kg BW. The immunization of rats with ovalbumin had a clear modulating effect on the immunotropic effects of SWCNTs administered at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg BW in a 28-days experiment. Discussion. The mechanisms of the observed changes development are likely to be associated with both systemic anti-inflammatory effects and with a decrease in the effect of SWCNT on the permeability of the intestinal barrier to protein antigens and microbial toxins. Conclusion. SWCNTs exhibit a number of effects in relation to the studied indices that do not demonstrate a monotonic dependence on the dose of nanomaterial, which, apparently, is related to the processes of aggregation of the SWCNT.

Effects of Tube Diameter and Length on Transparent Conductivity of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Network Films

The effects of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) structures on the transparent conductivity of their network films have been investigated. SWCNTs with different average tube diameters of 1.3 nm, 1.7 nm, and 2.0 nm were processed at the same conditions. Then unit structure characterization was performed by determining the tube diameter, length, bundle thickness, and so on, before the fabrication of SWCNT network films by the filtration and transfer method using the dispersions. The result of the transparent conductivity measurements clearly showed better performance with a decrease in the tube diameter: that is, narrower SWCNTs form narrow bundles, and their dense network results in an increase in the total length of conduction pathways in the SWCNT network films with high transparency. Furthermore, the figure of merit and the percolation exponent for the transparent conductivity obtained by using the data fitting of the percolation model were also discussed in terms of the tube diameter and length.

Ecological Effects of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Soil Microbial Communities and Soil Fertility

The manufacturers of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are continuously expanding their manufacturing and commercial markets, indicating that the environmental release and accumulation of SWCNTs in soil is inevitable. However, little is known about the effects of SWCNTs on soil physicochemical properties and soil microbial communities. Our results showed that treatment with SWCNTs resulted in an enhancement of microorganism metabolism related to soil organic compound degradation and a change in the structure of soil microbial communities, but the diversity of soil microorganisms was not significantly affected. The decrease in soil urease activity and the increase in the relative abundance of Nitrospirae after SWCNTs exposure might be relevant to the induction of soil nitrification. The relative abundances of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms increased after exposure to SWCNTs, which was beneficial for phosphorus bioavailability in the soil. Our current study highlights that exposure to SWCNTs at concentrations of 3 and 10µg/g can change the composition of soil microorganism communities, promote soil organic degradation and improve soil fertility by enhancing N and P availability in a short time.

Effect of SWCNTs and graphene on the fatigue behavior of antisymmetric GFRP laminate

In this relatively unique study, the impact of adding nanoparticles (NPs) on the fatigue properties of antisymmetric glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminate has been investigated. Antisymmetric GFRP laminates (+45/02/902/02/-45) were prepared and reinforced once with 0.1 wt% of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and then with 0.1 wt% of Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). The NPs reinforced GFRP laminates are termed here GFNRP nanocomposites. Ultrasonication method was used to disperse the NPs using carefully chosen process parameters. Fatigue tests were analyzed based on S-N curves, stiffness degradation and hysteresis loops. The results showed that the use of 0.1 wt% of SWCNTs led to an increase in the fatigue strength coefficient (FSC) and the fatigue strength exponent (FSE) of GFNRP nanocomposite specimens by 51% and 24%, respectively, while the use of similar wt.% of GNPs enhanced the FSC and FSE by 33% and 25%, respectively. Consequently, fatigue life of GFNRP nanocomposites are surprisingly enhanced by about three and twelve times when GNPs and SWCNTs are used, respectively. The findings would give designers much more confidence in using antisymmetric composite laminates in specific elastic tailoring structures.