Effect Of PPy Research Articles

Enhanced Cr(vi) removal by Co and PPy co-modified Ca-Al-layered double hydroxides due to adsorption and reduction mechanisms.

Co and polypyrrole co-modified hierarchical CaAl-LDH microspheres (CCALP) were synthesized via hydrothermal and in situ polymerization methods. The synergistic effect of PPy and Co endowed CCALP with higher surface area and more reduction sites than CaAl-LDHs modified by Co or PPy alone, maintaining good recyclability for Cr(vi) removal efficiency over four cycles without any treatment. Compared to Co, PPy doping was the dominant reason for Cr(vi) reduction on CCALP. Under optimized conditions, the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity reached 845.25 mg g-1, and the removal efficiency of Cr(vi) achieved 98.83%. The Langmuir model fitted well with the Cr(vi) adsorption on CCALP, supporting the monolayer adsorption hypothesis. The adsorption process followed the Avrami fractional kinetics (AFO) model, suggesting complex and multiple kinetic stages. Thermodynamic experiments confirmed that the adsorption was a spontaneous exothermic process. The density functional theory (DFT) and electrostatic potential (ESP) calculations confirmed that the oxygen-containing parts of Cr2O7 2- and HCrO4 - were the affinity sites, and the co-doping of Co and PPy significantly improved the Cr(vi) adsorption energy on CCALP. Therefore, the Cr(vi) removal mechanism on CCALP was proposed with electrostatic interaction, ion exchange, complexation and reduction.

Effect of Mutation Type on Ectopic Ossification Among Adult Patients With X-Linked Hypophosphatemia.

Causative factors for ectopic ossifications in X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) remain to be elucidated. This work aimed to investigate the genotype-phenotype correlations between the phosphate-regulating endopeptidase homologue, X-linked gene (PHEX) and ectopic ossifications in XLH. Biochemical data, spinal computed tomography scans, and x-rays of hip/knee joints were retrospectively reviewed. Genetic analysis and the measurement of plasma inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi)-a potent inhibitor of tissue calcification-were performed. The effect of PHEX mutations on protein function was predicted using nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) and 3-dimensional structure modeling. The index of ossification of the anterior/posterior longitudinal ligament and yellow ligament (OA/OP/OY index) and the sum of the OA/OP/OY index (OS index) were used to quantify the severity of spinal ligament ossification. The severity of the hip/knee osteoarthritis was evaluated by the Kellgren-Lawrence classification. We examined 24 distinct pathogenic PHEX variants in 28 patients from a study population of 33 individuals in 27 unrelated, nonconsanguineous families. Among the 31 patients whose plasma samples were analyzed for PPi, 14 patients (45%) showed decreased plasma PPi concentrations; however, PPi concentrations did not correlate with mutation type or ectopic ossification. Fibroblast growth factor 23 levels in women with NMD-insensitive mutations trended lower than in men with NMD-sensitive mutations but failed to reach statistical significance. Both models revealed no correlations between PHEX pathogenic variant and ectopic ossification. Neither modeling found correlates between PHEX pathogenic variants and ectopic ossification. The effects of PPi on ectopic ossifications in adults with XLH revealed trends that should be investigated with a large sample size.

Electrosynthesis of Transition Metal Coordinated Polymers for Active and Stable Oxygen Evolution

AbstractTransition metal coordination polymers (TM‐CP) are promising inexpensive and flexible electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction in water electrolysis, while their facile synthesis and controllable regulation remain challenging. Here we report an anodic oxidation‐electrodeposition strategy for the growth of TM‐CP (TM=Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Mn; CP=polyaniline, polypyrrole) films on a variety of metal substrates that act as both catalyst supports and metal ion sources. An exemplified bimetallic NiFe‐polypyrrole (NiFe‐PPy) features superior mechanical stability in friction and exhibits high activity with long‐term durability in alkaline seawater (over 2000 h) and anion exchange membrane electrolyzer devices at current density of 500 mA cm−2. Spectroscopic and microscopic analysis unravels the configurations with atomically distributed metal sites induced by d‐π conjugation, which transforms into a mosaic structure with NiFe (oxy)hydroxides embedded in PPy matrix during oxygen evolution. The superior catalytic performance is ascribed to the anchoring effect of PPy that inhibits metal dissolution, the strong substrate‐to‐catalyst interaction that ensures good adhesion, and the Fe/Ni−N coordination that modulates the electronic structures to facilitate the deprotonation of *OOH intermediate. This work provides a general strategy and mechanistic insight into building robust inorganic/polymer composite electrodes for oxygen electrocatalysis.

Electrosynthesis of Transition Metal Coordinated Polymers for Active and Stable Oxygen Evolution.

Transition metal coordination polymers (TM-CP) are promising inexpensive and flexible electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction in water electrolysis, while their facile synthesis and controllable regulation remain challenging. Here we report an anodic oxidation-electrodeposition strategy for the growth of TM-CP (TM=Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Mn; CP=polyaniline, polypyrrole) films on a variety of metal substrates that act as both catalyst supports and metal ion sources. An exemplified bimetallic NiFe-polypyrrole (NiFe-PPy) features superior mechanical stability in friction and exhibits high activity with long-term durability in alkaline seawater (over 2000 h) and anion exchange membrane electrolyzer devices at current density of 500 mA cm-2. Spectroscopic and microscopic analysis unravels the configurations with atomically distributed metal sites induced by d-π conjugation, which transforms into a mosaic structure with NiFe (oxy)hydroxides embedded in PPy matrix during oxygen evolution. The superior catalytic performance is ascribed to the anchoring effect of PPy that inhibits metal dissolution, the strong substrate-to-catalyst interaction that ensures good adhesion, and the Fe/Ni-N coordination that modulates the electronic structures to facilitate the deprotonation of *OOH intermediate. This work provides a general strategy and mechanistic insight into building robust inorganic/polymer composite electrodes for oxygen electrocatalysis.

Research on China insurance demand forecasting: Based on mixed frequency data model.

In this paper, we introduce the mixed-frequency data model (MIDAS) to China's insurance demand forecasting. We select the monthly indicators Consumer Confidence Index (CCI), China Economic Policy Uncertainty Index (EPU), Consumer Price Index (PPI), and quarterly indicator Depth of Insurance (TID) to construct a Mixed Data Sampling (MIDAS) regression model, which is used to study the impact and forecasting effect of CCI, EPU, and PPI on China's insurance demand. To ensure forecasting accuracy, we investigate the forecasting effects of the MIDAS models with different weighting functions, forecasting windows, and a combination of forecasting methods, and use the selected optimal MIDAS models to forecast the short-term insurance demand in China. The experimental results show that the MIDAS model has good forecasting performance, especially in short-term forecasting. Rolling window and recursive identification prediction can improve the prediction accuracy, and the combination prediction makes the results more robust. Consumer confidence is the main factor influencing the demand for insurance during the COVID-19 period, and the demand for insurance is most sensitive to changes in consumer confidence. Shortly, China's insurance demand is expected to return to the pre-COVID-19 level by 2023Q2, showing positive development. The findings of the study provide new ideas for China's insurance policymaking.

Simultaneous efficient evaporation and stable electricity generation enabled by a wooden evaporator based on composite photothermal effect

The current solar interfacial evaporators have limited evaporation performance due to their single photothermal mechanism, insufficient light utilization, and improper heat management. Therefore, a novel approach involving polypyrrole (PPy) and Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) modified wooden evaporator (AgPW) using an in-situ polymerization and growth method was proposed for efficient and sustainable freshwater purification. The composite photothermal effect of PPy and AgNPs led to a significantly enhanced light absorption capacity and superior photothermal conversion efficiency in a wide spectrum range, which coupled with the rapid water transport capacity conferred by the regular vertical channels and superior hydrophilicity of the delignified wood, resulted in remarkable evaporation performance through the coordinated regulation of thermal and water management. The optimized AgPW50 achieved an evaporation rate of up to 2.04 kg m−2 h−1 and an evaporation efficiency of 90.7 % under 1 kW m−2 irradiation. Importantly, this evaporator was highly salt resistant and long-term desalination stability, and can also be extended to the purification of various types of wastewaters while converting the released waste heat into stable electricity generation. The innovative Ag/PPy wooden evaporator integrates biomass resources with solar energy utilization, demonstrating an environmentally friendly, efficient and cost-effective strategy for seawater desalination and energy production, providing a new sustainable development pathway to solve the challenge of balancing water security and energy consumption.

Wintersweet-like Nanohybrids of Titanium-doped Cerium Vanadate Loaded with Polypyrrole for Tumor Theranostic.

Compromises between enhanced on-targeting reactivity and precise real-time monitoring in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are the main roadblocks for catalytic cancer therapy. The hallmark of a high level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and acidic extracellular environment of the hypoxia solid tumor can underpin therapeutic and tracking performance. Herein, this work provides an activatable wintersweet-like nanohybrid consisting of titanium (Ti) doped cerium vanadate nanorods with the modification of polypyrrole (PPy)nanoparticles (CeVO4-Ti@PPy) for combinatorial therapies of breast carcinoma. The Ti dopants in the size-controllable CeVO4 nanorods lower the energy barrier (0.5eV) of the rate-determining steps and elaborate peroxidase-like (POD-like)activities to improve the generation of toxic hydroxyl radical (·OH) according to the density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The multiple enzyme-like activities, including the intrinsic glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT), achieve a record-high therapeutic efficiency. Coupling this oxidative stress with the photothermal effects of PPy enables enhanced catalytic tumor necrosis. The exterior PPy heterogeneous structure can be further doped with protons in the local acidic environment to intensify photoacoustic signals, allowing the non-invasive accurate tracking of tumors. The theranostic performance displayed negligible attenuated signals in near-infrared (NIR) windows. This organic-inorganic nanohybrid with a heterogeneous structure provides the potential to improve the overall outcomes of catalytic therapy.

Facile synthesis and electrochemical investigation of graphitic carbon nitride/manganese dioxide incorporated polypyrrole nanocomposite for high-performance energy storage applications

Abstract Manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanoparticles were modified by graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) and polylpyrrole (Ppy) to enhance their electrochemical performance. The surface influence, crystalline structure, and electrochemical performance of the Ppy/GCN/MnO2 material were characterized and compared with those of pristine MnO2. It is found that surface modification can improve the structural stability of MnO2 without decreasing its available specific capacitance. The electrochemical properties of synthesized Ppy/GCN/MnO2 electrode were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and AC impedance techniques in 5 M KOH electrolyte. Specific capacitances of 486, 815, 921, and 1377 F/g were obtained for MnO2, Ppy/MnO2, GCN/MnO2, and Ppy/GCN/MnO2, respectively, at 5 A/g. This improvement is attributed to the synergistic effect of GCN and Ppy in the Ppy/GCN/MnO2 electrode material. The Ppy/GCN/MnO2 electrode in KOH has average specific energy and specific power densities of 172 Wh kg−1 and 2065 W kg−1, respectively. Only 2 % of the capacitance’s initial value is lost after 10,000 cycles. The resulting Ppy/GCN/MnO2 nanocomposite had very stable and porous layered structures. This work demonstrates that Ppy/GCN/MnO2 nanomaterials exhibit good structural stability and electrochemical performance and are good materials for supercapacitor applications.

Study on the mechanism of oxygen plasma-assisted polypyrrole to improve electrochemical performance of screen-printed graphene electrode based on density dunctional theory

In this work, polypyrrole (PPy) nanosheets was synthesized by low-temperature oxidative polymerization method. Subsequently, the as-synthesized PPy nanosheets were treated with oxygen plasma. The sensitive mechanism of oxygen plasma-assisted polypyrrole (PPy/O) to enhance the electrochemical performance of screen-printed graphene electrode (SPGE) was studied. The surface morphology and chemical composition of PPy/O were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), revealing that the oxygen plasma treatment etched the surface morphology and increased the number of oxygen-containing functional groups of PPy/O. The experimental results demonstrated that the oxidation current sensitivity of PPy and PPy/O modified SPGE to K3[Fe(CN)6](PF) increased by 5% and 19%, respectively. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed, revealing that the adsorption energy of PF molecules on oxygen plasma-assisted PPy was 1.79 times greater than that of untreated PPy nanosheets, and the electron transfer between PPy nanosheets and PF molecules also changed significantly. The remarkable improvement of SPGE in electrochemical performance can be attributed to the large specific surface area and increased number of oxygen-containing functional groups of PPy/O. Oxygen plasma assistance can effectively improve the modification effect of PPy on SPGE.

Polypyrrole@CNT@PU Conductive Sponge-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Human Motion Monitoring and Self-Powered Ammonia Sensing.

Elastic sponges are ideal materials for triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) to harvest irregular and random mechanical energy from the environment. However, the conductive design of the elastic materials in TENGs often limits its applications. In this work, we have demonstrated that an elastic conductive sponge can be used as the triboelectric layer and electrode for TENGs. Such an elastic conductive sponge is prepared by a simple way of adsorbing multiwalled carbon nanotubes and monomers of pyrrole to grow conductive polypyrroles on the surface of an elastic polyurethane (PU) sponge. Due to the porous structure of the PU sponge and the conductive multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), PPy on the surface of PU could provide a large contact area to improve the output performance of TENGs, and the conductive sponge-based TENG could generate an output of open-circuit voltage of 110 V or a short-circuit current of 12 μA, respectively. The good flexibility of the conductive PU sponge makes the TENG harvest the kinetic energy of disordered motion with different amplitudes, allowing for human motion monitoring. Furthermore, the porous structure of PU and the synergistic effects of PPy and MWCNTs enable the conductive sponge to sense NH3 as a self-powered NH3 sensor. This work offers a simple way to construct a flexible TENG system for random mechanical energy harvesting, human motion monitoring, and self-powered NH3 sensing.

Evidence that pyrophosphate acts as an extracellular signalling molecule to exert direct functional effects in primary cultures of osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

Extracellular pyrophosphate (PPi) is well known for its fundamental role as a physiochemical mineralisation inhibitor. However, information about its direct actions on bone cells remains limited. This study shows that PPi decreased osteoclast formation and resorptive activity by ≤50%. These inhibitory actions were associated with reduced expression of genes involved in osteoclastogenesis (Tnfrsf11a, Dcstamp) and bone resorption (Ctsk, Car2, Acp5). In osteoblasts, PPi present for the entire (0-21days) or latter stages of culture (7-21/14-21days) decreased bone mineralisation by ≤95%. However, PPi present for the differentiation phase only (0-7/0-14days) increased bone formation (≤70%). Prolonged treatment with PPi resulted in earlier matrix deposition and increased soluble collagen levels (≤2.3-fold). Expression of osteoblast (RUNX2, Bglap) and early osteocyte (E11, Dmp1) genes along with mineralisation inhibitors (Spp1, Mgp) was increased by PPi (≤3-fold). PPi levels are regulated by tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) and ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1). PPi reduced NPP1 expression in both cell types whereas TNAP expression (≤2.5-fold) and activity (≤35%) were increased in osteoblasts. Breakdown of extracellular ATP by NPP1 represents a key source of PPi. ATP release from osteoclasts and osteoblasts was decreased ≤60% by PPi and by a selective TNAP inhibitor (CAS496014-12-2). Pertussis toxin, which prevents Gαi subunit activation, was used to investigate whether G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signalling mediates the effects of PPi. The actions of PPi on bone mineralisation, collagen production, ATP release, gene/protein expression and osteoclast formation were abolished or attenuated by pertussis toxin. Together these findings show that PPi, modulates differentiation, function and gene expression in osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The ability of PPi to alter ATP release and NPP1/TNAP expression and activity indicates that cells can detect PPi levels and respond accordingly. Our data also raise the possibility that some actions of PPi on bone cells could be mediated by a Gαi-linked GPCR.

The thermochromic smart window and thermo-electrochromic device(T-ECD) based on PNIPAm/Ppy composite hydrogel for fast phase transition

Thermochromic smart windows possess great application potential in terms of building energy conservation. Herein, a novel smart window is designed by combining thermochromic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) and polypyrrole (Ppy). The photothermal conversion effect of Ppy could effectively accelerate the phase transition of PNIPAm. The Ppy could provide extra heat for PNIPAm hydrogel, the phase transition time of PNIPAm/Ppy would be reduced to 3 min(12 min for pure PNIPAm hydrogel). The smart window exhibits excellent solar modulation efficiency(53.7 %). Different concentrations of KCl could regulate phase transition temperature of PNIPAm between 20 and 32 °C. Under irradiation of simulated light for 20 min, the water temperature of test tube covered by PNIPAm/Ppy smart window is 3.5 °C lower than that of blank glass. Moreover, T-ECD based on PNIPAm/Ppy could reduce phase transition time to 90 s. The electrochromic property of Ppy could endow T-ECD with more colours, and The T-ECD exhibits high solar modulation efficiency(63.0 %) which could decline transmittance to 0.2 %. PNIPAm/Ppy composite hydrogel provides new ideas for the design of thermochromic smart windows and thermo-electrochromic dual-response devices.

An Investigation of PPy@1T/2H MoS2 Composites with Durable Photothermal-Promoted Effect in Photo-Fenton Degradation of Methylene Blue and in Water Evaporation.

MoS2 has garnered considerable attention as an exceptional co-catalyst that is capable of significantly enhancing the efficiency of H2O2 decomposition in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). This improvement allows for a reduction in the required amounts of H2O2 and Fe2+. In this study, we investigated the cyclic durability of photo-Fenton catalysts, focusing on the degradation of pollutants through the introduction of PPy into heterogeneous 1T-2H MoS2 units. The resulting photothermal-Fenton catalysts, comprising non-ferrous Fenton catalysts, demonstrated excellent degradation performance for simulated pollutants. In comparison with 1T-2H MoS2, the PPy@1T-2H MoS2 composite exhibited remarkable stability and photothermal enhancement in the photo-Fenton degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. The photo-Fenton reaction efficiently degraded contaminants, achieving 99% removal within 5 min and 99.8% removal within 30 min. Moreover, the co-catalyst complex displayed enhanced cyclic stability during the photo-Fenton reaction, with a contaminant removal efficiency of 92%, even after the 13th cyclic test. The combined effects of PPy and 1T-2H MoS2 demonstrated improved efficiency in both photocatalytic and photo-Fenton catalytic reactions. Furthermore, PPy@1T-2H MoS2 exhibited outstanding performance in the photothermal evaporation of water, achieving an efficiency of 86.3% under one solar irradiation.

Nano Ag/PPy Biocomposites Based on Graphene Oxide Modified Bacterial Cellulose from the Juice of Xinhui Citrus and Its Antibacterial Activity.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a green, natural biopolymer with excellent biocompatibility and a film-forming ability. However, its lack of inherent antibacterial activity restricts its application in medical materials and food preservation. In this study, BC derived from the juice of discarded Xinhui citrus was obtained through fermentation and further modified in situ with graphene oxide (GO) to obtain BC(GO). Subsequently, BC(GO) was loaded with cell-compatible polypyrrole (PPy) and antibacterial agent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to prepare Ag-PPy/BC(GO) composite films. Composite films were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) to evaluate their chemical structure and morphology. The results demonstrate effective adsorption of PPy and AgNPs onto the surface of BC nanofibers modified with GO. Antibacterial experiments reveal synergistic antibacterial effects of PPy and AgNPs. The Ag-PPy/BC(GO) membranes exhibit strong antibacterial activity against both Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), with 48-h growth inhibition rates of 75-84% and 82-84%, respectively.

FeOOH-polypyrrole-multiwalled carbon nanotube ternary nanocomposite fabricated by liquid-liquid co-extraction technique for supercapacitors application

FeOOH-polypyrrole-multiwalled carbon nanotube (FeOOH-PPy-MWCNT) ternary nanocomposite for supercapacitor negative electrodes are prepared by liquid-liquid co-extraction (LLCE) technique using decylphosphonic acid (DPPA) as efficient co-extractor. LLCE offers advantages of reduced agglomeration and facilitates mixing of the individual components. This technique allows direct particle transfer from the reaction medium to the electrode fabrication slurry. The mechanism of LLCE extraction is analyzed. The synergetic effect of FeOOH, PPy and MWCNT significantly enhances charge storage properties of the FeOOH-PPy-MWCNT ternary nanocomposite electrodes. The FeOOH-PPy-MWCNT ternary nanocomposite electrode shows an integral capacitance of 5.1 F cm−2 (137.9 F g−1) in a negative potential window, which is significantly higher than capacitances of binary FeOOH-MWCNT and PPy-MWCNT nanocomposites. Moreover, the ternary composite offers advantages of a larger voltage window. Testing results for the ternary composites at different electrode potentials show reduced AC impedance. The asymmetric supercapacitor device composed of FeOOH-PPy-MWCNT anode and MnO2-MWCNT cathode exhibits a high areal capacitance of 2.5 F cm−2 at scanning rate of 2 mV s−1 in a voltage window of 1.6 V at an extremely small impedance. This facile LLCE fabrication technique opens a door for fabrication of advanced nanocomposite materials for supercapacitor applications.

Synthesis and characterization of polypyrrole‐fly‐ash‐adenosine composite reinforced epoxy coating for anticorrosive applications

AbstractPolypyrrole (PPy), PPy‐fly ash, and PPy‐fly ash‐adenosine composite in an epoxy resin system were studied for potential applications in the field of corrosion protection. The composite was prepared using a simple and cost‐effective in‐situ chemical oxidative method by interfacial polymerization technique. The synthesized composites were added into the epoxy coating matrix. All the studied formulations show excellent adhesion (5B) and good chemical resistance and passed flexibility test without any crack formation. Pencil hardness increases from 2H to 4H while scratch resistance increases from 1.5 to 2 kg for both PPy‐Ash 3wt% and PPy‐Ash‐adenosine 3 wt% as compared to plain epoxy. The contact angle observed to be 80.4° for plain epoxy and with PPy‐Ash‐adenosine 5 wt% it is 98.75°. Anticorrosive properties of the coatings were evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy bode plot analysis and salt spray tests. There was an increase in impedance from 2.5 to 4.25 ohm, as the addition of PPy‐Ash‐adenosine composite. The results indicated that the composite coatings exhibited significantly higher corrosion protection properties compared to the pure epoxy coating. The enhanced corrosion protection performance of the composite coatings was attributed to the synergistic effect of PPy, fly ash, and adenosine.

The effects of PPI and CPI in prediction of interest rate value

Interest, which is as old as the history of humanity, is at the center of life today in parallel with the developments in technology and communication. Predicting the future values of interest, which is very important in every field from state administration to individual investments and expenditures, is very important for individuals/companies/ states to continue their activities in a stable manner. In pioneering studies, it has been emphasized that the main components of interest are real interest and future inflation expectations. Over time, the effects of goods, money, and international markets on the formation of interest have been analyzed theoretically and empirically. The effects of Central Banks on monetary policies and their long-term reflections have been the aim of many studies in recent history. The fact that the expected inflation in interest studies does not reflect the truth for many times has prevented the right results from being found. For this reason, it is seen that the realized CPI is generally used in estimating the interest rate. In addition, when countries are examined, it is seen that there are significant differences between CPI and PPI. The aim of this study is to empirically investigate which of the CPI and PPI values realized in estimating the interest rate should be used and to what extent.

Fabrication of SrWO4/PPy composite as electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors

The societal major concern of the moment is energy storage, energy production and global warming. Researchers are striving to create novel, highly efficient energy storage materials for developing faster, safer as well as more effective energy storage systems. One effective method to improve the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors (SCs) is the construction of highly efficient electro active materials, employing multivalent binary transition metal oxides (BTMOs) with electrical conducting polymers (CPs). For the first time, we report SrWO4/PPy composite synthesized by In-situ chemical polymerization route. The physio-chemical characteristics of the synthesized material was extensively examined with spectral and analytical techniques. SrWO4/PPy composite on Ni foil was fabricated as an alternate electrode material and was investigated for its capacitive behaviour. SrWO4/PPy electrode achieved a high specific capacitance of 747 Fg-1 at 5 mVs−1 and a remarkable cyclic stability of 93.8% even after 5000 cycles at 1 Ag-1. The notable electrochemical property of the electrode was attributed to its distinctive composite morphology, which is crucial in facilitating high conductivity, quick electron transfer, short ion diffusion distance and excellent active sites for enhanced electrochemical performance. The substantial capacitive behaviour can be attributed to the synergetic effect of SrWO4 and PPy. This work introduces platform to design efficient electrodes for the energy storage devices as well as for wearable electronics.

Reduction of major gastrointestinal bleeding risk with proton pump inhibitor therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving direct oral anticoagulant

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): This research was supported by a grant from the Patient-Centered Clinical Research Coordinating Center (PACEN) funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (grant number: HC21C0028). Background In patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) receiving direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC), gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is itself a serious event for the patient, and it causes an increase in the thromboembolic risk caused by discontinuation of anticoagulation therapy. There are limited data on the benefit of preventive PPI use to reduce the risk of GIB in DOAC users. Methods We included patients with AF receiving DOAC from 2013 to 2020 based on the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment database. For comparison between patients with and without PPI, propensity score (PS) weighting method was used. Primary outcome was major GIB and secondary outcomes were major upper GIB and upper GIB requiring transfusion. Results A total of 171,494 patients were included (mean 72±10 years, mean CHA2DS2-VASc 4.3±1.8; 50,577 of rivaroxaban, 23,010 of dabigatran, 54,461 of apixaban, and 43,446 of edoxaban). Among the total population, 40% of patients were prescribed PPI and 55% of PPI users were prescribed low dose PPI. After PS weighting, patients with PPI were associated with lower risks of major GIB, major upper GIB, and upper GIB requiring transfusion than those without PPI (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]; 0.816 [0.758-0.878], 0.834 [0.770-0.901], and 0.814 [0.734-0.902], respectively, Figure A). Patients with low dose PPI showed significant risk reduction for major GIB, major upper GIB, and upper GIB requiring transfusion than those without PPI (0.570 [0.515-0.632], 0.563 [0.505-0.628], and 0.505 [0.435-0.587], respectively). The protective effect of PPI was slightly different among DOAC types (Figure B). In the subgroup analyses, major GIB risk reduction of PPI co-therapy was more accentuated in patients older than 75 years and those with underlying GI disease or symptoms. Conclusion In this largest Asian cohort of patients with AF receiving DOAC, PPI co-therapy might be beneficial to reduce the risk of major GIB and upper GIB. This was consistently observed with low-dose PPI. The protective effect of PPI was more pronounced in the high bleeding risk patients.

Flexible structural construction of the ternary composite Ni,Co-Prussian blue analogue@MXene/polypyrrole for high-capacity capacitive deionization

Prussian blue analogues (PBAs), as the representative of Faradaic materials, has drawn extensive attention in capacitive deionization (CDI) for unique redox activity, open framework structure, and low-cost synthesis. However, the serious aggregation, low conductivity, and easy structural collapse of PBAs nanoparticles limit the practical application in CDI. Herein, the ternary composite Ni,Co-PBA@MXene/PPy is flexibly constructed by integrating the collective advantages of Ni,Co-PBA, MXene, and PPy. In this configuration, MXene not only provides high conductivity but also acts as the good substrate for the in-situ homogeneous growth of Ni,Co-PBA nanoparticles. Furthermore, Ni,Co-PBA nanoparticles could effectively inhibit the self-stacking of MXene and facilitate fast ion intercalation. And the doping of Co in Ni,Co-PBA promotes the redox process by the pseudocapacitive contribution. Meanwhile, PPy contributes to accelerating ions transport rate and promoting the structural stability of MXene and Ni,Co-PBA. Consequently, the hybrid CDI cell AC//Ni,Co-PBA@MXene/PPy delivers prominent desalination performance with the high salt adsorption capacity (38.7 mg g−1), rapid salt adsorption rate (10 mg g−1 min−1), low energy consumption (0.283 kWh kg−1-NaCl), and outstanding cyclic stability. Most importantly, the Ni,Co-PBA@MXene/PPy electrode can reserve favorable structural integrity by the significant shielding effect of PPy to prevent Ni,Co-PBA from collapse and MXene from being oxidized.