Effects Of Robotic Training Research Articles

Initial Experience With VELYS Robot-Assisted Total Knee Replacement: Coronal Plane Accuracy and Effect of Robotic Training on Outcomes.

The use of robots for arthroplasty is gaining momentum inrecent times to provide accuracy in bony cuts and alignment. We aimed to study the efficacy of coronal plane correction with a new robotic system (VELYS™Robotic-Assisted Surgery) and also the effect of the learning curve of robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RATKA) on outcomes. We hypothesize that the benefits of RATKA are not limited to only surgeons having specific training in robotic knee replacement. A total of 101 RATKAs were performed between November 1, 2022, andDecember 1, 2022, by a surgeon and all the cases were included in this study. The first 50 consecutive knees were considered as 'Cohort I' and the next 51 consecutive knees as 'Cohort II'. The intraoperative robotic registration data and tourniquet time were recorded. On three months follow‑up, Oxford Knee Score and lower limb scannogram were recorded. All the 101 cases achieved the desired coronal plane alignment within 3 degrees from neutral. There was a significant difference in the tourniquet time between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the mean three months post-operative values of coronal and sagittal deformity correction, range of flexion, and Oxford Knee Score between the two groups. The VELYS™​​​​​​​robot-assisted system produces an accurate correction of coronal alignment. As the surgeon's experience increases with the system, there is a reduction in tourniquet time; however, the degree of deformity correction is comparable to that when he had no experience. Hence the benefits of RATKA are not limited to only surgeons having specific training in robotic-assisted knee replacement.

Effect of robotic training on the mobility of children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Effect of robotic training on the mobility of children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Combined transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and robot-assisted arm training in patients with stroke: a systematic review.

Upper limb motor deficits in patients with severe stroke often remain unresolved over time. Combining transcranial Direct Current Stimulation with robotic therapy is an innovative neurorehabilitation approach that holds promise to improve upper limb impairment after stroke. To investigate the effects of robotic training in combination with transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for treating poststroke upper limb impairment. PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE electronic databases were searched using keywords, MeSH terms, and strings: "Stroke"[MeSH] AND ("Upper Extremity"[MeSH] OR "upper limb") AND ("Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation" [MeSH] OR "tDCS") AND ("robotics" OR "robotic therapy"). Full-text articles published in English up to October 2020 were included. Each was rated for quality according to the Physiotherapy Database (PEDro) score: eight out of eleven scored more than 8 points; their results were considered reliable for this review. Of the total of 171 publications retrieved, 11 met the inclusion criteria. The results of studies that examined the same outcome measures were pooled to draw conclusions on the effectiveness of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and robot-assisted training in corticomotor excitability, upper limb kinematics, muscle strength and tone, function, disability, and quality of life after stroke. To date, there is insufficient evidence to support the hypothesis that transcranial Direct Current Stimulation enhances the effects of robot-assisted arm training in poststroke patients. Further studies with more accurate, comparable and standardized methodology are needed in order to better define the effects of robotic training in combination with transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on poststroke upper limb impairment. Therefore, given the scarce resources available to rehabilitation researches, other, more promising approaches should be given attention.

The effectiveness of robot training in special education: a robot training model proposal for special education

ABSTRACTIn this research, robot training was conducted with teacher candidates in the department of special education, and the effectiveness of robot training was analyzed at the end of the training program. The design of the study is phenomenology. The study has been carried out with 44 teacher candidates from special education, selected by a purposeful sampling method. A nine-week robot training program was conducted for the teacher candidates. At the end of the training program, teacher candidates were interviewed, and the data obtained were subjected to in vivo and descriptive coding. The results of the study show that the robot training program is supportive for teacher candidates in many aspects. In the light of gathered data, a four-phased model of robot training for special education is proposed and discussed.

Adaptation of upper limb movement using exoskeleton-based training and transfer of cinematic patterns to unconstrained movement: A preliminary study

Robotic technologies offer the possibility for highly specific training of upper limb movements. How exactly the motor coordination imposed during an intervention carries over into unconstrained upper limb activity, however, remains poorly understood. This preliminary study sought to examine the after effects of robotic training on upper limb joint kinematics during reaching. Using a four-degree of freedom upper limb exoskeleton, healthy adult subjects trained on a series of reaching tasks. Shoulder and elbow joint coordination was modified using a viscous corrective force field. Kinematic variables during the different reaching tasks without the robotic device were evaluated using a motion capture system prior to and following the intervention. Movement adaptation was evaluated with respect to subject performance on reaching toward experimental targets as well as untrained targets. Shoulder abduction profiles and terminal elbow position appeared modified two hours following the training. These changes reflected the joint kinematics forced during the robotic intervention. Furthermore, distance metrics based upon principal components analysis indicated that exposure to the corrective force field had durable effects upon shared coordination between the shoulder and elbow. This shift in movement patterns was observed for both the experimental and untrained targets. These preliminary results suggest that certain features of upper limb movement, trained using corrective force fields in an exoskeleton, may be retained following the intervention and potentially generalised to prehensile movements in the peripersonal workspace.

Recovery and compensation after robotic assisted gait training in chronic stroke survivors

Background: Gait re-education is a primary rehabilitation goal after stroke. In the last decades, robots with different mechanical structures have been extensively used in the clinical practice for gait training of stroke survivors. However, the effectiveness of robotic training is still controversial, especially for chronic subjects. In this study, we investigated the short-term effects of gait training assisted by an endpoint robot in a population of chronic stroke survivors.Methods: Subjects were evaluated before and after training with clinical scales and instrumented gait analysis. Our primary outcome indicator was the walking speed. Next, we investigated the changes in kinetic and kinematic gait patterns as well as the intersegmental coordination at the level of the lower limbs.Results: Most subjects improved their speed in over-ground walking, by modifying the temporal more than the spatial gait parameters. These changes led to an improvement in the ankle power for both sides and to a slight reduction of the inclination of the pelvis during the swing phase, mainly due to a decreased knee flexion and an increased hip extension on the unimpaired leg.Conclusions: These results indicate that the proposed training induced mainly a functional change rather than an improvement of the quality of gait.Implication for RehabilitationGait re-education is a primary goal in stroke rehabilitation.Nowadays several robotic devices for gait rehabilitation are used in the clinical practice, but their effectiveness is controversial, especially for chronic survivors.After a 20-session training with an endpoint robot the chronic stroke survivors showed an improvement in overground gait speed.The increased gait speed was mainly due to functional changes of the temporal parameters and of the kinetic variables at the level of both ankle joints, as well as to a reduction of compensatory strategies observable in the unimpaired side.

Effect of Robotic training on walking and balance in patient with Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia

Our patient was 22 years old and was being followed with pure Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. He was provided with robot assisted-gait training combined with physiotherapy. Robot-assisted gait training lasted 40 minutes per a day and 20 sessions training. enforced about 7 weeks and three times in a week. Strenghten, stretching and balance exercise were applied as physiotherapy every day. He was evealuated in terms of functional ambulation category, Medical Research Council (MRC) Scale for muscle strength, Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), 6-minute walking test, 10-meter walking test, timed up and go, Berg Balance Scale before and after treatment.After the treatments, the patient could walk more confidently and speedy. Robotic training can contribute to physiotherapy as plus to improve patient walking and balance.

Effects of robot assisted gait training in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP): a preliminary report.

Background and Purpose: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disease clinically characterized by prominent axial extrapyramidal motor symptoms with frequent falls. Over the last years the introduction of robotic technologies to recover lower limb function has been greatly employed in the rehabilitative practice. This observational trial is aimed at investigating the changes in the main spatiotemporal following end-effector robot training in people with PSP.Method: Pilot observational trial.Participants: Five cognitively intact participants with PSP and gait disorders.Interventions: Patients were submitted to a rehabilitative program of robot-assisted walking sessions for 45 min, 5 times a week for 4 weeks.Main outcome measures: The spatiotemporal parameters at the beginning (T0) and at the end of treatment (T1) were recorded by a gait analysis laboratory.Results: Robot training was feasible, acceptable and safe and all participants completed the prescribed training sessions. All patients showed an improvement in the gait spatiotemporal index (Mean velocity, Cadence, Step length, and Step width) (T0 vs. T1).Conclusions: Robot training is a feasible and safe form of rehabilitation for cognitively intact people with PSP. The lack of side effects and the positive results in the gait parameter index in all patients support the recommendation to extend the trials of this treatment. Further investigation regarding the effectiveness of robot training in time is necessary.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01668407.

Robotic assistance that encourages the generation of stepping rather than fully assisting movements is best for learning to step in spinally contused rats

Robotic devices have been developed to assist body weight-supported treadmill training (BWSTT) in individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCIs) and stroke. Recent findings have raised questions about the effectiveness of robotic training that fully assisted (FA) stepping movements. The purpose of this study was to examine whether assist-as-needed robotic (AAN) training was better than FA movements in rats with incomplete SCI. Electromyography (EMG) electrodes were implanted in the tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius hindlimb muscles of 14 adult rats. Afterward, the rats received a severe midthoracic spinal cord contusion and began daily weight-supported treadmill training 1 wk later using a rodent robotic system. During training, assistive forces were applied to the ankle when it strayed from a desired stepping trajectory. The amount of force was proportional to the magnitude of the movement error, and this was multiplied by either a high or low scale factor to implement the FA (n = 7) or AAN algorithms (n = 7), respectively. Thus FA training drove the ankle along the desired trajectory, whereas greater variety in ankle movements occurred during AAN training. After 4 wk of training, locomotor recovery was greater in the AAN group, as demonstrated by the ability to generate steps without assistance, more normal-like kinematic characteristics, and greater EMG activity. The findings suggested that flexible robotic assistance facilitated learning to step after a SCI. These findings support the rationale for the use of AAN robotic training algorithms in human robotic-assisted BWSTT.