Preventive Effect Of Probiotics Research Articles

Meta-analysis on preventive and therapeutic effects of probiotic supplementation in infant atopic dermatitis.

Despite a large body of research, the effect of probiotic administration on the incidence and severity of atopic dermatitis (AD) shows conflicting results. We aimed to investigate whether probiotic supplementation reduces the incidence and severity of AD. Three databases were systematically searched. A 22% lower incidence of AD was found in the probiotic group. The reduction in incidence was 49% when probiotics were given to pregnant and lactating mothers, and 27% when they were given to pregnant mothers and infants. A 39% reduction of AD incidence was achieved when administered to pregnant-breastfeeding mothers and infants. Significant differences in SCORAD (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis) favoring probiotics were observed, but the IDLQI remained unchanged. Lactobacillus (L.) rhamnosus was the most documented strain, but it turned out to be ineffective in reducing SCORAD. Conversely, L. paracasei and L. sakei showed a significant decrease in SCORAD. Probiotics are effective in the prevention of AD, but the effect is less conclusive for the treatment of AD, especially in infants <1year. The intake of probiotics by breastfeeding mothers is an important measure and may become a novel preventive strategy. The preventive effect of probiotics against AD is not associated with family background or AD risk. L. paracasei and L. sakei show the greatest reduction in SCORAD.

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis MN-Gup protects mice against gut microbiota-related obesity and endotoxemia induced by a high fat diet.

Obesity has become a public health concern due to its global prevalence and high risk of complications such as endotoxemia. Given the important role of gut microbiota in obesity, probiotics targeting gut microbiota have been developed and applied to alleviate obesity. However, most studies focused on the effects of probiotics on pre-existing obesity, and the preventive effects of probiotics against obesity were rarely studied. This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis MN-Gup (MN-Gup) and fermented milk containing MN-Gup against high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and endotoxemia in C57BL/6J mice. The results showed that MN-Gup, especially the high dose of MN-Gup (1 × 1010CFU/kg b.w.), could significantly protect mice against HFD-induced body weight gain, increased fat percentage, dyslipidemia, and increased lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Fermented milk containing MN-Gup had better preventive effects on fat percentage and dyslipidemia than fermented milk without MN-Gup, but its overall performance was less effective than MN-Gup. Furthermore, MN-Gup and fermented milk containing MN-Gup could alter HFD-affected gut microbiota and regulate obesity- or endotoxemia-correlated bacteria, which may contribute to the prevention of obesity and endotoxemia. This study revealed that MN-Gup could reduce obesity and endotoxemia under HFD, thereby providing a potential application of MN-Gup in preventing obesity.

Preventive Effect of Probiotics on Oral Mucositis Induced by Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Oral mucositis is a common adverse effect of cancer therapy. Probiotics have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate whether probiotics can prevent cancer therapy-induced oral mucositis. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for trials related to probiotics and oral mucositis published before September 2022; no language restrictions were applied. The primary outcome was the incidence of oral mucositis and severe oral mucositis. Secondary outcomes were the requirement for enteral nutrition during treatment, body weight loss, and decreased quality of life. The study has been registered in PROSPERO (number: CRD 42022302339). Eight RCTs, including 708 patients, were reviewed; however, a meta-analysis of only seven trials could be performed. Three trials using Lactobacilli-based probiotics reported that the incidence of oral mucositis in the probiotic group was significantly low (risk ratio [RR] = 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.77-0.93, p = 0.0004). Seven trials reported a significantly low incidence of severe oral mucositis in the probiotic group (RR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.53-0.81, p &lt; 0.0001). The requirement of enteral nutrition was significantly low in the probiotic group (odds ratio = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.13-0.92, p &lt; 0.05). This study demonstrated the effectiveness of probiotics in the prevention and mitigation of cancer therapy-induced oral mucositis. We recommend the use of probiotics to prevent and treat oral mucositis during cancer therapy.

Therapeutic Effects of Bifidobacterium breve YH68 in Combination with Vancomycin and Metronidazole in a Primary Clostridioides difficile-Infected Mouse Model

ABSTRACTProbiotics have been widely used to prevent primary Clostridioides difficile infection (pCDI); however, there are fewer studies on their therapeutic aspects for pCDI. In this study, high doses of Bifidobacterium breve YH68 were used alone or in combination with vancomycin (VAN) and metronidazole (MTR) to treat pCDI mice. Mouse feces were collected from preinfection, postinfection, and posttreatment stages. Subsequently, the C. difficile number and toxin level in feces were detected by plate count method and C. difficile toxin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Simultaneously, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were employed to explore the changing patterns and characteristic markers of fecal microbiota and metabolome. The results indicated that high doses of YH68 used alone or in combination with VAN and MTR were more effective than the combination of VAN and MTR for pCDI mice and improved their final survival rate. This probiotic strain and its combination with antibiotics reduced C. difficile numbers and toxin levels in the feces, downregulated proinflammatory cytokine levels in colon tissue, and alleviated cecum tissue hyperplasia. Meanwhile, the level of fecal microbiota diversity increased significantly in pCDI mice after treatment, with an increase in the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, Oscillospira, unidentified_S24-7, and Ruminococcus, and this process was accompanied by elevated levels of secondary bile acid, butyric acid, and gentamicin C1a and reduced levels of primary bile acid and indoles. Most notably, the combination of YH68 with VAN and MTR diminished the damaging effect of antibiotic treatment alone on the microbiota. Our findings suggested that high doses of YH68 used in combination with VAN and MTR have a better therapeutic effect on pCDI mice than the combination of VAN and MTR alone.IMPORTANCE Many studies have focused on the preventive effects of probiotics against pCDI, but few studies have investigated in depth the therapeutic effects of probiotics, especially at the postinfection stage. We demonstrated that high doses of Bifidobacterium breve YH68 used alone or in combination with vancomycin (VAN) and metronidazole (MTR) exerted outstanding efficacy in the treatment of pCDI mice. This probiotic-antibiotic combination regimen has the potential to be a new option for the clinical treatment of pCDI.

Potential Benefits of Probiotics and Prebiotics for Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke.

Among cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, coronary heart disease and stroke are the most well-known and extensively studied. The onset and progression of CVD is associated with multiple risk factors, among which, gut microbiota has received much attention in the past two decades. Gut microbiota, the microbial community colonizing in the gut, plays a prominent role in human health. In particular, gut dysbiosis is directly related to many acute or chronic dysfunctions of the cardiovascular system (CVS) in the host. Earlier studies have demonstrated that the pathogenesis of CVD is strongly linked to intestinal microbiota imbalance and inflammatory responses. Probiotics and prebiotics conferring various health benefits on the host are emerging as promising therapeutic interventions for many diseases. These two types of food supplements have the potential to alleviate the risks of CVD through improving the levels of several cardiovascular markers, such as total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and certain cytokines involved in the inflammatory response. In this review, we focus mainly on the preventive effects of probiotics and prebiotics on CVD via rebalancing the structural and functional changes in gut microbiota and maintaining immune homeostasis.

The role of sorbents and probiotics in the prevention of structural-morphological disorders in mice with dysbiosis on the background of virus-bacterial infection

Interest in the study of probiotics has grown significantly in recent years. One of the reasons for such increased attention to this problem is the results of numerous experimental studies, which show the important role of individual representatives of the normal microbiota in the aetiology and pathogenesis of many infections and even somatic human diseases. However, the violation of microbial ecology, as a rule, is accompanied by pollution of the internal environment of the body with toxic compounds of both exogenous and endogenous nature, so enterosorbents are among main approaches of improving the normal microbiota.The experiments allowed to establish a pronounced hepatoprotective function of the sorbent “Smektovit”, which is manifested by a decrease in destructive changes that accompany the process of modelling viral and bacterial infections on the background of dysbiosis. In addition, the results of the presented studies showed the ability of probiotic “multiprobiotic Symbiter®” and sorbent “Smectovit” to reduce deep cytodestructive messages in the simulation of viral and bacterial infections at the rate of dysbiosis and normalization of immune responses, as they accompany such processes. At the same time, it is noted that the preventive effect of probiotics is more pronounced in the intestine, and sorbents – in the liver.

The effectiveness of probiotics in prevention and treatment of cancer therapy-induced oral mucositis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Oral mucositis (OM) is a common and troublesome adverse side effect of many cancer therapy modalities (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and chemo-radiotherapy), which can cause pain, ulceration, dysphagia, malnutrition, even treatment interruption. Probiotics may be effective in preventing and treating of cancer therapy-induced OM. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of probiotics in prevention and treatment of cancer therapy-induced OM. Four databases and one trial registry were searched as of the 12th of May 2019 to identify all eligible randomized controlled trials (RCT). Five studies involving 435 patients were included in this study. Methodological quality and outcomes were evaluated in every study included. Pooled results showed a moderate heterogeneity (P=0.15, I2=44%). The pooled RRs indicated that the use of probiotics decreased the risk of OM for grade ≥3 (RR=0.66, 95%CI=0.54-0.81, P<0.0001) as well as all grades (RR=0.83, 95% CI=0.72-0.97, P=0.02). There was no significant difference between probiotics and placebo for cancer therapy completion rate (RR=1.14, 95%CI=0.65-2.00, P=0.64). The subgroup analysis indicated that the use of probiotics was not statistically significant for patients receiving chemo-radiotherapy (RR=0.52, 95% CI=0.26-1.04, P=0.07). In conclusion, probiotics may reduce the incidence and mitigate the severity of cancer therapy-induced OM. Further trials with a randomized, double-blind and multicentric study design are needed to confirm this effect. The PROSPERO registration number of this systematic review and meta-analysis is CRD42019130414.

Protective Effects of Probiotic Consumption in Cardiovascular Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

The prevalence of renal and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is higher than in general populations. Recently, a causal role of gut microbiota on the development of immune responses in SLE has been described. Probiotic consumption changes the composition of gut microbiota, preventing SLE progression. The aim of this review is to explore the role of the gut microbiota in the development of renal and cardiovascular disease in SLE and how probiotics could be a therapeutic option. Despite strong evidence on the beneficial effects of probiotics in the development of autoimmunity and nephritis in SLE, only a few studies described the protective effects of Lactobacillus in important risk factors for CVD, such as endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in mice. The preventive effects of probiotics in renal and CVD in humans have not been established yet.

Clinical effect of probiotics in prevention or treatment of gastrointestinal disease in dogs: A systematic review.

BackgroundGastrointestinal diseases are prevalent in dogs, and probiotics could provide safe alternatives to conventional treatments.ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical effects of probiotics when used in the prevention or treatment of gastrointestinal disease in dogs compared with no treatment, only symptomatic treatment, or conventional treatment.MethodsA systematic review was preformed searching AGRICOLA, AGRIS, CAB s, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science to identify articles published before April 1, 2017. Selection criteria were original research report, those published in peer reviewed journal, and study investigating in vivo use of probiotic for prevention or treatment of gastrointestinal disease in dogs. Studies were rated based on the level of evidence, and methodological quality was evaluated by the following variables: similarities between groups at baseline, risk of bias, and study group size.ResultsOne hundred sixty‐five studies were identified, of which 17 met the inclusion criteria—12 concerned acute gastrointestinal disease and 5 concerned chronic gastrointestinal disease. The level of evidence ranged between randomized controlled studies and crossover uncontrolled trials; estimated risk of bias was generally moderate to high; and sample sizes were small. Feces consistency was the most frequently evaluated clinical variable.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe current data point toward a very limited and possibly clinically unimportant effect for prevention or treatment of acute gastrointestinal disease. For chronic gastrointestinal disease, dietary intervention remains the major key in treatment, whereas probiotic supplement seems not to add significant improvement. However, studies were often underpowered, underscoring the need for future larger, preferably multicenter studies.

Probiotics supplementation in prophylaxis and treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders - a review of current research.

In recent years increased interest in the connection of intestinal microflora and the state of human health resulted in a great deal of research on the influence of intestinal microflora in particular on mental health, including works on affective functions of the central nervous system (CNS). Previous studies on animals have revealed the existence of a bi-directional communication system between the gastrointestinal microbiota and the central nervous system, the so-called .gut-brain axis' which modulates functioning of CNS through immunological, endocrine and neuronal mechanisms. Clinical studies have shown a connection between supplementation of probiotics containing specific species and strains of bacteria and the regulation of the body's response to stress and with the exacerbation of depressive and anxiety symptoms in humans. Studies have also demonstrated differences in the composition of the intestinal microflora of patients with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder in comparison with the healthy population. The aim of this article is to present the current state of knowledge on the relationship between composition of intestinal microflora and affective functions of CNS and on effects of supplementation of probiotics on depressive and anxiety symptoms in humans. Previous studies on the use of probiotics in the prophylaxis and treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders included too small groups of persons, especially in groups of patients diagnosed with depression, to be able to clearly determine the effectiveness of probiotics in prevention and, in particular, treatment of these disorders in humans.

Reduced Th22 Cell Proportion and Prevention of Atopic Dermatitis in Infants Following Maternal Probiotic Supplementation

ADB Ro, MR Simpson, TB Ro. Clin Exp Allergy. 2017;47(8):1014–1021 To examine whether T helper (Th) cell proportions were affected by maternal probiotic supplementation and whether the preventive effect of probiotics on atopic dermatitis (AD) was mediated through an effect on Th cells. The study included 415 pregnant women recruited from the double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled Probiotics in the Prevention of Allergy among Children in Trondheim study. Study subjects were randomly assigned to ingest probiotic milk corresponding to a daily dose of 5 × 1010 colony-forming units (CFUs) of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, 5 × 1010 CFUs of …

The mother-offspring dyad, microbial transmission, immune interactions and allergy development

The increasing prevalence of allergy in affluent countries may be caused by reduced intensity and diversity of microbial stimulation, resulting in abnormal postnatal immune maturation. Most studies investigating the underlying immunomodulatory mechanisms have focused on postnatal microbial exposure, for example demonstrating that the gut microbiota differs in composition and diversity during the first months of life in children who later do or do not develop allergic disease. However, it is also becoming increasingly evident that the maternal microbial environment during pregnancy is important in childhood immune programming, and the first microbial encounters may occur already in utero. During pregnancy, there is a close immunological interaction between the mother and her offspring, which provides important opportunities for the maternal microbial environment to influence the immune development of the child. In support of this theory, combined pre- and postnatal supplementations seem to be crucial for the preventive effect of probiotics on infant eczema. Here, the influence of microbial and immune interactions within the mother–offspring dyad on childhood allergy development will be discussed. In addition, how perinatal transmission of microbes and immunomodulatory factors from mother to offspring may shape appropriate immune maturation during infancy and beyond, potentially via epigenetic mechanisms, will be examined. Deeper understanding of these interactions between the maternal and offspring microbiome and immunity is needed to identify efficacious preventive measures to combat the allergy epidemic.

What do Cochrane systematic reviews say about probiotics as preventive interventions?

Probiotics have been used for a range of clinical situations and their use is strongly encouraged by the media worldwide. This study identified and summarized all Cochrane systematic reviews about the preventive effects of probiotics in clinical practice. Review of systematic reviews, conducted in the Discipline of Evidence-Based Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp). We included all Cochrane reviews on any probiotics when they were used as preventive interventions and compared with no intervention, placebo or any other pharmacological or non-pharmacological intervention. 17 Cochrane systematic reviews fulfilled our inclusion criteria and were summarized in this report. None of the reviews included in the present study provided high-quality evidence for any outcome. The benefits from use of probiotics included decreased incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea; decreased incidence of upper respiratory tract infections and duration of episodes; decreased need for antibiotics and absences from school due to colds; and decreased incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Probiotics seem to decrease the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus, birthweight, risk of vaginal infection and incidence of eczema. Despite the marketing and the benefits associated with probiotics, there is little scientific evidence supporting the use of probiotics. None of the reviews provided any high-quality evidence for prevention of illnesses through use of probiotics. More trials are needed to gain better knowledge of probiotics and to confirm when their use is beneficial and cost-effective.

The Effect of Probiotics in Prevention of Necrotising Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates in Comparison with Control Group

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a common dangerous gastrointestinal emergency in neonatology, especially in premature infants, which can cause serious problems. Objectives: This study was conducted to find out whether administration of probiotics could lead to prevention and/or treatment of NEC. Methods: 115 premature newborns weighting 750 - 1500 g or less than 32 weeks’ gestation were checked daily for NEC signs and weight gain and mean day of full feed achievement was recorded. Results: The incidence of NEC and C-reactive protein (CRP) rise showed a significant difference (P = 0.02) between the two (case and control) groups, but the difference regarding mean duration of oxygen therapy, TPN, full feeding achievement, and hospitalization was not significant. Conclusions: These results showed positive effects of probiotics on preventing and treating NEC, especially NEC grade 3 in ELBW and VLBW neonates.

Effectiveness of probiotics in reducing the incidence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in elderly patients: a systematic review.

Clostridium difficile bacteria are a leading cause of infectious diarrhea. This is an anaerobic, gram-positive and spore-forming rod responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, especially among elderly hospitalized patients. Standard management of C. difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) consists of discontinuing a causative antibiotic, correcting fluid-electrolytes imbalance and initiating an antibiotic treatment for CDAD. Alternative approaches for prevention of CDAD include probiotics. This systematic review will provide a comprehensive, unbiased summary of the available research on the effectiveness of probiotics in decreasing the incidence of infectious diarrhea in elderly hospitalized patients. To conduct a systematic review to determine the best available evidence related to the effectiveness of probiotics in the prevention of CDAD in elderly hospitalized patients. The review question was: are probiotics effective in decreasing the incidence of CDAD in elderly hospitalized patients? The current review included studies of participants who were aged 60 years and more and who were residents of acute- and post-acute care facilities undergoing or planning to undergo antibiotic treatment for the management of any infectious conditions, except CDAD. The current review included studies that evaluated the effectiveness of probiotics for prevention of CDAD in elderly hospitalized patients in acute- and post-acute care settings compared to usual care. The current review included studies examining the following outcome measures: incidence or relapse of CDAD. Cases of CDAD were defined by presence of diarrhea and verified by positive results for stool enzyme immunoassay for toxins A and B. The current review included only experimental study designs including randomized controlled trials. The search strategy included studies published in English between 1978, when the first case of CDAD was reported, and 2015. Papers selected for retrieval were assessed by two independent reviewers for methodological quality prior to inclusion in the review using standardized critical appraisal instruments from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Data were extracted from papers included in the review using the standardized data extraction tool from the JBI Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument. The data extracted included specific details about the interventions, populations, study methods and outcomes of significance to the review question and specific objectives. Quantitative data were pooled using statistical meta-analysis. Effect sizes were expressed as odds ratios, and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated to determine if probiotic treatment was superior to placebo in reducing CDAD incidence. Heterogeneity was assessed using the standard I statistic. Five studies were included in the review. The individual study results were conflicting, including non-significant results for four studies and statistically significant results in one that demonstrated fewer cases of CDAD among patients receiving probiotics compared to placebo. The meta-analysis finding indicated that there was no statistically significant difference in CDAD incidence in elderly hospitalized patients taking probiotics when compared to a placebo. Probiotics were not found to be more effective than placebo for reducing CDAD incidence in elderly hospitalized patients. However, studies that demonstrate improved outcomes must be examined to determine future needs for research. Studies varied with regard to the dose, frequency, method of administration (probiotic drinks versus capsule), length of administration and the number of strains of bacteria administered. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics for CDAD prevention in this population. Clinical trials with evidence-based administration methods and meta-analyses that pool the results of studies with congruent methodologies are needed to enable conclusions to be drawn on the effectiveness of probiotic administration for CDAD prevention.

Effect of probiotics in prevention of atopic dermatitis is dependent on the intrinsic microbiota at early infancy

Effect of probiotics in prevention of atopic dermatitis is dependent on the intrinsic microbiota at early infancy

INFLUENCE VIOLATIONS FORMATION OF INTESTINAL FLORA, INTESTINAL BARRIER FUNCTION IN NEWBORNS OF INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASES AND THE IMPORTANCE OF PROBIOTICS IN THEIR PREVENTION

The article presents of modern data on the role of probiotics in the development of mature digestive tract, the effect of probiotics in prevention of inflammatory and infectious diseases of the digestive tract in newborns, especially premature, frequency of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants, late neonatal sepsis.The discussed main factors of worsen or slow down the process of formation of physiological microbiocenosis in newborns. These sow modern evidence-based recommendations for the study of the practical aspects of the use of probiotic microorganisms in neonatal practice. The modern scheme of probiotic microorganisms in neonatal wards submitted. These evidence-based benefits of prophylactic use of L. Reuteri DSM 17938, L. Reuteri ATCC 55730 in reducing the frequency of food intolerance, death, development of necrotizing enterocolitis, late neonatal sepsis. The potential prospects highlights for studying the role of Bacillus clausii in the maturation of the immune system and promoting the formation of a physiological intestinal microbiota in infants.

Probiotics in Treatment and Prevention of Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review

Aim: Aim of this systematic review was to analyse the available scientific evidence on the effects of probiotics in prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases Materials and methods: A broad literature search was performed using both electronic database and hand search in library. The important databases like COCHRANE CENTRAL, MEDLINE, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, EMBASE were used for online data search. Hand search was performed in the central library of the institute to identify the relevant articles, articles that satisfied the inclusion criteria with description of randomized clinical trials comparing the administration of probiotics versus placebo or another intervention to prevent or treat periodontal diseases in adult patients were selected. Results: The initial search resulted in 73 articles; however, 45 of these articles were excluded after reviewing the abstracts because they did not have the proper clinical trial design or because they were duplicates. After analysing the full text from 27 clinical trials, 12 were excluded because they did not fulfil all the selection criteria. Our final review included 15 articles. Included outcome measures were probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment loss, plaque index and gingival inflammation. Included studies were subjected to critical analysis following the Cochrane Collaboration tool for evaluating the risk of bias. Conclusion: Probiotics had a beneficial effect on reducing probing pocket depth, gingival inflammation, bleeding on probing when compared with placebo. Lactobacillus was the most commonly used probiotic genus, in which L.reuteri strain had most beneficial effects.

Probiotic bacteria: a viable adjuvant therapy for relieving symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis.

The burgeoning use of probiotics has proliferated during the past two decades. However, the effect of probiotic administration for either the prevention or treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been investigated in a limited number of studies. Randomized controlled clinical trials have provided evidences that specific probiotics supplementation exhibit anti-inflammatory effects, help to increase daily activities and alleviate symptoms in patients with RA. Therefore, using probiotic bacteria as an adjuvant therapy may be considered as a promising treatment option for RA. This review summarizes the available data about the therapeutic and preventive effect of probiotics in RA, together with probiotic supplement as a possible therapy in clinical treatment.

Effect of probiotics in prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in children

The increasing incidence rate of allergic diseases has attracted global attention, and these diseases greatly threaten children&prime;s health. The common pathogenesis of allergic diseases is the specific IgE- or cell-mediated immune response to common inhalant or food allergens. Epidemiological investigation, analysis of fecal flora, and clinical studies all suggest that the development and progression of allergic diseases are closely related to the early disturbance of intestinal flora. Probiotics can regulate intestinal immune response, increase the barrier function of epithelial cells, inhibit the adhesion and colonization of pathogenic bacteria, and thus restore or reconstruct normal intestinal flora. With the increasing understanding of allergic diseases, the effect of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of such diseases will be taken more and more seriously.