Effects Of Sensory Experience Research Articles

Is satisfaction a moderator? The effect of sensory experience on perceived environmental sustainability and WOM: a study on the world's first organic state – Sikkim, India

PurposeThe study seeks to analyze the influence of sensory experience on perceived environmental sustainability and word-of-mouth (WOM) of tourists and residents. The study also tests the moderation effect of satisfaction on the relationship between perceived environmental sustainability and WOM.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted in Sikkim, a state in the northeastern part of India, which is regarded as the world's first organic state. The study was done in two phases. In the first phase, the data were collected from the tourists. And in the second phase, data were collected from the residents. A structured questionnaire was distributed to 700 tourists and residents in Sikkim. Out of these only 484 responses were considered for the study. Multivariate analyses were done using SPSS software and packages like Process Macro, and Amos to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe findings of the study indicated that sensory experience significantly influences perceived environmental sustainability and WOM. The study model fit with GFI = 0.955, CFI = 0.946 NFI = 0.929 and RMSEA = 0.07. The findings also indicate that satisfaction moderates the relation between sensory experience and word-of-mouth with a p value = 0.018.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was conducted in Sikkim and it used a convenience sampling method. Therefore, the study cannot be generalized.Practical implicationsAn emphasis on building an organic brand image can positively impact the local community. A study of this kind will encourage the community to work toward sustainable development.Originality/valueThe study is unique as it explores the evaluation of destination environmental sustainability. And it is one of the first to test the impact of satisfaction in the relationship between the independent and dependent variables in the context of the tourism experience.

The effect of sensory experience on sport development: baseball simulation in Korea

ABSTRACT Rationale A baseball simulation provides its participants a sporting environment in which programmed game mechanics mediate sensory stimuli. The current study aims to discover how simulation users’ interests in baseball, athletic identity, and intentions to participate in baseball differ by degree of stimuli. The results would reveal the dynamics of how baseball simulation users’ sensory experiences relate to their baseball development. Design Data collection, taken at two Korean baseball simulation franchises, involved 136 simulation participants. On a self-administered survey, participants answered questions about their degree of perceiving visual, aural, and tactile stimuli as well as their baseball interest, athletic identity, and intentions to participate in baseball. The collected data were analyzed in MANOVA. Findings The simulation users’ interests in baseball differed according to the degree of visual and aural stimuli. Regarding the degree of tactile stimuli, the simulation users differed in the degree to which they identified as an athlete and intended to participate in baseball. Playing a crucial role in their baseball development was their tactile sense. Practical implications The study suggests managerial implications that sport practitioners implement toward developing a new participatory market. Research contribution The study reveals how sport simulation users interact with the simulation's multi-dimensional environments.

Oxytocin Regulates Synaptic Transmission in the Sensory Cortices in a Developmentally Dynamic Manner.

The development and stabilization of neuronal circuits are critical to proper brain function. Synapses are the building blocks of neural circuits. Here we examine the effects of the neuropeptide oxytocin on synaptic transmission in L2/3 pyramidal neurons of the barrel field of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1BF). We find that perfusion of oxytocin onto acute brain slices significantly increases the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSC) of S1BF L2/3 pyramidal neurons at P10 and P14, but reduces it at the later ages of P22 and P28; the transition occurs at around P18. Since oxytocin expression is itself regulated by sensory experience, we also examine whether the effects of oxytocin on excitatory synaptic transmission correlate with that of sensory experience. We find that, indeed, the effects of sensory experience and oxytocin on excitatory synaptic transmission of L2/3 pyramidal neurons both peak at around P14 and plateau around P18, suggesting that they regulate a specific form of synaptic plasticity in L2/3 pyramidal neurons, with a sensitive/critical period ending around P18. Consistently, oxytocin receptor (Oxtr) expression in glutamatergic neurons of the upper layers of the cerebral cortex peaks around P14. By P28, however, Oxtr expression becomes more prominent in GABAergic neurons, especially somatostatin (SST) neurons. At P28, oxytocin perfusion increases inhibitory synaptic transmission and reduces excitatory synaptic transmission, effects that result in a net reduction of neuronal excitation, in contrast to increased excitation at P14. Using oxytocin knockout mice and Oxtr conditional knockout mice, we show that loss-of-function of oxytocin affects baseline excitatory synaptic transmission, while Oxtr is required for oxytocin-induced changes in excitatory synaptic transmission, at both P14 and P28. Together, these results demonstrate that oxytocin has complex and dynamic functions in regulating synaptic transmission in cortical L2/3 pyramidal neurons. These findings add to existing knowledge of the function of oxytocin in regulating neural circuit development and plasticity.

Cerebral lateralisation during signed and spoken language production in children born deaf

The effect of sensory experience on hemispheric specialisation for language production is not well understood. Children born deaf, including those who have cochlear implants, have drastically different perceptual experiences of language than their hearing peers. Using functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD), we measured lateralisation during language production in a heterogeneous group of 19 deaf children and in 19 hearing children, matched on language ability. In children born deaf, we observed significant left lateralisation during language production (British Sign Language, spoken English, or a combination of languages). There was no difference in the strength of lateralisation between deaf and hearing groups. Comparable proportions of children were categorised as left-, right-, or not significantly-lateralised in each group. Moreover, an exploratory subgroup analysis showed no significant difference in lateralisation between deaf children with cochlear implants and those without. These data suggest that the processes underpinning language production remain robustly left lateralised regardless of sensory language experience.

베트남 소비자의 베이커리카페 매장 감각체험이 행동의도에 미치는 영향 : 지각된 가치의 매개효과 검증

본 연구는 베트남 소비자를 대상으로 베이커리 카페에 대한 매장 내의 감각체험, 지각된 가치 및 행동의도 사이에 영향관계를 알아보고, 소비자의 베이커리 카페 매장 감각체험과 행동의도 간의 관계에서 지각된 가치의 매개역할을 검증해보고자 하였다. 제시한 연구목적의 실증분석을 위해 2018년 1월 베트남에서 인지도가 높은 브랜드 2개를 선택하여 직접설문기법을 이용한 설문조사를 실시하였고, 총 300부를 최종 분석에 이용하였다. 실증분석에 따른 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 매장의 감각체험은 지각된 가치, 즉 품질적 가치, 금전적 가치, 감정적 가치, 사회적 가치 4가지 요인 모두에 긍정적인(+) 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 지각된 가치 요인 중에서 품질적 가치와 사회적 가치에 매장 감각체험이 더 높은 영향력을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 지각된 가치 4가지 요인은 모두 행동의도에 긍정적인(+) 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났음을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 소비자의 베이커리 카페 매장 감각체험과 행동의도 간의 관계에서 지각된 가치의 매개역할을 검증한 결과, 금전적 가치와 감정적 가치의 부분 매개효과가 확인되었다. 따라서 베이커리 카페에서 소비자들이 다양한 감각체험을 경험할 수 있다면 소비자들의 지각된 가치를 통해 더욱 긍정적인 행동의도를 이끌어 낼 수 있다. 이러한 결과는 베이커리 카페의 효율적인 운영 및 관리에 있어 의미 있는 시사점을 제시해 줄 수 있다.

항공 라운지의 감각적 경험이 행동의도에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구

항공 라운지의 감각적 경험이 행동의도에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구

The effect of sensory experience on expected preferences toward a masking strategy for boar-tainted frankfurter sausages

The potential banning of surgical pig castration in the EU is to be announced by 1 January 2018, which may change stakeholder and consumer preferences. This study analysed consumers’ expected preferences regarding smoking and applying a mixture of spices to high-level boar-taint frankfurter sausages. Consumers’ acceptance through a hedonic evaluation of the masking strategy and its impact on expected preferences were analysed. We carried out two non-hypothetical discrete choice experiments by creating a real shopping scenario before and after a sensory experience test for a sample of 150 consumers from the metropolitan area of Madrid, Spain. The data used in this analysis were obtained from self-completed structured questionnaires following a quota sampling approach. The recently developed generalized multinomial logit model (GMNL) was used for analysis. The results showed the appropriateness of the proposed masking strategy of boar meat for the processed meat industry in Spain. Consumers stated their willingness to pay a premium for this flavour. The sensory experience had an impact on the mean preference and the scale heterogeneity. The degree of randomness and consumer uncertainty decreased significantly after the eating experience of the product.

The Holistic Brand Experience of Branded Mobile Applications Affects Brand Loyalty

We investigated the effects of the holistic brand experience of branded mobile applications (apps) on brand loyalty in a sample of 223 university students. Results showed that affective, cognitive, behavioral, and relational holistic brand experiences had significant effects on brand loyalty; however, the effect of sensory experience on brand loyalty was nonsignificant. Further, the involvement level of branded apps had a significant effect on the relationship between brand experience of branded apps and brand loyalty; however, this effect differed depending on gender. For males, the effects of cognitive, behavioral, and relational experiences on brand loyalty were significant, whereas, for females, this was true of the effects of affective, cognitive, and behavioral experiences. The results have important theoretical implications for extending holistic brand experience to the new media area. In practical terms, we provide important suggestions about the use of branded apps as tools for corporate marketing communications.

Effect of sensory experience on motor learning strategy.

It is well known that the central nervous system automatically reduces a mismatch in the visuomotor coordination. Can the underlying learning strategy be modified by environmental factors or a subject's learning experiences? To elucidate this matter, two groups of subjects learned to execute reaching arm movements in environments with task-irrelevant visual cues. However, one group had previous experience of learning these movements using task-relevant visual cues. The results demonstrate that the two groups used different learning strategies for the same visual environment and that the learning strategy was influenced by prior learning experience.

Insights into the origins of knowledge from the cognitive neuroscience of blindness

Children learn about the world through senses such as touch, smell, vision, and audition, but they conceive of the world in terms of objects, events, agents, and their mental states. A fundamental question in cognitive science is how nature and nurture contribute to the development of such conceptual categories. What innate mechanisms do children bring to the learning problem? How does experience contribute to development? In this article we discuss insights into these longstanding questions from cognitive neuroscience studies of blindness. Despite drastically different sensory experiences, behavioural and neuroscientific work suggests that blind children acquire typical concepts of objects, actions, and mental states. Blind people think and talk about these categories in ways that are similar to sighted people. Neuroimaging reveals that blind people make such judgements relying on the same neural mechanisms as sighted people. One way to interpret these findings is that neurocognitive development is largely hardwired, and so differences in experience have little consequence. Contrary to this interpretation, neuroimaging studies also show that blindness profoundly reorganizes the visual system. Most strikingly, developmental blindness enables “visual” circuits to participate in high-level cognitive functions, including language processing. Thus, blindness qualitatively changes sensory representations, but leaves conceptual representations largely unchanged. The effect of sensory experience on concepts is modest, despite the brain's potential for neuroplasticity.

Activity-Induced Remodeling of Olfactory Bulb Microcircuits Revealed by Monosynaptic Tracing

The continued addition of new neurons to mature olfactory circuits represents a remarkable mode of cellular and structural brain plasticity. However, the anatomical configuration of newly established circuits, the types and numbers of neurons that form new synaptic connections, and the effect of sensory experience on synaptic connectivity in the olfactory bulb remain poorly understood. Using in vivo electroporation and monosynaptic tracing, we show that postnatal-born granule cells form synaptic connections with centrifugal inputs and mitral/tufted cells in the mouse olfactory bulb. In addition, newly born granule cells receive extensive input from local inhibitory short axon cells, a poorly understood cell population. The connectivity of short axon cells shows clustered organization, and their synaptic input onto newborn granule cells dramatically and selectively expands with odor stimulation. Our findings suggest that sensory experience promotes the synaptic integration of new neurons into cell type-specific olfactory circuits.

The role of N-methyl- d-aspartate receptors in synaptic plasticity of rat visual cortex in vitro: effect of sensory experience

We examined the role of N-methyl- d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in synaptic plasticity of visual cortex of light (LR) and dark (DR) reared adult rats in vitro. Layer IV stimulation resulted in field potentials in layer II/III, consisting of two excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) called EPSP1 and EPSP2. Tetanic stimulation induced long-term potentiation (LTP) in EPSP2 of both LR and DR visual cortices. NMDA receptor antagonist d, L-2-amino-5-phosphono-valeric acid (AP5) completely blocked the LTP of EPSP2 in DR visual cortex while it reduced slightly the extent of LTP of EPSP2 in LR ones. Another NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine blocked potentiation of EPSP1 as well as EPSP2 in both groups. Our findings demonstrate that dependency of LTP on NMDA receptors and/or sensitivity of these receptors to the antagonists are different in LR and DR animals.

Neural Systems Mediating American Sign Language: Effects of Sensory Experience and Age of Acquisition

ERPs were recorded from deaf and hearing native signers and from hearing subjects who acquired ASL late or not at all as they viewed ASL signs that formed sentences. The results were compared across these groups and with those from hearing subjects reading English sentences. The results suggest that there are constraints on the organization of the neural systems that mediate formal languages and that these are independent of the modality through which language is acquired. These include different specializations of anterior and posterior cortical regions in aspects of grammatical and semantic processing and a bias for the left hemisphere to mediate aspects of mnemonic functions in language. Additionally, the results suggest that the nature and timing of sensory and language experience significantly impact the development of the language systems of the brain. Effects of the early acquisition of ASL include an increased role for the right hemisphere and for parietal cortex and this occurs in both hearing and deaf native signers. An increased role of posterior temporal and occipital areas occurs in deaf native signers only and thus may be attributable to auditory deprivation.

Effect of sensory experiences on initiating and continuing anti-hypertensive treatment: Daniel Meyer, University of Wisconsin - Mount Sinai Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI 53201; Howard Leventhal; Mary C. Gutmann; Frank D. Gutmann; Thomas C. Jackson

Manganese (Mn), an established neurotoxicant, is a common component of welding fume. The neurological phenotype associated with welding exposures has not been well described. Prior epidemiologic evidence linking occupational welding to parkinsonism is mixed, and remains controversial.This was a cross-sectional and nested case–control study to investigate the prevalence and phenotype of parkinsonism among 811 shipyard and fabrication welders recruited from trade unions. Two reference groups included 59 non-welder trade workers and 118 newly diagnosed, untreated idiopathic PD patients. Study subjects were examined by a movement disorders specialist using the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale motor subsection 3 (UPDRS3). Parkinsonism cases were defined as welders with UPDRS3 score ≥15. Normal was defined as UPDRS3 < 6. Exposure was classified as intensity adjusted, cumulative years of welding. Adjusted prevalence ratios for parkinsonism were calculated in relation to quartiles of welding years.The overall prevalence estimate of parkinsonism was 15.6% in welding exposed workers compared to 0% in the reference group. Among welders, we observed a U-shaped dose–response relation between weighted welding exposure-years and parkinsonism. UPDRS3 scores for most domains were similar between welders and newly diagnosed idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD) patients, except for greater frequency of rest tremor and asymmetry in PD patients.This work-site based study among welders demonstrates a high prevalence of parkinsonism compared to nonwelding-exposed workers and a clinical phenotype that overlaps substantially with PD.