Effectiveness Of Self-management Program Research Articles

The Impact of Self-Management Program on Quality of Life and Neurological Function in Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review

Background: Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability with a high global prevalence, including in Indonesia, which has the second highest stroke mortality rate in Asia. Self-management is a promising rehabilitation strategy to improve post-stroke patients' quality of life (QoL) and neurological function. However, the results of previous studies are still varied and inconsistent. Purpose: To evaluate evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the effectiveness of self-management programs in enhancing quality of life (QoL) and neurological function among stroke patients, to provide evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice Methods: The systematic review screened RCT studies from PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and ClinicalKey databases published in the last 5 years. The inclusion criteria are based on the principle of PICOS, with interventions in self-management programs, QoL outcomes, and neurological functions—quality assessment using the CASP Checklist for RCTs. Results: Of the 2020 articles identified, 11 studies with 3,892 participants met the criteria. The self-management programs used varied, including telerehabilitation, physical exercise, personalized music, and multifaceted interventions. The duration of the program ranges from 3 to 52 weeks. Most studies showed significant improvements in QoL and neurological function of stroke patients. Conclusion: Self-management programs are effective in improving the QoL and neurological function of stroke patients, with effectiveness affected by the type of intervention and the program duration. These findings support the implementation of self-management programs in evidence-based stroke rehabilitation.

The effects of diabetes self-management programs on clinical and patient reported outcomes in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

With diabetes self-management continuing to become more complex for older adults, self-management programs have been shown to support this population in meeting their multifaceted medical needs. Building on our previous systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to update the literature on the effectiveness of diabetes self-management programs and investigate the impact of specific self-management interventions on clinical and patient-reported outcomes. We updated our literature search in the following databases: Medline, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane Database of Randomized Controlled Trials from November 2013 to July 2023 for studies that may fit our inclusion criteria. Two independent reviewers screened and extracted data from the included group of studies. A total of 17 studies with 21 comparison arms met the inclusion criteria, totalling 5976 older adults (3510 individuals randomized to self-management programming and 2466 to usual care). The pooled effectiveness of diabetes self-management programs in older adults on glycemic control (hemoglobin A1C) was a reduction of -0.32 (95% CI -0.44, -0.19). Specifically, the most effective approach on glycemic control (A1C) was the use of feedback (-0.52%; 95% CI -0.68, -0.36). Overall, self-management programs improved behaviour change outcomes, with feedback interventions being most effective (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.91; 95% CI 0.39, 1.43). The effect of self-management programs on body mass index, weight and lipids were statistically and clinically significant. The evidence for diabetes self-management programs for older adults demonstrates a small but clinically meaningful reduction in A1C, improvement in patient-reported outcomes (behaviour, self-efficacy, knowledge), and other clinical outcomes (BMI, weight and lipids). The specific strategy used in diabetes self-management programs for older adults should be considered to achieve optimal results on outcomes.

A self-managed exercise therapy program for wrist osteoarthritis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundPost-traumatic wrist osteoarthritis (OA) can eventually lead to pain, muscular weakness, and stiffness of the wrist, which can affect the function of the entire upper limb and reduce the quality of life. Although there is strong evidence that all patients with OA should be offered adequate education and exercises as a first-line treatment, an effective self-management program, including structured education and therapeutic exercises, has not yet been introduced for individuals with wrist OA. This trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an exercise therapy program with joint protective strategies to improve neuromuscular control (intervention group) compared to a training program with range of motion exercises (control group).MethodsThis is a single-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT) with two treatment arms in patients with symptomatic and radiographically confirmed wrist OA. The trial will be conducted at a hand surgery department. The participants will be randomly assigned either to a neuromuscular exercise therapy program or to a training program with range of motion exercises only. Participants in both groups will receive a wrist orthosis and structured education on wrist anatomy, pathophysiology, and joint protective self-management strategies. The programs consist of home exercises that will be performed twice a day for 12 weeks. The Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) is the primary outcome measure of pain and function. Wrist range of motion (ROM), grip strength, the Numeric Pain Rating scale (NPRS), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Global Rating of Change (GROC), and conversion to surgery are the secondary measures of outcome. Assessments will be performed at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months after baseline by a blinded assessor.DiscussionThe upcoming results from this trial may add new knowledge about the effectiveness of a self-managed exercise therapy program on pain and function for individuals with wrist OA. If the present self-management program proves to be effective, it can redefine current treatment strategies and may be implemented in wrist OA treatment protocols.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05367817. Retrospectively registered on 27 April 2022. https://clinicaltrials.gov.

Perception of self-management and glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin injection therapy: A qualitative study

AimThe aim of this study was to explore the experience of self-management and glycaemic control in Chinese people with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin injection therapy. MethodsA qualitative descriptive design was adopted with individual, semi-structured interviews. Participants were selected by purposive sampling. All face-to-face interviews were conducted between December 2020 and January 2021. The interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Content analysis was used to analyse the interview data. ResultsA total of 27 participants were recruited and individually interviewed. Three themes were generated: integrating insulin injection therapy into daily self-management; experiencing uncertainty when coping with suboptimal glycaemic control; and self-management programmes for optimal diabetes control. ConclusionAll of our findings increase the understanding of self-management and glycaemic control in people with T2D receiving insulin injection therapy. Healthcare professionals should recognise the unmet needs of this cohort to promote their diabetes management. Appropriate and effective self-management programmes should be developed and implemented to alleviate the negative impacts of insulin injection therapy on diabetes management with consideration of cultural and personal context.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Breast Cancer Patients Toward Lymphedema Complications: Cross-Sectional Study.

Breast cancer is commonly treated through surgical resection, but a common complication of the procedure is lymphedema of the upper limbs, which can significantly impact patients' daily life. This study aims to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of breast cancer patients with regard to lymphedema complications. This cross-sectional study was conducted by a self-administered questionnaire between August and October 2022 toward breast cancer patients in our Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. A total of 529 breast cancer patients were enrolled, including 186 (35.16%) aged < 50years old. Participants had moderate knowledge, attitudes, and practices with scores of 18.24 ± 3.145 (possible range: 0-30), 62.24 ± 10.260 (possible range: 17-85), and 63.27 ± 20.967 (possible range: 21-105), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed that high school/technical secondary school (OR = 1.880, 95% CI = 1.107-3.194, P = 0.019) and being retired (OR = 0.482, 95% CI = 0.245-0.947, P = 0.034) were independently associated with good knowledge. Knowledge (OR = 1.321, 95% CI = 1.222-1.428, P < 0.001) was independently associated with a good attitude. Furthermore, knowledge (OR = 1.262, 95% CI = 1.151-1.384, P < 0.001) and attitude (OR = 1.122, 95% CI = 1.085-1.160, P < 0.001) were independently associated with good practice. Breast cancer patients have moderate knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding lymphedema complications. Effective education and self-management programs are needed to improve patients' KAP toward lymphedema.

Diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy and dietary, psychological and physical health barriers: Comparing young and usual-onset type 2 diabetes.

Young-onset (21-39 years old) type 2 diabetes (YOD) is associated with high complication rates and glycaemic levels, and poor self-management plays a significant role. Knowledge, skills and barriers influence self-management behaviours considerably. Therefore, this study assessed diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy and barriers (situational dietary barriers, physical health, mental health and diabetes-related distress) between participants with young and usual-onset (40-59 years old) (UOD) diabetes. A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Differences between YOD and UOD were analysed using bivariate analysis and effect sizes were estimated with Cohen's d. Differences were further adjusted by demographic factors (gender, ethnicity, marital status, educational level, income level) and diabetes duration. A total of 409 (97 YOD, 312 UOD) participants were recruited. Participants with YOD had lower self-efficacy levels (adjusted B = -0.19, CI -0.35 to -0.03) and higher dietary barriers (adjusted B = 3.6, CI 2.1-5.1), lower mental health scores (adjusted B = -3.5, CI -5.7 to -1.4) and higher diabetes-related distress levels (adjusted B = 0.2, CI 0.2-0.4). Our study found that participants with YOD faced more challenges with adapting to life with diabetes when compared with UOD. More effective self-management programmes are needed to support the multifaceted needs of adults with YOD.

Effect of Self Management Program on Health Outcomes of the Patients with Liver Cirrhosis

Effect of Self Management Program on Health Outcomes of the Patients with Liver Cirrhosis

The Effect of Self-Management Program on Adherence to Treatment Regimen in Patients with Hypertension

The Effect of Self-Management Program on Adherence to Treatment Regimen in Patients with Hypertension

A randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a self-management program for adolescents with a chronic condition: a study protocol

BackgroundSelf-management support is increasingly viewed as an integral part of chronic condition management in adolescence. It is well recognized that markers of chronic illness control deteriorate during adolescence. Due to the increasing prevalence of long-term chronic health conditions in childhood and improved survival rates of previously life-limiting conditions in children and adolescents, significant numbers of adolescents are having to manage their chronic condition effectively as they transition to adult health care. Therapy adherence has been identified as a major challenge for young people living with a chronic condition such as cystic fibrosis, diabetes, or asthma requiring long-term pharmacological therapy and/or lifestyle modifications. Most systematic reviews on self-management interventions address adult populations. Very few intervention studies are directed at adolescents with a chronic condition who are transitioning to adult health services. This protocol describes a prospective randomized controlled trial of a standardized self-management intervention program delivered to adolescents aged 15–18 years prior to their transfer to adult care. This study has been designed to provide evidence regarding self-management programs for adolescents and is the first study to use the Flinders Program with this important, under-researched age group.MethodsA randomized controlled trial is used to investigate the effectiveness of a modified adolescent-friendly version of an adult self-management program. This program is directed at improving self-management in an adolescent cohort 15–18 years of age with a chronic condition being treated in a specialist pediatric hospital. Participants will be randomized to either usual care or the modified Flinders Program plus usual care. Data collection will include measures of specific illness control, unscheduled hospital admissions, and questionnaires to record self-management competencies, quality of life, self-efficacy, and outcome measures specific to the chronic condition at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after delivery.DiscussionThis study will provide a better understanding of the elements required for effective self-management programs in adolescents with a chronic condition and address some important knowledge gaps in current literature. The study will be carried out in collaboration with the Discipline of Behavioural Health at Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia, in order to inform the development of an adolescent version of the successful and validated Flinders Program™.Trial registrationAustralian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12621000390886). Registered on April 8, 2021.

A-156 Development of an Online Intervention to Reduce Internalized Stigma in Epilepsy

Abstract Objective: Stigma is common in people with epilepsy (PWE), detracting from quality of life. Yet, no effective anti-stigma self-management programs exist for PWE. Here, we showcase a multidisciplinary team’s effort to create a telehealth-accessible anti-stigma intervention. Method: Systematic review of empirical and theoretical research on epilepsy stigma was leveraged to create an online anti-stigma program for PWE. Drawing on experience in epilepsy care, intervention development, and digital health solutions, two neuropsychologists, a neurologist, and a computer engineer engaged in iterative biweekly meetings for one-year to determine critical intervention components. Results: Four critical intervention components were identified: 1) stress management to combat negative affect caused by stigma, 2) stigma education around PWE’s self-limiting internalized experience of discrimination (i.e., “stigma thoughts”), 3) cognitive restructuring of “stigma thoughts”, and 4) problem solving to overcome stigma challenges. A self-administered, modular, online platform with built-in demonstration and interactive practice exercises was developed accordingly. Module one emphasizes deep breathing, relaxation, mindfulness, and visualization techniques. Module two presents vignettes derived from the lives of real PWE and teaches users to recognize stigma thoughts in others and themselves. Module three teaches users to apply cognitive reframing skills to unbalanced stigma-related thoughts. Module four guides users to apply problem-solving skills to everyday stigma challenges experienced by PWE. Conclusion: Drawing on research, theory, and collaborative multidisciplinary interaction, psychoeducational content employing a cognitive-behavioral framework was adapted to a self-administered, modular, online platform to mitigate the stigma felt by PWE. Future research will elicit feedback on the intervention’s concept, features, and content from community stakeholders with epilepsy.

The effect of self-management programs on post-stroke social participation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective The aim of this study was to identify the effectiveness of self-management programs on the improvement of social participation among stroke survivors. Data Sources: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science database, EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL plus, and APA PsycArticles were searched from their inception to December 20, 2021. Methods We considered randomized controlled trials and non-randomized controlled trials without language limits. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, evaluated risk of bias using the Cochrane’s risk of bias tool, scored the methodological quality using criteria of the Australian Evidence-based Health Care Center, and extracted the data. The outcome was social participation. RevMan 5.3 was used, and intergroup differences were determined by calculating standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Of 1894 initial studies, totally 15 studies met the eligible criteria, consisting of six randomized controlled trials and nine non-randomized controlled trials. Four randomized controlled trials showed high methodological quality and two demonstrated medium quality. The randomized controlled trials involved a total of 430 stroke survivors and were published between 2007 and 2020. The meta-analysis from five randomized controlled trials demonstrates that the overall effect of self-management programs on social participation was not statistically significant (95% CI, -0.23 to 0.40; p = 0.61). Most of the non-randomized controlled trials were pre-/post-test design with an average sample size of 15.4. The effect of self-management program on social participation in most non-randomized controlled trials was insignificant as well. Conclusion The self-management programs seem not to be superior to usual care for the improvement on social participation in stroke survivors based on current evidence. Further well-designed investigation considering social participation as the primary outcome is still warranted.

Effect of Self-management Program on Self-Efficacy, Quality of Life, and Depression in Patients with Mild cognitive impairment

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 안정적인 지역사회 통합돌봄을 실현하기 위한 효율적인 운영 및 역할강화 방안에 대해 모색하는 것이다. 연구방법: 2022년 1월 1일부터 2월 11일까지 전국의 보건의료복지 종사자 총 206명을 대상으로 노인장기요양보험제도의 역할 인식도 설문조사를 실시하였다. 직종 및 소속기관에 따른 인식 차이를 알아보기 위해 일원배치 분산분석(ANOVA)과 크루스칼 왈리스 검정(Kruskal-Wallis test)을 실시하였다. 연구결과: 직종에 따른 영역별 인식 차이를 분석한 결과, 현실태는 지역사회 자원발굴 및 연계를 통한 효율적인 전달체계 구축, 다양한 형태의 개별 맞춤형 서비스 영역에서 유의한 차이가 나타났고(p<.05), 필요도는 사례관리 강화 및 체계화, 다양한 서비스 확대 영역에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). 소속기관에 따른 영역별 인식 차이를 분석한 결과, 현실태는 다양한 형태의 개별 맞춤형 서비스 영역에서 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 필요도는 사례관리 강화 및 체계화, 포괄적⋅효율적 전달체계 마련, 다양한 서비스 확대 영역에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). 결론: 보건의료서비스 제공 대상자들의 노인장기요양보험 역할에 대한 현실태 인식보다 필요도 인식이 높았으며, 보건의료서비스를 연계한 전문적인 재가서비스 강화와 다양한 서비스 확대에 대한 필요도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 향후 안정적이고 지속가능한 지역사회 통합돌봄을 제공하기 위해 노인장기요양보험의 역할 강화 뿐만 아니라 다양한 제도 및 재정 기반 시스템들과 효율적으로 연계할 수 있는 방안마련 또한 필요할 것이다.

Pilot Results of a Digital Hypertension Self-management Program Among Adults With Excess Body Weight: Single-Arm Nonrandomized Trial.

BackgroundHome-measured blood pressure (HMBP) in combination with comprehensive medication support and lifestyle change are the mainstays of evidence-based hypertension (HTN) management. To date, the precise components needed for effective HTN self-management programs have yet to be defined, and access to multicomponent targeted support for HTN management that include telemonitoring remain inaccessible and costly.ObjectiveThe aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the impact of a digital HTN self-management program on blood pressure (BP) control among adults with excess body weight.MethodsA single-arm, nonrandomized trial was performed to evaluate a digital HTN self-management program that combines comprehensive lifestyle counseling with HTN education, guided HMBP, support for taking medications, and led by either a registered nurse or certified diabetes care and education specialist. A sample of 151 participants were recruited using a web-based research platform (Achievement Studies, Evidation Health Inc). The primary outcome was change in systolic BP from baseline to 3 months, and secondary outcomes included change in diastolic BP and medication adherence.ResultsParticipants’ mean age was 44.0 (SD 9.3) years and mean BP was 139/85 mm Hg. At follow-up, systolic and diastolic BP decreased by 7 mm Hg (P<.001, 95% CI –9.3 to –4.7) and 4.7 mm Hg (P<.001, 95% CI –6.3 to –3.2), respectively. Participants who started with baseline BP at goal remained at goal. For participants with stage 1 HTN, systolic and diastolic BP decreased by 3.6 mm Hg (P=.09, 95% CI –7.8 to 0.6) and 2.5 mm Hg (P=.03, 95% CI –4.9 to –0.3). Systolic and diastolic BP decreased by 10.3 mm Hg (P<.001, 95% CI –13.4 to –7.1) and 6.5 mm Hg (P<.001, 95% CI –8.6 to –4.4), respectively, for participants with stage 2 HTN. Medication adherence significantly improved (P=.02).ConclusionsThis pilot study provides initial evidence that a digital HTN self-management program improves BP and medication adherence.

Effects of self-management programs on behavioral modification among individuals with chronic disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

The prevalence of chronic disease associated with unhealthy lifestyles has been increasing worldwide. Health professionals have recognized that self-management programs (SMPs) can provide health benefits by promoting health behaviors, especially when applied to individuals with lifestyle-related chronic disease. This review performed a meta-analysis of the features of SMPs using randomized studies and analyzed the magnitude of the combined effects of self-management on behavioral modification. We searched the PubMed, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, DBpia, and KISS to identify randomized trials that evaluated the behavioral outcomes of SMPs. Subgroup analyses were performed for program duration, providers, type of comparisons, and program settings. We selected 25 studies (N = 5,681) to perform analyses with random-effects models. The effect sizes of SMPs were small but significant for physical activity (standardized difference in means [SDM] = 0.25), dietary habits (SDM = 0.28), and health responsibility (SDM = 0.18), and not significant for stress management and smoking behaviors. A short-term SMPs (less than 12 weeks) was indicated as being effective in modifying physical activity, dietary habits, and health responsibility, while the program effects on dietary habits were significant only with expert-delivered education and when compared with inactive controls. The findings of this study indicate that SMPs can effectively improve physical activity, dietary habits, and health responsibility in individuals with chronic disease, with a small but significant effect size. Future studies should explore the effects of SMPs on stress management and smoking cessation and assess the long-term maintenance of healthy lifestyles in individuals with lifestyle-related chronic disease.

The effect of self-management program on perceived social support of family caregivers of stroke patients

Background and aims: Stroke is the first leading cause of disability in adults. Long-term disability after stroke necessitates long-term caregiving by family members. The family caregivers (FCGs) of patients with stroke (PWS) experience different problems and hence, require self-management (SM) skills. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of an SM program based on Strauss and Corbin’s SM model on perceived social support (PSS) among the FCGs of PWS. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2019–2020. Participants were eighty FCGs of PWS who were hospitalized in Kashani hospital, Shahrekord, Iran. They were purposefully- recruited and randomly allocated to a control and an intervention group. An SM program based on Strauss and Corbin’s SM model was implemented in six ninety-minute sessions for participants in the intervention group. The Multidimensional Scale of PSS was used for PSS assessment before, immediately after, and two months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software (v. 16.0). Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the pretest mean score of PSS (P=0.76), while the mean score of PSS in the intervention group was significantly greater than the control group at both posttests (P&lt;0.05). Moreover, the mean score of PSS in the control group did not significantly change across the three measurement time points (P&gt;0.05), but significantly increased in the intervention group (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: SM program based on Strauss and Corbin’s SM model is effective in significantly improving PSS among the FCGs of PWS. Therefore, nurses and other healthcare providers can use this program for the FCGs of PWS.

Effect of Self-management Program on Self-Efficacy, Quality of Life, and Depression in Patients with Mild cognitive impairment

Effect of Self-management Program on Self-Efficacy, Quality of Life, and Depression in Patients with Mild cognitive impairment

A perspective piece on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) programmes for under-represented groups with T2DM in the UK

Self-management is critical for optimisation of diabetes care, and diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) programmes are well recognised to improve biomedical, behavioural and psychological outcomes for people living with diabetes. The aim of this perspective piece is (1) to delineate the barriers experienced by under-represented groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and (2) to evaluate the role of targeted interventions and digital health as potential solutions to address these barriers and bridge the gaps in diabetes care. Common barriers to accessing DSMES programmes include practical issues such as timing and location, as well as psychological barriers such as stigma. Available evidence shows that tailoring diabetes self-management programmes to fit with people’s culture or specific needs increases effectiveness and acceptability of DSMES programmes in seldom heard groups. Digital-based self-management programmes have the opportunity to reach a vast number of individuals and offer an alternative source to empower people with T2DM. However, technology may also widen health inequalities and increase social isolation. Therefore, further research is required to establish bespoke and effective diabetes self-management programmes for under-represented individuals with T2DM.

Relationship between Occupational Identity Post-Stroke and Outcomes of a Self-Management Participation-Focused Intervention: A Preliminary Investigation

Self-management programs are used to assist stroke survivors to manage their condition and participation. This study was designed to examine correlations between occupational identity and outcomes of participation-focused self-management program using the Occupational Performance History Interview for the occupational identity and participation and self-efficacy as outcome measures. Spearman’s rho correlations were calculated between occupational Identity and the program’s outcomes. Results showed moderate significant positive correlations with self-efficacy for self-management and self-efficacy for participation scales at baseline; few were found at post-intervention and follow-up. Non-significant correlations were found between occupational identity and the change in outcome measures from baseline to post-intervention and to follow-up. Findings suggest occupational identity is strongly related to self-efficacy after stroke, and less related to intervention outcomes. However, other factors may possibly affect the effectiveness of self-management programs for a stroke population. Exploration of these factors might help develop programs better tailored to each stroke survivor.

The experiences of living with a transplanted kidney from a deceased donor.

Kidney transplantation is considered an optimal treatment option for patients with end-stage kidney disease in terms of survival rate, quality of life and cost-effectiveness. However, posttransplant life involves many medical, psychological and social challenges for transplant recipients. Understanding individuals' challenges and needs after transplantation is a prerequisite for developing effective patient education and self-management programmes. To explore how individuals experience life with a transplanted kidney from a deceased donor. The purposive sample included eight kidney transplant recipients. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Three main themes emerged from the data and each one presents a certain aspect of the posttransplant experience: an inner struggle to find a new normality (personal level), me and the others (relational level) and only between me, my donor and god (spiritual level). The experience of receiving a kidney from a deceased donor represents a complex psychological challenge for recipients. The study is unique as it shows the spiritual dimension of the transplantation experience and how the recipients' views on transplantation and organ donation are shaped by their religious and cultural background, indicating the importance of a holistic nursing approach.

Effect of Self-Management Program on Self-efficacy regarding Osteoporosis Risk among Diabetic Patients

Background: Prevalence of osteoporosis is high among diabetes patients. Assessment of self-efficacy regarding osteoporosis risk as well as patient education should be included as part of the self-management of diabetes. Aim:To evaluate the effect of a self management program on self-efficacy regarding osteoporosis risk among diabetic patients. Methods:A quasi-experimental (pre-posttest) research design was conducted on 90 diabetic patients who admitted in the internal medicine department at Assiut university hospital. Data were collected via pre-postintervention and at 3-month follow-up.Patient assessment sheet, Demographic and medical data, the new One-Minute osteoporosis risk test, and Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES) were used. Results:The majority of participants had moderate osteoporosis risk. There was a significant improvement in self-efficacy after self-care management program application.There was a statistically significant difference between diabetes management self-efficacy scores and the new one-minute osteoporosis risk test levels. Conclusion:A positive effects of self-care management regarding osteoporosis among studied patients with diabetes on self-efficacy scores.Recommendations:Relevant forms and visual information to facilitate educating diabetic patients regarding osteoporosis ought to be accessible and given to each diabetic patient.