Effect Of Safflower Oil Research Articles

Effect of safflower oil and magnetic field-modified soy 11S globulin on rheological and emulsifying properties of oil-in-water emulsions

In this paper, the changes in rheological behaviour, emulsion stability, and gel properties of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions with different safflower oil phase fractions (0.4–0.7) and magnetic field-modified soy 11S globulin (MF-11S, 1%–5%) were studied. The emulsions prepared with low (0.4–0.5) and high (≥0.7) oil phase fractions showed obvious delamination in a short time, while those prepared with medium oil phase fractions (0.6–0.65) and 3%–5% MF-11S formed solid-like emulsion gel. The apparent viscosity, storage stability, gel puncture force, and L* value of the emulsion significantly increased (P < 0.05) with the increase in oil fraction. Moreover, the droplet size significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the emulsion viscosity, storage stability, and b* value significantly increased (P < 0.05) with the increase in MF-11S from 3% to 5%. Overall, the O/W emulsion prepared with the 5% MF-11S and 0.65 safflower oil phase fraction had the best storage stability and rheological properties.

Influência do óleo de cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius L.) na resistência insulina e hipertrofia ventricular de camundongos dislipidêmicos

A regulação do metabolismo lipídico através do consumo de fitoterápicos é uma estratégia para reduzir o risco de doenças cardiovasculares. Diante disso, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito do óleo de cártamo sobre a resistência à insulina e hipertrofia ventricular esquerda (HVE) em camundongos com ausência de receptor para LDL (LDLr-/-) com diferentes dietas. Os Camundongos LDLr-/- foram divididos em quatro grupos: C: dieta padrão; CCA: dieta padrão e 2mg/kg/dia de óleo de cártamo; HL: dieta hiperlipídica; HLCA: dieta hiperlipídica e 2mg/kg/dia de óleo de cártamo. Após 15 dias de experimento foi quantificado as concentrações séricas de colesterol total e suas frações, triglicerídeos, proteína C reativa, insulina, glicose e calculado o índice de Homa. Lâminas histológicas com tecido cardíaco foram preparadas e coradas com hematoxilina e eosina, para avaliação histológica geral; e coradas com picrosírius red para avaliar da área de depósito de colágeno. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o óleo de cártamo preveniu a redução dos níveis séricos do HDL e do aumento dos níveis da PCR, preveniu parcialmente a resistência insulínica e a hiperinsulinemia nos camundongos do grupo HLCA. O uso de óleo de cártamo equilibrou os fatores anti-hipertróficos em relação aos fatores hipertróficos (hiperinsulinemia e processo inflamatório), prevenindo a HVE nos camundongos do grupo HLCA. Em conclusão o óleo de cártamo preveniu o desenvolvimento da HVE e parcialmente a resistência à insulina.

Effect of Safflower Oil on Concentration of Conjugated Linoleic Acid of Kefir Prepared by Low-fat Milk.

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a special fatty acid in dairy products with unique antioxidant and anti-cancerous effects. Kefir, a milk product, comprises normalized homogenized cow's milk, the fructose and lactulose syrup as well as a symbiotic starter which has improved probiotic characteristics. The study was aimed to discuss patents and to examine the effect of different safflower oil concentrations on CLA content of the kefir drink prepared by low-fat milk. Safflower oil was added at 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5% (V/V) to low-fat cow's milk and six formulations of kefir samples were prepared. The CLA content of the kefir products was measured at pH=6.0 and pH=6.8 by gas chromatography. Acid and bile tolerance of bacterial microenvironment in the products were also determined. Substitution of natural fat content of milk with safflower oil resulted in proportional increase in the CLA contents of kefir in a dose dependent manner. The highest concentration of CLA was found under 0.5% (V/V) of safflower oil at pH 6.0 and temperature of 37 °C. Adding the Safflower oil into milk used for kefir production, increased CLA content from 0.123 (g/100 g) in pure safflower free samples to 0.322 (g/100 g) in samples with 0.5% (V/V) of safflower oil. The current study revealed that substitution of safflower oil with natural fat of cow's milk may help the production of kefir samples with remarkable increase in CLA content of final product.

Effect of Safflower Oil on the Protective Properties of the in situ Formed Salivary Pellicle

Aim: The prevalence of dental erosion is still increasing. A possible preventive approach might be rinsing with edible oils to improve the protective properties of the pellicle layer. This was tested in the present in situ study using safflower oil. Methods: Pellicle formation was carried out in situ on bovine enamel slabs fixed buccally to individual upper jaw splints (6 subjects). After 1 min of pellicle formation subjects rinsed with safflower oil for 10 min, subsequently the samples were exposed in the oral cavity for another 19 min. Enamel slabs without oral exposure and slabs exposed to the oral cavity for 30 min without any rinse served as controls. After pellicle formation in situ, slabs were incubated in HCl (pH 2; 2.3; 3) for 120 s, and kinetics of calcium and phosphate release were measured photometrically (arsenazo III, malachite green). Furthermore, the ultrastructure of the pellicles was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: Pellicle alone reduced erosive calcium and phosphate release significantly at all pH values. Pellicle modification by safflower oil resulted in an enhanced calcium loss at all pH values and caused an enhanced phosphate loss at pH 2.3. TEM indicated scattered accumulation of lipid micelles and irregular vesicle-like structures attached to the oil-treated pellicle layer. Acid etching affected the ultrastructure of the pellicle irrespective of oil rinsing. Conclusion: The protective properties of the pellicle layer against extensive erosive attacks are limited and mainly determined by pH. The protective effects are modified and reduced by rinses with safflower oil.

Cocoa Butter and Safflower Oil Elicit Different Effects on Hepatic Gene Expression and Lipid Metabolism in Rats

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of cocoa butter and safflower oil on hepatic transcript profiles, lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in healthy rats. Cocoa butter-based high-fat feeding for 3 days did not affect plasma total triglyceride (TG) levels or TG-rich VLDL particles or hepatic insulin sensitivity, but changes in hepatic gene expression were induced that might lead to increased lipid synthesis, lipotoxicity, inflammation and insulin resistance if maintained. Safflower oil increased hepatic beta-oxidation, was beneficial in terms of circulating TG-rich VLDL particles, but led to reduced hepatic insulin sensitivity. The effects of safflower oil on hepatic gene expression were partly overlapping with those exerted by cocoa butter, but fewer transcripts from anabolic pathways were altered. Increased hepatic cholesterol levels and increased expression of hepatic CYP7A1 and ABCG5 mRNA, important gene products in bile acid production and cholesterol excretion, were specific effects elicited by safflower oil only. Common effects on gene expression included increased levels of p8, DIG-1 IGFBP-1 and FGF21, and reduced levels of SCD-1 and SCD-2. This indicates that a lipid-induced program for hepatic lipid disposal and cell survival was induced by 3 days of high-fat feeding, independent on the lipid source. Based on the results, we speculate that hepatic TG infiltration leads to reduced expression of SCD-1, which might mediate either neutral, beneficial or unfavorable effects on hepatic metabolism upon high-fat feeding, depending on which fatty acids were provided by the diet.

Effect of Safflower Oil, Flaxseed Oil, Monensin, and Vitamin E on Concentration of Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Bovine Milk Fat

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) refers to a mixture of conjugated octadecadienoic acids of predominantly ruminant origin. The main isomer in bovine milk fat is the cis-9, trans-11 CLA. Interest in CLA increased after the discovery of its health-promoting properties, including potent anticarcinogenic activity. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate dietary strategies aimed at increasing the concentration of CLA in bovine milk fat. Both experiments were organized as a randomized complete block design with a repeated measures treatment structure. In Experiment 1, 28 Holstein cows received either a control diet or one of 3 treatments for a period of 2 wk. The control diet consisted of 60% forage (barley silage, alfalfa silage, and alfalfa hay) and 40% concentrate on a dry matter (DM) basis, fed as a total mixed ration (TMR). The concentrate was partially replaced in the treatment groups with 24ppm of monensin (MON), 6% of DM safflower oil (SAFF), or 6% of DM safflower oil plus 24ppm of monensin (SAFF/M). Average cis-9, trans-11 CLA levels in milk fat after 2 wk of feeding were 0.45, 0.52, 3.36, and 5.15% of total fatty acids for control, MON, SAFF, and SAFF/M, respectively. In Experiment 2, 62 Holstein cows received either a control diet or one of 5 treatment diets for a period of 9 wk. The control diet consisted of 60% forage (barley silage, alfalfa silage, and alfalfa hay) and 40% concentrate on a DM basis, fed as a TMR. The concentrate was partially replaced in the treatment groups with 6% of DM safflower oil (SAFF), 6% of DM safflower oil plus 150 IU of vitamin E/kg of DM (SAFF/E), 6% of DM safflower oil plus 24ppm of monensin (SAFF/M), 6% of DM safflower oil plus 24ppm of monensin plus 150 IU of vitamin E/kg of DM (SAFF/ME), or 6% of DM flaxseed oil plus 150 IU of vitamin E/kg of DM (FLAX/E). Average cis-9, trans-11 CLA levels during the treatment period were 0.68, 4.12, 3.48, 4.55, 4.75, and 2.80% of total fatty acids for control, SAFF, SAFF/E, SAFF/M, SAFF/ME, and FLAX/E, respectively. The combination of safflower oil with monensin was particularly effective at increasing milk fat CLA. The addition of vitamin E to the diet partially prevented the depression in milk fat associated with oilseed feeding, but had no significant effect on the concentration of CLA in milk.

Effects of safflower oil and evening primrose oil in men with a low dihomo-γ-linolenic level

Low levels of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n − 6 series are associated with coronary heart disease. Linoleic acid, but not γ-linolenic acid requires the activity of Δ 6-desaturase for its conversion to dihomo-γ-linolenic and arachidonic acid. Evening primrose oil (EPO) and safflower oil (SO) are rich in linoleic acid, but EPO contains also 9% γ-linolenic acid. The effect of EPO (10, 20 and 30 ml/day) and SO (20 ml/day) for 4 months on the deposition of linoleic acid metabolites in adipose tissue of 4 groups of 6–9 men with low adipose dihomo-γ-linolenic acid was examined. EPO but not SO increased adipose dihomo-γy-linolenic acid level from 0.080 ± 0.005% to 0.101 ± 0.005% ( P < 0.01; 20 ml/day for 4 months). Adipose dihomo-γy-linolenic/linoleic acid ratio increased with EPO from 0.99 ± 0.16 × 10 2 to 1.13 ± 0.14 × 10 2 and fell on SO from 1.04 ± 0.10 × 102 to 0.90 ± 0.07 × 102 ( P < 0.01). Similar qualitative changes in the relative amount of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid in serum triglyceride and cholesteryl ester fractions were observed. At the dose of 20 ml/day, SO and EPO did not differ in their effect on serum cholesterol (7.13 ± 0.43 vs. 7.33 ± 0.42 mmol/l (NS)), LDL-cholesterol (5.10 ± 0.32 vs. 4.88 ± 0.46 mmol/l (NS)) nor did the 2 oils differ in their effect on HDL-cholesterol. These results suggest that linoleic acid is not readily converted to dihomo-y-linolenic acid due to a low activity of Δ 6-desaturase in these highly selected men. EPO was not an effective hypocholesterolaemic agent in this study.

Metabolic effects of safflower oil given as a supplement for steers fed roughage diets at restricted intake

Supplements of safflower oil (300 mL/day) were given to groups of steers fed 4 different diets. Hereford steers were fed 6 kg/day lucerne hay (LH) or LH + 33 mg/kg monensin (LHM). Brahman steers were fed 4 kg/day low quality hay (DA) or DA + 1 kg sucrose + 60 g urea + 2.7 g sulfur (DAS). Metabolic measurements were made when the animals were fed an equal portion of the daily ration at hourly intervals. On all diets, safflower oil had no affect on rumen temperature, pH or the concentrations of volatile fatty acids in ruminal fluid. Safflower oil increased concentrations (mg/L) of microbial lipid in ruminal fluid (LH, 160.4 v. 317.1; LHM, 266 v. 541.7; DA, 194.6 v. 321.8; DAS, 172.8 v. 440.5) and increased plasma concentrations (�g/mL) of non-esterified fatty acids (LH, 117.2 v. 180.1; LHM, 101.1 v. 189.5; DA, 218.2 v 325.4; DAS, 197.4 v 311.4), especially 18:1 trans- 11 and polyunsaturated acids. In steers fed DA and DAS, safflower oil reduced protozoal numbers and increased the bacterial mass in ruminal fluid, and increased water intake and the daily amounts of urinary allantoin excreted. The addition of safflower oil to all diets depressed plasma urea concentrations (mg/L) (LH, 233 v. 203; LHM, 236 v. 191; DA, 74.6 v. 47.6; DAS, 96.6 v. 54). The excretion of daily amounts (mg/kg liveweight) of urinary urea increased in animals fed DA (3.5 v. 10.0) and DAS (6.2 v. 13.6) but decreased in those fed LH (208.8 v. 187.9) and LHM (188.8 v. 158.1). Safflower oil supplementation conserved body protein, accelerated liveweight gains in animals fed LH and LHM diets and retarded liveweight loss in those fed DA and DAS diets.

Effects of dietary fat types on the thermogenesis of brown adipocytes isolated from rat.

The effects of dietary fat types on the thermogenic activity of brown adipocytes isolated from rat were examined. When beef tallow (saturated fatty acids+ oleic) and safflower oil (linoleic) were the dietary fats, the respiration rates of brown adipocytes activated either by norepinephrine or an uncoupler of mitochondrial respiration (carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone) were both slightly higher in rats fed the polyunsaturated fat. When the effects of safflower oil and evening primrose oil (linoleic +γ-linolenic) were compared, the activated respiration rate tended to be higher in the latter. The respiratory responses to varying concentrations of norepinephrine were apparently dependent on the dietary fat types. Triglyceride stored in interscapular brown adipose tissue appeared to be modified by dietary fat types. Dietary fat also characteristically modified the fatty acid compositions of interscapular brown and epididymal white adipose tissues. Thus, the type of dietary fat caused an alteration to the thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue at the cellular level.

The Effect of Safflower Oil on Mycelial Growth of Boletaceae in Submerged Liquid Cultures

The Effect of Safflower Oil on Mycelial Growth of Boletaceae in Submerged Liquid Cultures

The Effect of Safflower Oil on Mycelial Growth of Boletaceae in Submerged Liquid Cultures

The Effect of Safflower Oil on Mycelial Growth of Boletaceae in Submerged Liquid Cultures

Stabilization of Neoprene. I. Protection of Latex Film against Discoloration by Light

Abstract The tendency for light-colored neoprene vulcanizates made from latex to discolor when exposed to light was inhibited markedly by compounding with triglycerides of long chain fatty acids in combination with non-discoloring (see PDF for table) antioxidants. Effectiveness increased with the degree of unsaturation of the fatty acid up to two double bonds (safflower oil). Resistance to discolorations increased with increasing amounts of oil up to 15 parts. Both the ester linkage and the degree of unsaturation in vegetable oil appeared to influence stability in light. Organo tin compounds were found which functioned synergistically with safflower oil. Discoloration of safflower oil stabilized neoprene latex compounds was not affected appreciably by commonly used acceleration systems, nor by varying the curing conditions up to 120° C. Safflower oil reduced discoloration in all neoprene latex types. Neoprene latex compounds containing safflower oil discolored in sunlight no more than those of SBR or NBR latex. Safflower oil did not affect the discoloration of natural rubber, SBR or NBR latex compounds in sunlight. Other effects of safflower oil on the cured properties of neoprene latex films were reduced modulus and tensile strength but without change in elongation, enhanced heat and ozone resistance and lower brittle temperature.

The Effect of Safflower Oil on the Nature of Serum Cholesterol Esters

The Effect of Safflower Oil on the Nature of Serum Cholesterol Esters