Effect Of Pre-sowing Treatment Research Articles

The effects of pre-sowing treatments with aqueous allelopathic plant extracts on the germination parameters of aged soybean seeds

The aim of the paper was to examine the allelopathic influence of aqueous extracts of herbs and medicinal plants on the quality parameters of aged soybean seeds. The research was carried out at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad on aged seeds of two soybean varieties, NS simba and NS viseris. The seeds were aged for 20 months. In order to determine the allelopathic effect, the seeds were primed in aqueous plant extracts: geranium (Geranium sinense), dill (Anethum graveolens), andy everlasting (Helichrysum arenarium), creeping thyme (Thymus serpyllum), celery (Apium graveolens), oregano (Origanum vulgare), basil (Ocimum basilicum), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), peppermint (Mentha x piperita), sage (Salvia officinalis), and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia). The results show that it is not possible to talk about the universal application of a particular aqueous extract, because the effect of the allochemicals was significantly influenced by the variety. In the variety NS viseris, all aqueous extracts except Melissa officinalis, significantly reduced GE, GP, and VI. The most negative effect was achieved with the use of Apium graveolens, Thymus serpyllum, and Ocimum basilicum. Apium graveolens and Thymus serpyllum also had the greatest impact on quality reduction in the NS simba variety. However, in the NS simba variety, a significant increase in seed quality was achieved in addition to the reduction. The use of the aqueous extract of Salvia officinalis increased GE and GP by 13.7%, and VI by 10.21%. A positive effect was achieved with the use of Melissa officinalis. All aqueous extracts had a significant effect on T50 in both varieties, even the aqueous extracts that had a negative effect on GE and GP.

Effect of pre-sowing treatments on growth of Karonda (Carissa carandas) seedlings

Effect of pre-sowing treatments on growth of Karonda (Carissa carandas) seedlings

Effect of pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds with inoculant and microelements for yield and quality in the conditions of south-east of Kazakhstan

Soybean is a high-protein and at the same time an oilseed crop. Its cultivation brings profit from the sale of seeds and enriches the soil through the activity of nitrogen-fixing plants. The effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds with a nitrogen-fixing preparation (HiStick© inoculant) in combination with molybdenum and cobalt salts was evaluated at field level from 2019 to 2021 in the conditions of south-east Kazakhstan. The profitability of the crop could be increased by the use of pre-sowing treatment with these micronutrients which are involved in the processes of photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation. The most indicative characteristics for assessing the impact of pre-sowing seed treatment are the accumulation of protein and oil per hectare, since grain yield increased with pre-sowing treatment without changing quality characteristics (expressed as concentrations). Our research showed an increase in protein yield per hectare with pre-sowing treatment. When seeds of the early ripening Ivushka variety were treated with molybdenum and cobalt without HiStick©, protein yield per hectare increased by 8%. When using the HiStick© preparation together with microelements, the protein yield increased by 4.8%, 8.7% and 12.8% for Zhansaya, Lastochka (late-maturing) and Birlik CV varieties respectively. The increase in oil yield after pre-sowing seed treatment for the early-ripening Ivushka variety was 8.8% (complete treatment) and 6.8% for the late-ripening Lastochka variety (with micronutrients only). Therefore the increase of grain protein and oil yields improves the profitability of this crop for a range of soybean varieties.

Stimulation of growth processes and productivity of grain crops in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia

The results of three years of research (2021-2023) are presented to study the effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of seeds of grain crops (spring wheat, spring barley and oats) to regulate growth and development, increase yields and improve product quality. The research was carried out on leached chernozem of the Novosibirsk Ob region (JSC Irmen breeding plant, Ordynsky district, Novosibirsk region) and on gray forest soil (TPP “Michurintsev Garden”). The varieties of grain crops (spring wheat Licamero, spring barley Paustian and oats – Max) were studied. An increase in leaf area parameters was established against the background of the use of preparations for treating seeds with subsequent spraying of plants in the tillering phase with the following growth regulators Siliplant 0.01% (based on chelate forms), Epin-Extra 0.005%, Zircon 0.005%, Toro Combi 0.02% solution and Turmax 0.025% (chelate forms of macro and microelements). It was shown that the use of growth regulators increased the rate of growth and development, productivity and product quality. It was statistically established that the yield of grain crops depended on the elements - 38%, the crop under study - 31%, growth regulators and year conditions by 24%.

Productivity of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with the complex use of biological preparations

The article reflects the results of studies conducted in the period from 2021 to 2023 in the dry steppe zone of the Russian Federation to assess the effectiveness of the integrated use of biological products in the cultivation of spring barley. The effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of spring barley seeds with a biofungicide followed by foliar treatment during the tillering phase with biological products that suppress the development of phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria, stimulate plant growth and development, and also increase plant resistance to adverse environmental factors has been studied. Indicators of the prevalence and degree of development of root rot on spring barley were determined. Data are presented for recording the phytometric indicators of spring barley crops with the integrated use of biological products. Indicators of productivity and grain quality of spring barley were determined using biological products INBIO-FIT, BIOFIT-1.0 M and biofungicide Strekar

Protection of soybean plants from phytophages under conditions of the Primorsky Territory

The effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of soybean seeds and application of biorational insecticides in reducing the number of major pests of soybean in the conditions of the Primorsky Territory have been studied. The results of using insecticides and biopreparations to regulate the number of dominant pests of soybean have been presented. The studies were conducted in 2020 and 2021. The efficiency of insecticidal protectants Imidor Pro, SC (2 l/t) and Tabu, WSC (1.0 l/t), bioinsecticides Fitoverm, EC (0, 16 l/ha), Proclaim, WSG (0.3 kg/ha), Batsikol, L (15 l/ha), Biosleep BW, L (2 l/ha), Biosleep BT, P (2 kg/ha) against two-striped leaf beetle (Medythia nigrobilineatus Motsch.) and soybean pod borer (Leguminivora glycinivorella Mats.) were studied. Pre-sowing seed treatment with insecticides Imidor Pro and Tabu reduced damage of soybean plants in the sprouting phase by Medythia nigrobilineatus beetles compared to the control by 94.0–98.2%. Seed dressing with imidacloprid-based preparations provided effective protection of crops against the pest in the sprouting – branching phase. Biorational insecticides based on avermectin C and Bacillus thuringiensis showed high biological efficacy (71.1–98.8%) on the 5–10th day after treatment against the two-striped leaf beetle. Soybean seed damage when bioinsecticides were used against Leguminivora glycinivorella was 1.9–3.0% compared to 5.6% in the control. The conducted studies testify to the prospect of using the preparations of biological origin to control the number of dominant pests in soybean crops.

The Effect of Pre-sowing Treatments with Glomus mosseae and GA3 on the Leaves Physiology of Melia azedarach Seedling

Melia azedarach, a versatile tree belonging to the Meliaceae family, presents a significant challenge in achieving successful seed germination for forest plantations. The robust nature of Melia azedarach seeds necessitates pre-treatments to overcome physical barriers and enhance water absorption. Natural ecosystems often benefit from the symbiotic relationship between Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and plant roots, which promotes survival and growth. This study examined the impact of Glomus mosseae-inoculated soil on Melia azedarach seeds treated with pre-sowing techniques at the Nursery of the Forestry Department, CCSHAU, Hisar in 2019. Glomus mosseae was sown at a rate of 400–500 sporocarps per kg of soil, and its influence was evaluated in terms of physiological parameters, survival rate, root colonization percentage, and sporocarp count. Each replication of the experiment involved 250 seedlings and was repeated five times. Results demonstrated that soils inoculated with Glomus mosseae and treated with gibberellic acid at 200 ppm for 24 hours prior to sowing exhibited significantly higher physiological parameters (chlorophyll and carotenoid content, photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance), survival percentage, root colonization percentage, and sporocarp count (per 100 g of soil). Therefore, the combined use of Glomus mosseae and gibberellic acid at 200 ppm for 24 hours is recommended to enhance physiological growth and plant survival in Melia azedarach.

The influence of the use of biological preparations on the formation of quality indicators of spring wheat grain

Relevance. For a more complete realization of the biological potential inherent in the culture and directly in each variety, in the agrotechnology used, separate elements are used that contribute to more effective plant development. This should include the use of biological preparations that are not only able to stimulate and regulate the growth and development of plants, but are also safe for the environment. In this regard, the research results presented in this paper are relevant and timely.Materials and methods. In our study, we studied the effect of pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds and its (processing) aftereffect on grain quality indicators and seed sowing properties. The early-ripening variety of spring soft wheat Iren was taken as an object of research. The subject of the study is biological preparations, their effect and aftereffect during pre–sowing seed treatment on the formation of grain and the quality of the seed material of the crop.Results. Studies have revealed differences in the intensity of the effect of presowing seed treatment with biological preparations and the aftereffect of treatment on the quality indicators of spring wheat grain. The aftereffect of the drugs increased the protein content in the grain. The maximum protein content in the experiment was obtained in variant 2 (the preparation was obtained by the method of VAG based on pine needles (HS 22)) – 17.0%.The gluten content in the grain in variants of experiments 2 and 3 was formed above 32%, which corresponds to the 1st class. The maximum gluten content in the grain was obtained in variant 2 (HS 22) – 41.8% in experiment 3 (aftereffect). The vitreous content of the grain in all variants of experiments 2 and 3 is higher than 60%, which makes it possible to classify the grain to the 1st class. A higher level of grain nature was obtained on variants with the aftereffect of drugs. Grain on the variants of experiment 3: control, 3 (LP 4), 8 (Cytohumate), 9 (Lignohumate) with grain in kind above 750 g should be attributed to the 1st class.

Influence of Presowing Treatment of Seeds with Salicylic Acid on Growth and Photosynthetic Apparatus of Barley with Different Zinc Contents in Substrate

Under the conditions of a growing experiment, the authors studied the effect of presowing treatment of seeds with salicylic acid (SA) on the growth parameters and photosynthetic apparatus (PSA) of barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L.), which are in optimal conditions of mineral nutrition or with a lack of zinc in the root environment. It has been shown that zinc deficiency does not adversely affect PSA but causes inhibition of plant growth. Presowing treatment of seeds with SA (10 M) had a stimulating effect on the intensity of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, which ensured successful plant growth under conditions of zinc deficiency. At the same time, in plants grown from seeds treated with SA, the content of zinc in the roots and shoots was higher than in plants whose seeds were not treated. Based on the obtained results, a conclusion was made on the possibility and prospects of using presowing seed treatment with SA for growing barley plants under conditions of zinc deficiency in the root environment.

The effect of pre-sowing treatment biological preparations of common bean seeds for their sowing qualities

Relevance. The use of biological preparations in agricultural technology of agricultural crops contributes to the preservation of agrophytocenosis, reduces environmental pollution and has a positive effect on the growth and development of the plants themselves. In this regard, the determination of the effectiveness of the use of biological products in the presowing treatment of common bean seeds is relevant and timely.Materials and methods. In our study, we studied the effect of presowing treatment of common bean seeds with biological products: Polydon Bio Profi, Polydon Amino Mix, Polydon Aminomix, Alfastim on germination energy, germination, seed sprout size, number of roots and length of the root system. Three varieties were taken as objects of study: Athlete, Omichka, Sirenevaya.Results. A different effect of preparations on the time of seed germination was revealed. The average germination time in options 1-4 was higher than the control values for all varieties, i.e. drugs slowed down germination. The seeds of the tested varieties responded positively to treatment with Alfastim (option 5): the average germination time in Fizkulturnitsa and Sirenevaya decreased by 8.5 and 9.8%, in the Omichka variety by 45%, compared with the control. Among the tested varieties, it is necessary to single out the Sirenevaya variety, which has the highest germination energy (ES) from 90% to 100% and seed germination (VS) from 98-100% in all treatment options. The most effective treatment of the Omichka variety was in option 2 (EP-90%, germination rate 90%), the values exceeded the control by 5%. For all options, the germination energy of the Fizkulturnitsa variety ranged from 72 to 90%, germination from 73 to 93%. A positive effect of drugs on the germination of seeds of this variety was established. The defeat of bean seeds by mold fungi was noted. Seed damage is mild to moderate. Seed damage by mold fungi in the variants using Polydon Bio Profi was absent, or it was weak up to 3.3% for all tested varieties. Morphobiometric indicators of seedlings and their root system in all varieties developed more effectively on variants with the use of Polydon Bio Profi and Alfastim preparations, and their mixtures

Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Pre-Sowing Treatments on the Germination and Growth Parameters of Abelmoschus esculenta Linn.

A comparative study on the effects of pre-sowing treatments on the germination and growth of Abelmoschus esculentus was done by putting the seeds through three treatments at different durations before sowing. These treatments involved soaking the seeds in 30% H2SO4, vernalization and soaking in water (hydrotreatment). Five polyethene bags were used for each replicate, 16 replicates of 10kg of soil were prepared for the plant according to the treatments and duration placement. Morphometric data such as germination percentage, plant height, stem girth and leaf area were collected and analyzed using mean, variance, standard deviation, variance of the mean, standard error and confidence limit. The results of the analysis showed the various treatments and the duration significance on percentage germination and growth parameters of Abelmoschus esculentus seeds. Data showed the effects of various treatments duration and their significance on percentage germination of Abelmoschus esculentus seeds. The result further showed that the treatment of seeds before cultivation increased the percentage germination in A. esculentus when compared with the control replicate. It was also revealed that the height readings of different treatment sources and treatment durations did significantly affect the height of A. esculentus. It was also observed that leaf Area and stem girth significantly increased in different treatment methods and durations as seen in treatment of A. esculentus respectively. This research showed that seed treatment resulted in early germination and high growth rate; hence seed treatment with either soaking in 30% sulphuric acid, vernalization or soaking in water should be used for enhancing emergence and better seedling growth in Abelmoschus esculentus but attention should be paid to the duration of exposure of seed to these treatments.

Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Pre-sowing Treatments on the Germination and Growth Parameters of Zea mays Linn

A comparative study on the effects of pre-sowing treatments on the germination and growth of Zea mays was carried out by subjecting the seeds to three treatments at different durations before sowing. The treatments used include; soaking in 30% H2SO4, vernalization and soaking in water (hydotreatment). Soil was filled in 160 polyethene bags of 10 kg each. Five polyethene bags were used for each replicate. With this arrangement, 16 replicates were gotten for the plant according to the treatment and duration placement. Parameters such as germination percentage, plant height, and stem girth as well as leaf area were collected and analyzed using mean, variance, standard deviation, variance of the mean, standard error and confidence limit. The results of the analysis showed that the various treatments and the duration significance on percentage germination and growth parameters of Zea mays seeds. Data presented in Tables 1-14 showed the various treatments and the duration significance on percentage germination of Zea mays seeds. The result showed that the treatment of seeds before cultivation increased the percentage germination in Zea mays when compared with the control replicate. The results revealed the height readings of different treatment sources and treatment durations and how significantly it affected the height of Zea mays. It was also observed that leaf Area and stem girth significantly increased in different treatment methods and durations as seen in treatment of Zea mays. From this research, it was observed that seed treatment resulted in early germination and high growth strength; hence seed treatment with any of the treatments will suffice in giving a better seed performance but for the sake of availability and accessibility of the treatments, hydro-treatment is most recommended.

Effect of Pre-Sowing Treatment of Spring Wheat Seeds (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) with Organic Acids of Natural Origin in a Rarefied Medium on Plant Growth and Development

The effect of pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L.) with succinic and salicylic acids at concentrations of 10–5 M and 10–3 M with and without the use of a vacuum infiltrator was studied. The obtained results showed a positive effect of seed treatment under conditions of rarefied pressure (0.9 atm, 15 min) on the development of coleoptile and seedling root on the 7th day of germination. On day 3 (when determining the germination energy), the effect of a rarefied medium did not reveal a significant effect. Under stressful conditions of plant development with hyperthermia, it was found that treatment of seeds with salicylic acid at a concentration of 10–3 M in a rarefied environment provided the best result in reducing stress load by suppressing catalase activity. Succinic acid at a concentration of 10–5 M proved to be the best option as a growth enhancer. Together with the use of a rarefied medium, such treatment most significantly accelerated the development of the coleoptile and the root of the seedling on the 7th day of germination.

Effect of the Biostimulator Composition with Trace Elements to Accelerate the Growth and Increase the Productivity of Pumpkin

The use of environmentally friendly growth regulators and micro fertilizers makes it possible to use energy-saving technologies and maximize the physiological capabilities of plants. At the Institute of Plant Chemistry named after Academician S.Yu. Yunusov, a biostimulator Uchkun was created, which has a low consumption rate and low toxicity. The drug increases the yield of many crops (cotton, wheat, etc.) and protects them from adverse conditions, increases the content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of pre-sowing treatment of pumpkin seeds of the Spanish-73 and Palov-Kadu-268 varieties with the Uchkun biological preparation and its composition with trace elements (Uchkun plus preparation) on the productivity and quality of seeds. It is shown that this composition contributed to an increase in crop productivity. When treated with the composition, the average weight of one fetus was 3.4 kg and exceeded the option without treatment (control) (2.8 kg) by 21.4%, when treated with a biostimulator Uchkun – 3.3 kg, which was 17.8% more than the control. The average increase in pumpkin yield during pre–sowing seed treatment with Uchkun plus was 10.1 t/ha compared to the control, whereas when exposed to Uchkun – 7.8 t/ha. In addition, it was shown that when exposed to a complex preparation, the quality of pumpkin seeds improved, the oil content and the total protein content increased, and the amount of unsaturated fatty acids increased.

Effects of pre-sowing treatments and seed sources on seed germination of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb.

Seed pre-treatments improve germination under diverse environmental conditions. The present study assessed the effects of pre-sowing treatments and various seed sources on seed germination of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb.- an important medicinal plant species growing in Kashmir Himalaya. Seeds were collected from five different sites of the Kashmir Himalaya, India, and were treated with 10 different pre-sowing treatments including control, gibberellic acid (GA3; 100 ppm), indole acetic acid (IAA; 50 ppm), indole butyric acid (IBA; 50 ppm), kinetin (150 ppm), potassium nitrate (KNO3; 150 ppm), thiourea (150 ppm), gibberellic acid plus scarification (GA3; 100 ppm+SC), mechanical scarification and sulphuric acid (H2SO4) treatment for 20 min. The highest seed germination (83.6%) along with the maximum seedling vigor index (SVI) of (7.92) was found in seeds treated with 150 ppm thiourea followed by scarified seeds treated with 100 ppm gibberellic acid (66.00%) and KNO3 (61.2%). The maximum germination index (GI) (0.70), mean daily germination (MDG) (6.69% seeds per day), and mean germination time (MGT) (6.58 days) were recorded for seeds treated with GA3 (100 ppm) plus scarification. Among the five seed sources, no significant differences were observed in the seed germination. However, pre-treatments, as well as the interaction effect of seed source variation and pre-treatments showed significant differences in the measured germination parameters (i.e., germination starting dates, closing dates, germination period, germination percentages, GI, and MGT). The treatment with thiourea (150 ppm), KNO3 (150 ppm), and a combination of scarification and 100 ppm GA3 are the most effective ways of enhancing the seed germination of P. acinosa. Present study will have significant implications for successful germination, large-scale cultivation, sustainable utilization, and conservation of P. acinosa by reducing its exploitation from natural wild populations.

Evaluation of the effect of pre-sowing treatment of grain sorghum seeds with fungicides on the development of blotches in the forest-steppe of the Samara Region

Relevance. It is important to evaluate the effectiveness of modern fungicides and their effect on the development of leaf infections of grain sorghum in order to optimize plant protection against diseases. Methods. The studies were carried out in the fields of the Volga Scientific Research Institute of Selection and Seed-Growing named after P.N. Konstantinov on grain sorghum variety Premiere in 2014–2016. Leaf diseases were estimated by eye in the field during the phases of flowering, milky, waxy, and full grain ripeness. The average lesion of each plant was evaluated, and the prevalence and intensity of disease development was established. Seeds were treated immediately before sowing. Biological effectiveness of the studied fungicides was determined by prevalence and intensity of disease development. Results. Analysis of leaves showed that quite a wide complex of pathogens belonging to the kingdom of fungi caused blotches on sorghum leaves. Mycelium and spores of fungi Alternaria sp., Fusarium sp., Helminthosporium sp. and others were detected on the affected leaves in the stain area. The obtained results allow us to conclude that the development of the fungal leaf blotches in sorghum in the conditions of forest-steppe of the Samara region considerably depends on hydrothermal conditions of the year: the more arid are conditions of May and June, the higher amount of precipitation and thelower temperature is in July, the higher is leaf blotch infestation of sorghum. Seed pretreatment with fungicides suppressed fungal leaf blotch development in the Premiere variety by 13.6–47.0 % in 2014, 6.9–62.2 % – in 2015, and 3.5–53.7 % – in 2016. At the same time, the highest biological efficacy showed treatment of seeds with fungicides of contact-system action “Fundazol” and “Vitaros”; was 25.0–75.0 % in prevalence and 26.2–62.2 % in the intensity of leaf blotch development.

Evaluation of the use of silicon and iron nanoform for pre-sowing treatment of <i>Pisum sativum</i> seeds

Relevance. Modern plant growing technologies are associated with the use of nanoparticles for pre-sowing seed treatment. The article presents the results of studying the effect of pre-sowing treatment of Pisum sativum seeds with solutions of iron and silicon nanooxides on the germination, viability and yield of plants in the conditions of the Southern Ural. Methods. For pre-sowing treatment of seeds, solutions of nanoparticles of SiO2 and Fe3O4 were used at a concentration of 10–2, 10–3 and 10–4 mg/l, as well as a solution of mixture of two oxides. Cell viability was assessed by the method of Vijayaraghavaraddy, superoxide dismutase activity was determined by Giannopolitis and Ries, catalase, lipid peroxidation and malondialdehyde content – by Heath and Packer, and the fractional composition of proteins in seeds – by Chen. Results. Determination of the germination of P. sativum showed a significant stimulation of seed germination and an increase in catalase activity when seeds were treated with SiO2 in two concentrations (up to 83 % and 146 %), Fe3O4 (up to 111 %) and Fe3O4 + SiO2 (up to 47 %). A decrease in the content of malonic dialdehyde due to the treatment with SiO2 and its mixture with Fe3O4 (up to 40 %) was noted. Against the background of the use of nanoparticles for pre-sowing seed treatment, the composition of the protein complex changed due to an increase in the pool of albumins by 88 % and a decrease in the content of globulins down to 9,8 %.

Study of regulatory conditions for electrochemical water purification and the composition of microelements in it

The research consists of selecting the most optimal water sample for the purpose of electrochemical activation of water and the composition of microelements in it, electrochemical activation of the selected sample, as well as studying the effect of pre-sowing treatment of melons with microelements of various concentrations on their germination in laboratory conditions.

INFLUENCE OF PRE-SOWING TREATMENT OF SOYBEAN SEEDS WITH AGROMINERALS ON THE MAIN ECONOMIC AND USEFUL INDICATORS OF THE CROP

In crop production, the usage of various microelements for seed treatment is of great importance, which have a stimulating effect on the growth and development of plants. This article presents the results of the effect of presowing treatment of soybean seeds with agrominerals based on tagan bentonite and fungicidal biostimulants. The agrominerals consist of complexes of succinic acid and ethylenediamine succinic acid with silver or copper ions in combination with a film-forming substance, as a starch, to increase economically useful qualities of the crop. Various effects of agrominerals were revealed, on the growing season of soybean, such as development, yield, weight of 1000 seeds, quantity of beans on plants, protein and fat content in seeds. It has been established that pre-sowing treatment with separate complexes ofSA-Сu, SA-Ag, and Starch-SA-Cu leads to a reduction in the vegetation period by 5-8 days. However, agromineral based onTgn-EDSA-Ag-Starch and Tgn-EDSA-Cu- Starchon the contrary, increases the duration of the vegetation period by 4-7 days. The yield increases of (Nur+) 3.1-3.5 centner/hectar (cwt/ha) and (Progress) 3.0-4.1 cwt/ha in comparison with the control.Also, the influence of agrominerals on the weight of 1000 seeds, the number of beans on plants, the content of protein and fat in seeds were noted.

Comparative study of symbiotic activity of legumes when using Risotorphin and Epin-extra.

In a vegetation experiment with soybean plants of the Svapa and Mageva varieties and in a field experiment with bean plants of the Geliada and Shokoladnitsa varieties, we studied the effect of pre-sowing treatment of the seeds of these plants with Rizotorfin and Epin-extra on the nitrogenase activity of the nodules of these plants and their ultrastructure. Analysis of the ultrastructure of the nodule tissue of beans and soybeans was carried out in the flowering phase. It was found that the highest indices of the mass and number of nodules and the activity of nitrogenase in them were found in bean plants of the Heliada cultivar when the seeds were treated with Epin-extra against the background of inoculation with Rizotorfin, where the largest area of symbiosomes, volutin and their number was noted in the nodules. Beans of the Shokoladnitsa variety showed the protective effect of Rizotorfin. In the nodules of soybean plants of the Svapa variety, the seeds of which were treated with Epin-extra against the background of inoculation with Rizotorfin, the presence of a large number of symbiosomes, bacteroids, volutin inclusions with a larger area and a minimum number of inclusions of poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) was noted, and the highest indicators of symbiotic activity. Soybean plants of the Mageva variety showed the protective effect of Rizotorfin. The efficiency of the symbiotic system was determined by the number and weight of nodules and the activity of the nitrogenase enzyme.