Effect Of Seeding Rate Research Articles

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Seed rates on Yield and Yield Components of Bread Wheat in the Irrigated Condition of South West Shewa, Central Highland of Ethiopia

Inappropriate seed density and fertilizer management can lead to unstable crop yields. Excessive fertilizer application can potentially cause yield loss and nitrogen (N) leaching that leads to environmental pollution. The aim of this study was to explore the optimal N application rate and seed rate on bread wheat with different nitrogen responding under irrigation condition at two experimental sites in the South West Shewa, Ethiopia. A year field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of five N application rates (N0, N23, N46, N69, and N92) and three seed rates on bread wheat yield components like; - aboveground biomass, harvest index, number of tillers per plant, spike length, number of kernels per plant, grain yield and net return. The results showed that N application rate and seed rate were significantly interaction (P< 0.05) effect on aboveground biomass, harvest index, number of tillers per plant, spike length, number of kernels per plant and grain yield. Generally, spike length, number of tillers per plant and number of kernels per spike of wheat were increased with increased at some level in nitrogen fertilizer rate for the three seed rate at both locations. Highest number of kernels per spike (42.00, 44.00) and the highest mean above ground biomass yield (13.70 t ha<sup>-1</sup>, 7.5 t ha<sup>-1</sup>) were obtained for 150 kg ha <sup>-1</sup> seed rate with 69 N kg ha<sup>-1</sup> application at Ameya and Woliso sites respectively. The highest net benefit of 171531.88 EB ha<sup>-1</sup> with marginal rate of return of 351.14% was obtained from 175 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> seed rate with application of 69 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup>. Therefore, 175 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> seed rate with application of 69 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> is economical feasible for bread wheat production at Ameya area and also the highest net benefit of 51675 EB ha<sup>-1</sup> with marginal rate of return of 115.22% was obtained from 150 kg ha <sup>-1</sup> seed rate with application of 69 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> at Woliso area.

Relationship of seeding rate to biological nitrogen fixation and seed production of red clover in Saskatchewan

In Saskatchewan, red clover is often grown for seed production. However, there is no recognized or data supported seeding rate for seed production of red clover in Saskatchwan. The objectives of this study were to identify an optimal seeding rate for seed production and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and to examine their relationships under semi-arid conditions. This experiment was conducted under field conditions using six different seeding rates (0.5, 2.5, 4.5, 6.5, 8.5 and 10.5 kg ha-1) at Melfort and Clavet, SK in 2018 and 2019, and seed yield, biomass, plant density, and BNF were measured. In our study, red clover was able to compensate for the range of seeding rates between 2.5 and 10.5 kg ha-1 without seed yield loss and BNF reduction, whereas biomass production and BNF were higher at 4.5 kg ha-1 seeding rate than in 0.5 kg ha-1 at Melfort, but no seeding rate effects were found at Clavet. Regardless of location, biomass was always positively correlated with BNF. However, no association was found between seed yield and BNF. Our results suggest that 4.5 kg ha-1 is ideal for seed production, BNF and biomass production of red clover in Saskatchewan.

The Effects of Different Seed Rates on Yield and Economical Feasibility of Mustard (Brassica juncea)

Rapeseed-mustard plant (Brassica juncea)” is any one of several plant species in the genera Brassica, Rhamphospermum and Sinapis in the family Brassicaceae (the mustard family). Mustard seed is used as a spice. Grinding and mixing the seeds with water, vinegar, or other liquids creates the yellow condiment known as prepared mustard. The seeds can also be pressed to make mustard oil, and the edible leaves can be eaten as mustard greens. Many vegetables are cultivated varieties of mustard plants; domestication may have begun 6,000 years ago. Mustard is a popular condiment, commonly it is a popular condiment made from the seeds of the mustard plant. It can be prepared using white/yellow mustard, brown mustard, or black mustard seeds mixed with liquids, salt, and other flavorings to create a paste or sauce. Mustard pairs well with meats, vegetables, and cheeses and is commonly used in sandwiches, hamburgers, and hot dogs. It is also used in dressings, glazes, sauces, and marinades around the world. The word "mustard" has origins in Latin and French, and archaeological evidence suggests mustard cultivation dates back to ancient civilizations like the Indus Valley. Mustard has a long history of culinary use, with the Romans likely being the first to experiment with mustard as a condiment. In France, Dijon became a renowned center for mustard making, and Dijon mustard is still highly regarded today. Mustard has various uses, such as a condiment, an ingredient in sauces and soups, and an emulsifier in dishes like Hollandaise sauce. The flavor and heat of mustard depend on the seed type and preparation method. Mustard offers nutritional benefits such as vitamins, minerals, and omega-3 fatty acids. Mustard plants is used for producing edible oil for human, oil-cake for feeding animals, sauce, spices, medicine and other purposes in Afghanistan. Mustard has a long history in Afghanistan and is mostly cultivated in the Northern provinces such as Baghlan, Kunduz, Thakkar, Samangan and etc. For the above-mentioned importance of Mustard, we decided to apply a research on seed rates to fine the desirable seed rate of mustard crop for Afghan Mustard growers. Seed rates are one of the important factors, which the suitable seed rates prevent from the economic loss of farmers. This research accomplished in the title of “The effects of different seed rates on yield and growth components of mustard (Brassica juncea)” The research was designed in a complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and five treatments. The data were collected from growth parameters such as plant height, number branches plant-1, number of leaves plant-1 as well as yield parameters such as number of pods plan-1, number of seeds plant-1, seed yield kg ha-1, dry matter kg ha-1 and biological yield kg ha-1. The collected data were analyzed using excel, OPSTAT online testing program, statistical tool for agricultural research (STAR). Based on the statistical analysis the significant differences were observed in all parameters at (P≥0.05. Least significant difference (LSD) was used to compare treatments. A positive correlation was also recognized between growth and yield parameters. Mostly treatment three (15 cm) space between rows performed high influence then the other treatments. We recommend much more research to find the best space between plant to plant and row to row. For the moment the farmers of Afghanistan can use the result of this research on their field for obtaining high yield from Mustard.

Effect of Seeding Rates and Genetic Compositions on some Growth and Yield Traits of European Rye (Secale cereale L.)

Effect of Seeding Rates and Genetic Compositions on some Growth and Yield Traits of European Rye (Secale cereale L.)

Soybean planting date and seeding rate effect on germinability and vigor of harvested seed

AbstractSeed is one of the most crucial inputs for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production due to its influence on plant population, uniformity, and yield, as well as its cost as an input. Seeds of good quality have high germinability and vigor, providing an adequate stand with uniformly good growth and development even under adverse conditions. This study aimed to measure the effect of soybean planting date and seeding rate on harvested seed mass, seed germinability, and seed vigor. Seeds were collected from a field experiment during the 2020 and 2021 growing seasons at two locations in Ohio: Western Agricultural Research Station and Northwest Agricultural Research Station. The study was conducted using a split‐plot randomized complete block design (planting date–whole plot; seeding rate–subplot) with four replications. Standard germination and accelerated aging tests were conducted in the laboratory using seeds harvested from the field study. All four site‐years demonstrated that planting soybean very late (June 16–July 1) produced lower weight seeds than the other planting dates. Across planting date and seeding rate treatments, the harvested seed germinability was ≥94%. However, soybean planted in early June (June 1–June 15) had the lowest seed vigor results (64%–81%) compared to other planting dates (80%–89%). Rainfall at R7–R8 development stages is negatively correlated with the seed vigor. The results will help seed producers optimize seed production and quality and suggest avoiding planting in June to increase harvested seed vigor.

Evaluation of the Productive Traits of Genotypes of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) by the Effect of Seeding Rate

A field experiment was carried out in the Tikrit Research Department - Agricultural Research Department - Ministry of Agriculture in the season 2021-2022 in order to know the effect of four seed rates (100, 120, 140 and 160 kg h-1) with fifteen genotypes of barley (Ibaa99, Alhadar, Alkheer, Alwarkaa, Buraq, Amal, Shuaa, Rehan, Samir, Arevate, Acsad 1811, Acsad 1816, Acsad 1818, Acsad 1827, Acsad 1840). The experiment was applied according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a split plot system, as the (S) occupied the main plots and the (G) occupied the secondary plots, with three replications,. The results showed that the seed rate (120 kg h-1) differed significantly from the other seed rates, thus achieving the best averages for the number of seeds of spike-1, weight of 1000 grains, grain yield, harvest index, and grain protein content, and achieved the seed rate 100 kg h-1 in giving the lowest lodging. The performance of the genotypes was significant, The cultivar Arevate also gave the highest average plant height, No. of tillers m-2, No. of spikes m-2, biological yield, The genotype Acsad 1840 gave the lowest index of lodging and the highest grain yield. The interaction between (G*S) achieved significant differences, It gave the seed rate 100 kg h-1 with the Acsad 1840 less lodging and with the Acsad 1816 had the highest number of tillers m-2 and with the Acsad 1811 the highest weight of 1000 seeds, The seed rate 120 kg h-1 with Alwarkaa cultivar achieved the highest number of grains in the spike, and with the combination Acsad 1816 the highest yield of grains, and with the genotype Acsad 1811 the highest percentage of protein in the seeds.

Effect of Weeds and Seeding Rate on Some Growth Characteristics and Oil Content of Three Cultivars of Flax

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2020-2021 in a farmer’s field in the Abu Flis area, which is located in the Al-Habbaniyah district of Anbar province, Iraq. The objective was to study the effect of two weeding treatments (weed free and weedy treatment throughout the growing season) and three seeding rates (30, 40, and 50 kg ha−1) on some growth and oil percent % characteristics of three cultivars of flax (local, Sakha 4, and Sakha 6). The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with a split-split plot arrangement with three replicates. The results showed that the weedy treatment led to a significant decrease in plant height, stem diameter, root dry weight, and the number of main and fruiting branches per plant by 5.16%, 20.73%, 32.42%, 56.18%, and 46.24%, respectively, compared to the weed free treatment Seeding rates also had a significant effect on most of the studied characteristics. The seeding rate of 30 kg ha−1 resulted in the highest weeds density and the highest average stem diameter, root dry weight, and the number of main and fruiting branches per plant, while recording the lowest plant height.

Effect of Different Seeding Rates on Growth and Yield of Common Bean

Legumes are one of the most important sources of protein in the diet of many people in developing countries. The protein content of legumes is about twice that of grains, and plant based production of legumes has numerous advantages over animal protein supply in terms of cost and consumer health; the best plant based protein belongs to the common bean, which contains all essential amino acids for the human body. The experiment laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications; a field experiment was conducted at the agriculture faculty of Kunduz University farm during the cropping season of 2023; the study aimed to investigate the effect of different seeding rates on the growth and yield of common bean viz. 125 kg/ha, 150 kg/ha, 175 kg/ha, 200 kg/ha and 225 kg/ha. The result showed that the best seeding rate was 200 kg/ha, which resulted in significantly higher plant height (39.87cm), leaf area (335.88cm2), brunches/plant (9.89), dry Matter (6.43 gr/plant), pods/plant (13.27), seeds/pod (5.26), 100 seed weight (30.80gr), grain yield (2210.99 kg/ha), Stover yield (4500.00 kg/ha), gross return (265319 AFN/ha), net return (229233 AFN/ha) and B: Cost of Ratio (6.33) followed by seeding of 175 kg/ha, the minimum growth and yield were in seeding rate of 125 kg/ha. It can be concluded that selecting the appropriate seeding rate is crucial for optimizing the growth and yield of common beans.

Soybean planting date and seeding rate effect on grain yield and profitability

AbstractTimely soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] planting is ideal for maximizing grain yield. However, weather conditions often limit farmers’ ability to plant timely. The objectives of this study were to (a) measure the effect of soybean planting date and seeding rate on grain yield, (b) identify the agronomic optimum seeding rate (AOSR; the seeding rate where soybean yield is maximized), and (c) compare the net economic return of the base treatment (May 10 to 31 planting date and 370,000 seeds ha−1 seeding rate) to the other treatment combinations. The experiment was conducted in 2020 and 2021 in Ohio at the Western (WARS) and Northwest (NWARS) Agricultural Research Stations with a split‐plot randomized complete block design with four replications. The whole plot factor was four planting dates ranging from April 25 through July 1, and the sub‐plot factor was five seeding rates ranging from 123,500 to 618,000 seeds ha−1. When water was not limiting, soybean planted in April and May yielded 8% to 26% more than soybean planted late June. In general, planting in May resulted in a lower AOSR (247,000 to 303,000 seeds ha−1), compared to planting in June, where AOSR ranged from 430,000 to 618,000 seeds ha−1. Comparative net economic return was the lowest (from $237 ha−1 to $938 ha−1) when soybean was planted after mid‐June at 123,500 seeds ha−1. These findings can help farmers improve soybean grain yield by adjusting their seeding rate based on planting date to maximize profitability.

Effect of Phosphorus Fertilizer and Seed Rates on Growth and Yield of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L) in Kunduz, Afghanistan

A field experiment was conducted on the Effect of phosphorus fertilizer and seed rates on the growth and yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) at the Farm of the agriculture faculty of Kunduz University during the spring season of 2023 to determine the optimum rates of phosphorus fertilizer and seed rates for maximum yield of common bean in the northeast of Afghanistan (Kunduz province). The treatment consists of three phosphorus levels (0kgP2O5ha-1, 40kgP2O5ha-1 and 80kgP2O5ha-1) and four combined seed rates (125 kgha-1, 150 kgha-1, 175 kgha-1 and 200 kg ha-1) laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results revealed that phosphorus levels and different seed rates significantly affected on growth, yield attributes and yield of common bean on plant height, Leaf area/plant (cm2), Brunches/plant, Root dry weight/plant(g), Nodules/pant, No. of notes/plant, Pods/plant, Seeds/pod, 100 seed weight, seed yield/plant(g) and Grain Yield t/ha, the highest plant height (44.10cm), Leaf area/plant (217.18cm2), Brunches/plant(11.75), Root dry weight/plant (2.282g), Nodules/pant (12.16), Leaves/plant (47.833), No. of notes/plant (7.88), Pods/plant (16.98), Seeds/pod (6.97), 100 seed weight(34.536), seed yield/plant(8.83g) and Grain Yield (2.20t/ha) was in treatments 80kgP2O5ha-1 respectively. Seed rates were also significantly affected in treatment 200 kg ha-1 except for harvest index; all other yield attributes and yield was significant; the highest yield attributes and yield was in seed rate 200 kg ha-1. Thus 80kgP2O5ha-1with 200 kg ha-1 was found to be the best combination under northeast of Afghanistan agro-ecology as it gave higher values for yield and most yield related traits.

Effect of Seeding Rate on Growth and Yield of Two Flaxseed Varieties (Linum usitatissimum L.)

The experiment was applied in the winter agricultural season 2021-2022 in the fields of the College of Agriculture and Forestry to study the effect of two varieties of flax (Sharda and Lenata) and four seeding rates (35, 45, 55 and 65 kg / ha) on growth and yield characteristics. A randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D.) was used with three replications. The results showed the superiority of Lenata variety in all traits compared to Sharda variety. The seeding rate was superior to 35 kg/ha in no. fruiting branches of the plant (4.7 fruiting branch/plant), no. plant leaves (124.2 leaf/plant), the chlorophyll content in the leaves (24.3 spad), the dry weight of the plant (8.9 spad), and no. plant capsules (13.7 capsules / plant), no. seeds per capsule (9.0 seeds / capsule), thousand seed weight (7.1 g), and the plant seed yield (0.8 g), while the seeding rate exceeded 65 kg / ha in plant height (38.6 cm) compared with the rest of the seeding rates. The effect of the two interaction was significant in all traits, as the interaction of the Lenata variety with the seeding rate of 35 kg / ha achieved the highest value in the plant seed yield, which was (0.8 g).

Effects of Seeding Rates and Sowing Times on Grain Yield and Yield Components in Rye (Scale cereale L.) Under Dry Condition

Rye is one of the most important cereals for marginal land and cold climates in Turkey. A 2 year experiment was conducted in Kırşehir, Turkey, to determine the impact of seeding rates and sowing times on rye (Secale cereale L. ‘Aslım 95). Rye seed was sown in different sowing times (1th October, 15th October, 1th November, 15th November and 1th December) at four seeding rates (300, 400, 500 and 600 seeds m−2). A split-plot design was used, with sowing times as main plots and seeding rates randomized as subplots. Grain yield tended to increase with earlier sowing dates and higher seeding rates, based on two-year means. Seeding rates and sowing dates interaction effects on grain yield were significant. Therefore, the highest grain yield with 397.7 kg da-1 was obtained from the highest seeding rate (600 seeds m−2) at the second sowing date (15th October). In contrast, the lowest grain yield (92.8 kg da-1) was obtained from the lowest seeding rate with the delayed sowing dates. It is concluded that the present study showed that the reduction in grain yield depended on sowing time and seeding rates, which led to a significant reduction of number of fertile spike per unit area.

Winter Rye Cover Crop Seeding Rate and Termination Timing Effects on Cover Crop Biomass and Quality

ABSTRACT Winter rye (Secale cereale L.) biomass and chemical composition influences decomposition rates, nutrient cycling and effects on cash crop growth. Management that maintains rye biomass while lowering carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) ratios and concentrations of structural carbohydrates including hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin could maintain some ecosystem services while accelerating nutrient cycling. Two independent studies examined (1) five rye seeding rates ranging from 0 to 90 kg ha−1 and (2) five termination dates ranging from April 19 to May 31 (585 to 1084 growing degree days) to understand management induced relationships between rye biomass, nutrient concentrations, and composition of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. Rye biomass increased at seeding rates of 90 kg ha−1 as compared to the 22–67 kg ha−1 seeding rates while trends toward higher plant structural components were observed as seeding rate increased. Rye biomass accumulated rapidly beyond 819 (May 13) growing degree days while increasing rye C:N ratio and concentrations of hemicellulose and cellulose. Rye C:N ratio was strongly correlated to rye biomass (R2 = 0.80, p < .001) with a C:N ratio of 25 associated with 2000 kg ha−1 of rye biomass. Changes in rye residue quality were strongly influenced by biomass accumulation with delaying termination most significantly driving biomass changes. Trends toward lower C:N ratios and concentrations of structural carbohydrates were seen at the 22–67 kg ha−1 seeding rates even without differences in biomass suggesting lower seeding rates could cycle nutrients quicker without limiting biomass production potential.

Effects of Variety and Seeding Rate on Performance of Sweet Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) at Holetta, in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia

The study was executed to evaluate the agro-morphological and nutritional performance of four narrow-leafed blue sweet lupin varieties (Australian lupin, Probor, Sanabor, and Vitabor) sown with five seeding rates (60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 kg/ha) during the main cropping seasons of 2014 and 2015 at Holetta in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Randomized complete block design replicated three times in factorial arrangements was used for experimenting. The lupin varieties were sown in rows with an inter-row spacing of 30 cm. At sowing, diammonium phosphate fertilizer at the rate of 100 kg/ha was uniformly applied for all treatments in both years. Data were collected on plant height, dry matter yield, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed yield, and nutritive value. All measured data were subjected to analysis of variance using procedures of SAS general linear model. The result revealed that plant height, number of pods per plant, and number of seeds per pod of lupin varieties were significantly (P&lt;0.001) affected by experimental years. The varietal difference was the major cause of variation (P&lt;0.05) for dry matter yield, the number of pods per plant, and seed yield. The Sanabor, Probor and Vitabor varieties had 38, 23, and 20% dry matter yield advantage over the introduced Australian lupin variety, respectively. The Sanabor variety which produced the highest seed yield had 25, 17, and 14% seed yield advantages over Vitabor, Australian lupin, and Probor variety, respectively. The seed yield performance of lupin varieties was positively correlated with the number of pods per plant while it was negatively correlated with the number of seeds per pod. The dry matter yield and number of seeds per pod were also significantly (P&lt;0.05) affected by seeding rates of lupin varieties. The dry matter yield of lupin varieties increased with increasing seeding rates indicating the tested lupin varieties had a low tillering performance. The number of seeds per pod of lupin varieties decreased with increasing seeding rates. On the other hand, the nutritive values did not differ significantly (P&gt;0.05) among the tested lupin varieties. However, Vitabor variety gave better CP and IVDMD followed by Australian lupin while Probor variety gave the lowest CP and IVDMD. Vitabor variety which exhibited better ash, CP, and IVDMD contents produced the lowest NDF, ADF, and ADL contents when compared with other varieties. Generally, Sanabor and Probor varieties had better forage dry matter yield and seed yield but Vitabor and Australian lupin had relatively better nutritive values. For forage production, lupin varieties should be sown with the highest seeding rate (100 kg/ha) while the lowest seeding rate (60 kg/ha) is recommended for seed production. However, this research should be done across locations and over years to prove the above-recommended seeding rates for forage and seed productions in the study area and similar agro-ecologies. Keywords: dry matter yield, herbage quality, plant height, pod number, seed yield, seeding rate.

Effects of Seeding Rates on Top Growth and Root Development in Establishing Kentucky Bluegrass under the USGA Soil System

Effects of Seeding Rates on Top Growth and Root Development in Establishing Kentucky Bluegrass under the USGA Soil System

Effect of Seeding Rate and the Spraying with Licorice Extract in Oil Percentage and Active Ingredients of Caraway (&lt;i&gt;Carum Carvi&lt;/i&gt; L.)

Effect of Seeding Rate and the Spraying with Licorice Extract in Oil Percentage and Active Ingredients of Caraway (&lt;i&gt;Carum Carvi&lt;/i&gt; L.)

Effect of Seeding Rates of the Mixture of Rye (Secale cereale L.) and Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) on Rye Yield

Effect of Seeding Rates of the Mixture of Rye (Secale cereale L.) and Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) on Rye Yield

Brassica carinata physiological response to land preparation method and seeding rate

ABSTRACT Best management practices that optimize agronomic performance and make Brassica carinata production compatible with existing cropping systems are crucial for the establishment of a carinata supply chain in the southeastern United States. To this end, research was carried out to quantify land preparation method (conventional, no-till, broadcast-disc, and ripper-roller) and seeding rate effects on (1.12, 5.60, 10.09, and 14.57 kg seed ha−1) on B. carinata physiology, yield, and seed chemical composition. Data were collected on days to 50% flowering; canopy cover; gaseous exchange parameters (leaf net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, intercellular CO2, and water use efficiency); leaf area index; root weight; shoot weight; aboveground biomass; yield; and seed chemical composition. Leaf net photosynthesis was affected by land preparation treatment, being greater under the ripper-roller treatment, particularly during bolting. On the other hand, a decrease in photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency was observed as seeding rate increased, especially during bolting. Carinata seed under the ripper-roller land preparation had the greatest oil content but lowest glucosinolates and protein contents. Yield did not respond to land preparation. Yield was minimized (732 kg seed ha−1) at the 1.12 kg ha−1 seeding rate and maximized (1087 kg seed ha−1) at the 5.6 kg ha−1 seeding rate. No land preparation by seeding rate interaction was observed for gas exchange parameters and LAI during any of the growth stages, nor was any interaction observed for yield. Carinata’s physiological response to seeding rate did not depend on land preparation method employed.

Genetic Indicators of Barley Cultivars by the Effect of Seeding Rate

A field experiment was carried out during the winter season 2021-2022 in research station 1 - College of Agriculture governorate in Anbar to know the genetic variations between different varieties of barley by the effect of seeding rate. Add was to find the selective indicator for improving barley yield. Split plots arrangement according to randomized complete block design (RCBD) at three replications was used. The main plots included three seeding rates (120, 160 and 200) Kg ha-1, while the subplots included five barley cultivars (Iba 256, Iksad 617, Amal, Samir and Buraq). The results showed that the low seeding rate (120 Kg ha-1) was significantly superior in the flag leaf area (14.45 cm2). In comparison, the high seeding rate (200 Kg ha-1) was significantly superior in the crop growth rate, weight of 1000 grains, grain yield and biological yield (13.76 g m-2 day-1, 48.21 g,5.78 ton ha-1and 20.48ton ha-1) respectively. In contrast, the seeding rate of 160 Kg ha-1 was significantly superior in the harvest index (28.87%). The yield and its components of barley were studied in terms of performance and variances, and the values of genetic and environmental variances, genetic and phenotypic variance coefficients and heritability in the broad sense were calculated the highest percentages of genetic to environmental variations for the weight of 1000 grains. The highest heritability rates were 99.28% and 98.54% for the biological yield and the weight of 1000 grains, respectively.

Cereal rye seeding rate does not affect magnitude of weed suppression when planting green within Mid-Atlantic United States

AbstractIn the Mid-Atlantic United States, there is increasing interest in delaying cereal rye termination until after soybean planting (i.e., planting green). Improved understanding of cereal rye seeding rate effects is needed to balance weed and agronomic management goals. We investigated the effects of cereal rye seeding rates on weed control and crop performance when planting green in complementary experiments in two Mid-Atlantic regions. The Pennsylvania experiment was replicated at three site-years and the Delaware experiment at two site-years. In both experiments, population-level weed responses were evaluated across four cereal rye seeding rates: 0, 51, 101, and 135 kg ha−1. The Delaware experiment also implemented a nitrogen treatment factor (0 and 34 kg N ha−1; spring applied). Both experiments showed that integrating cereal rye in the fall significantly improved winter- and summer-annual weed suppression compared with the fallow control, but no differences in total cereal rye biomass production or weed suppression were found among alternative cereal rye seeding rates (51 to 135 kg ha−1). Soybean yield did not differ among treatments in any of the studies. These results show there is no reason to increase cereal rye seeding rates for weed suppression services or to decrease seeding rates for agronomic reasons (i.e., soybean population and yield) when employing planting-green tactics in no-till soybean production within the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States.