Effect Of Propagation Methods Research Articles

Effect of Propagation Method and Ploidy Level of Various Rootstocks on the Response of the Common Clementine (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan) to a Mild Water Deficit

Current climatic upheavals reduce water availability which impacts the growth and fruit quality of plants. In citrus crops, scion/rootstock combinations are used to ensure high fruit production and quality and a stress tolerance/resistance. Our objective was to assess the effect on the clementine scion (C) under natural mild water deficit of (i) polyploid rootstocks by comparing the allotetraploid FlhorAG1 (C/4xFLs; trifoliate orange + Willowleaf mandarin) with its diploid parents, trifoliate orange (C/2xTOs), and Willowleaf mandarin (C/2xWLs), and with a diploid genotype used as reference (Carrizo citrange, C/2xCCs), (ii) rootstock propagation methods by comparing trifoliate orange seedling (C/2xTOs) with cutting (C/2xTOc). A mild water deficit observed under orchard conditions during the summer period (July–August) induced a significant change in yield (except in C/2xTOs), fruit size, and quality. C/2xCCs, C/2xTOs, and C/2xWLs appeared less affected by water deficit as indicated by their lower reduction of predawn leaf water potential (Ψpd), relative water content (RWC), transpiration (E), and photosynthetic parameters (Pnet and gs). Their greater redox balance was probably due to their better antioxidant efficiency. Seedling rootstocks lead to a better adaptation of clementine scions to water deficit than cutting or allotetraploid rootstock. Improving the tolerance to water deficit requires taking into consideration the rootstock genotype, propagation method, and ploidy level.

Assessment of influence of the method of vegetative propagation of varieties of <i>Vaccinium corymbosum</i> L. on the biochemical composition of the fruits

The results of a comparative study of the main characteristics of the biochemical composition of fruits of the same age of generative plants of 5 introduced varieties of V. corymbosum of different ripening dates – early ripening Weymouth, mid-ripening Bluecrop and Concord, late ripening Elizabeth and Atlantic obtained by traditional (stem-cuttings) and microclonal vegetative methods are presented. A significant effect of the propagation method on the biochemical composition of the fruits, the degree of which was determined by the chemical nature of its components and the plant genotype, was established. In the fruits of cloned plants, depending on the genotype, ambiguous changes in the range of 5–40 %, relative to traditional plants, in the content of solids, free organic, ascorbic and hydroxycinnamic acids, soluble sugars and pectin substances, as well as the index of sugar acid index, were revealed. For most varieties, a common trend in the nature of differences between cloned and traditional plants in the accumulation of bioflavonoids was shown, consisting in the increase in the first case of their total number by 5–27 %, including 6–34 % of anthocyanin pigments. The greatest positive effect of the microclonal propagation method on the content of P-vitamins in fruits of late ripening varieties, especially Atlantik, was found, with a 3–6 times lesser degree of similar influence in Weymouth and Concord varieties, against the background of the prevailing negative effect in mid-ripening Bluecrop. With the relative stability of the ratio of the components of the P-vitamin complex of blueberry fruits to the tested propagation methods, significant shifts were revealed in the composition of their anthocyanin complex in cloned plants of early ripening and especially mid-ripening varieties towards a decrease in the proportion of anthocyanins proper and an increase in that of leukoanthocyanins, compared to traditional plants, reaching 1.5–1.6-fold value in Concord variety with the opposite direction of less pronounced shifts in late-ripening varieties.In cloned plants (with the exception of the Bluecrop variety), the integral level of the nutritional and vitamin value of the fruits was found to be 2.6–4.4 times higher than their traditional counterparts by a total of 14 indicators of the biochemical composition when the varieties were arranged in accordance with a decrease in the degree of data differences in the series: Atlantik > Elizabeth > Weymouth > Concord > Bluecrop, in which late ripe varieties of blueberries were characterized by the greatest advantages.

Thidiazuron-induced somatic embryogenesis and changes of antioxidant properties in tissue cultures of half-high blueberry plants

An efficient protocol of somatic embryogenesis (SE) has been developed for the first time in four half-high blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. × V. angustifolium Ait.) cultivars. Thidiazuron (TDZ), a plant growth regulator with potential activities for shoot regeneration and shoot proliferation, was found most effective for somatic embryo formation when added to a nutrient medium at high concentration (9 µM). Although TDZ was also best for embryo germination at low concentration (2.3 µM), it was followed by zeatin at 4.6 µM for the same. Plantlets developed from SE were removed from the nutrient medium and transferred on a peat: perlite medium where 100% survival rate was acquired following the acclimatization process in a greenhouse. The concentrations of total phenolic and flavonoid contents were higher in greenhouse-grown conventionally cutting-propagated donor mother plants than those of respective SE plants for ‘St. Cloud’, ‘Patriot’ and ‘Northblue’ but not for ‘Chippewa’. The effect of propagation method and/or the older age of donor mother plants were clearly visible exclusively as the 15-year-old donor plants showed higher level of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity than the eight-weeks-old SE plants in all four cultivars.

Effect of propagation method, spacing and pruning on plant establishment of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.)

The effect of propagation method, spacing and pruning of Jatropha curcas L. was studied between 2014 and 2015 at the Fruits and Vegetable Teaching and Research Farm Faculty of Agriculture Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto. The treatments were a factorial combination of three methods of propagation (stem cutting, seed seedling and direct seeding), three spacings (1.0×1.0, 1.5×1.5, 2.0×2.0 m) and pruning (pruning and no pruning). They were laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Spacing was the main plot while propagation methods and pruning were the sub-plots. Data were recorded on percentage plant establishment and percentage plant survival after pruning. Significant means were separated using Duncan’s new multiple range test (DNMRT). Propagation method and plant spacing significantly (P<0.05) influenced percentage plant establishment. The highest establishment were obtained from direct seeding and seedling (66.14 and 64.37%), respectively. The highest establishment (78.38%) occurred in 2.0×2.0 m spacing and least (47.46%) in 1.0×1.0 m spacing. Significantly higher plant survival was recorded by direct seeding and pre-cultivated seedlings (56.18 and 47.42%, respectively) than stem cutting (32.37%). Un-pruned plants recorded significant higher plant survival (53.03%) than in the pruned treatment (37.63%). Consequently, direct seeding or seedlings, spaced at 2.0×2.0 m and without pruning are recommended for Jatropha cultivation in the semi-arid zone of Nigeria.

Effect of Propagation Methods and Sowing Dates on Aphid Infestation and Flower Heads Characters in Globe Artichoke Plants

Effect of Propagation Methods and Sowing Dates on Aphid Infestation and Flower Heads Characters in Globe Artichoke Plants

EFFECT OF PROPAGATION METHODS AND ORGANIC FERTILIZATION ON GROWTH AND CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF OCIMUM BASILICUM L.,' SWEET BASIL.'

Two filed experiments were carried out during the twosuccessive years of 2004 and 2005) to study the effect ofpropagation methods (seedlings from seeds and terminal cuttings)alone or with using organic manure fertilizer such as farm yardmanure ''FYM'' or poultry manure ''PM'' at rates 0, 10, 20 and 30m3/ fed. on growth and chemical constituents of sweet basilplants. The obtained results indicated that, all growth parametersi.e., plant height, number of branches/plant, number ofinflorescences/plant, fresh weight of herb/plant and number ofroots as well as volatile oil percentage, oil yield per plant and perfeddan, N, P and K % and total carbohydrate contents in the herbwere significantly increased as methods of propagation such asterminal cuttings and organic manure application of poultrymanure. The best results were obtained from poultry manure atrate of 20 m3/fed. or farm yard manure at rate of 30 m3/fed. Alsocultivate terminal cuttings combined with organic manurefertilization gave the best results than seedlings combined withorganic manure fertilization. Terminal cuttings combined withpoultry manure gave the best results than other combines. Themaximum increment in the studied growth parameters andchemical constituents as well as yield and its component wereobtained by cultivate with terminal cuttings using medium rate 20m3/fed. from poultry manure or high rate 30 m3/fed. from farmyard manure at rate of 30 m3/fed. fertilization.